本文主解决linux系统的磁盘分区格式化及挂载问题
注意：
分区操作针对磁盘vda，sda等
vda1，sda1等是分区的名称
1.检查当前磁盘分区状态
1.1.查看分区挂载情况
df -h
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[email protected]:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 3.2M 1.6G 1% /run /dev/vda1 50G 5.7G 41G 13% / tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
1.2.查看服务器挂载的磁盘
fdisk -l
[email protected]:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xd6804155 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2.对磁盘进行分区格式化操作
2.1.对vdb磁盘进行分区
fdisk /dev/vdb
以下是常用的分区操作：
m打印菜单
n新建分区
d删除分区
p打印分区表
w写入分区表保存
q退出
p选择主分区
e选择扩展分区
1选择分区号
选择初始位置，默认为1
选择结束为止，默认为磁盘结尾
[email protected]:~# fdisk /dev/vdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x63c3e6e0. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): Created a new partition 1 of type ‘Linux‘ and of size 50 GiB. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
2.2.重新查看磁盘分区表
[email protected]:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xd6804155 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x63c3e6e0 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux
2.3..重新载入磁盘分区信息
partprobe /dev/vdb1
使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，
在格式化分区值前需要使用partprobe让kernel重新读取分区信息，如果不成功则需要重启系统
无返回就是读取成功
2.4.格式化磁盘分区
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
[email protected]:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Creating filesystem with 13106944 4k blocks and 3276800 inodes Filesystem UUID: 047fb8b0-e6ed-42db-bf5c-2a6d388fc34d Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
2.5.格式化完成后续优化配置
tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1
[email protected]:~# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1 tune2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Setting maximal mount count to -1
3.挂载分区
3.1.挂载分区到指定目录
mkdir -p /data mount /dev/vdb1 /data
3.2.配置开机自动挂载分区
vim /etc/fstab
增加以下内容
# made by zhaoshuai in 20180327 /dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
完毕，呵呵呵呵