linux进程管理杂记

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命令

vmstat

vmstat

[[email protected] Packages]# vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0     56  15876  38204 295152    0    0     4     3   21   18  0  1 99  0  0    

每隔一秒刷新一次

[[email protected] Packages]# vmstat 1
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0     56  15876  38244 295156    0    0     4     3   21   18  0  1 99  0  0    
 0  0     56  15876  38244 295156    0    0     0     0   19   18  0  0 100  0  0

每隔一秒刷新一次,刷5次

[[email protected] Packages]# vmstat 1 5
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 0  0     56  16016  38252 295156    0    0     4     3   21   18  0  1 99  0  0    
 0  0     56  16000  38252 295156    0    0     0     0   19   18  0  0 100  0  0   
 0  0     56  16000  38252 295156    0    0     0     0   15   19  0  0 100  0  0   
 0  0     56  16000  38252 295156    0    0     0     0   19   20  0  0 100  0  0   
 0  0     56  16000  38252 295156    0    0     0     0   18   22  0  0 100  0  0   

显示内存统计数据

[[email protected] Packages]# vmstat -s
       500920  total memory
       485152  used memory
       166076  active memory
       209088  inactive memory
        15768  free memory
        38484  buffer memory
       295160  swap cache
      4194300  total swap
           56  used swap
      4194244  free swap
        12253 non-nice user cpu ticks
         1030 nice user cpu ticks
        45577 system cpu ticks
     13913975 idle cpu ticks
        19671 IO-wait cpu ticks
         2005 IRQ cpu ticks
        56053 softirq cpu ticks
            0 stolen cpu ticks
       574569 pages paged in
       365158 pages paged out
            0 pages swapped in
           14 pages swapped out
      2913423 interrupts
      2544112 CPU context switches
   1465975126 boot time
        19538 forks

pmap

显示进程1进程的内存映射表

[[email protected] Packages]# pmap 1
1:   /sbin/init
00007fa85b25f000     52K r-x--  /lib64/libnss_files-2.12.so
00007fa85b26c000   2044K -----  /lib64/libnss_files-2.12.so
00007fa85b46b000      4K r----  /lib64/libnss_files-2.12.so
00007fa85b46c000      4K rw---  /lib64/libnss_files-2.12.so
00007fa85b46d000   1576K r-x--  /lib64/libc-2.12.so
00007fa85b5f7000   2048K -----  /lib64/libc-2.12.so
00007fa85b7f7000     16K r----  /lib64/libc-2.12.so
00007fa85b7fb000      8K rw---  /lib64/libc-2.12.so
00007fa85b7fd000     16K rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85b801000     88K r-x--  /lib64/libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
00007fa85b817000   2044K -----  /lib64/libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
00007fa85ba16000      4K rw---  /lib64/libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
00007fa85ba17000     28K r-x--  /lib64/librt-2.12.so
00007fa85ba1e000   2044K -----  /lib64/librt-2.12.so
00007fa85bc1d000      4K r----  /lib64/librt-2.12.so
00007fa85bc1e000      4K rw---  /lib64/librt-2.12.so
00007fa85bc1f000     92K r-x--  /lib64/libpthread-2.12.so
00007fa85bc36000   2048K -----  /lib64/libpthread-2.12.so
00007fa85be36000      4K r----  /lib64/libpthread-2.12.so
00007fa85be37000      4K rw---  /lib64/libpthread-2.12.so
00007fa85be38000     16K rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85be3c000    256K r-x--  /lib64/libdbus-1.so.3.4.0
00007fa85be7c000   2044K -----  /lib64/libdbus-1.so.3.4.0
00007fa85c07b000      4K r----  /lib64/libdbus-1.so.3.4.0
00007fa85c07c000      4K rw---  /lib64/libdbus-1.so.3.4.0
00007fa85c07d000     36K r-x--  /lib64/libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c086000   2044K -----  /lib64/libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c285000      4K r----  /lib64/libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c286000      4K rw---  /lib64/libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c287000     96K r-x--  /lib64/libnih.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c29f000   2044K -----  /lib64/libnih.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c49e000      4K r----  /lib64/libnih.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c49f000      4K rw---  /lib64/libnih.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c4a0000    128K r-x--  /lib64/ld-2.12.so
00007fa85c6ac000     20K rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85c6be000      4K rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85c6bf000      4K r----  /lib64/ld-2.12.so
00007fa85c6c0000      4K rw---  /lib64/ld-2.12.so
00007fa85c6c1000      4K rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85c6c2000    140K r-x--  /sbin/init
00007fa85c8e4000      8K r----  /sbin/init
00007fa85c8e6000      4K rw---  /sbin/init
00007fa85d8d7000    244K rw---    [ anon ]
00007fff8e9b8000     84K rw---    [ stack ]
00007fff8e9d2000      4K r-x--    [ anon ]
ffffffffff600000      4K r-x--    [ anon ]
 total            19344K

扩展选项显示进程1进程的内存映射表

[[email protected] Packages]# pmap -x 1
1:   /sbin/init
Address           Kbytes     RSS   Dirty Mode   Mapping
00007fa85b25f000      52      20       0 r-x--  libnss_files-2.12.so
00007fa85b26c000    2044       0       0 -----  libnss_files-2.12.so
00007fa85b46b000       4       4       4 r----  libnss_files-2.12.so
00007fa85b46c000       4       4       4 rw---  libnss_files-2.12.so
00007fa85b46d000    1576     548       0 r-x--  libc-2.12.so
00007fa85b5f7000    2048       0       0 -----  libc-2.12.so
00007fa85b7f7000      16       8       8 r----  libc-2.12.so
00007fa85b7fb000       8       8       8 rw---  libc-2.12.so
00007fa85b7fd000      16      16      16 rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85b801000      88      16       0 r-x--  libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
00007fa85b817000    2044       0       0 -----  libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
00007fa85ba16000       4       0       0 rw---  libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1
00007fa85ba17000      28      20       0 r-x--  librt-2.12.so
00007fa85ba1e000    2044       0       0 -----  librt-2.12.so
00007fa85bc1d000       4       4       4 r----  librt-2.12.so
00007fa85bc1e000       4       0       0 rw---  librt-2.12.so
00007fa85bc1f000      92      56       0 r-x--  libpthread-2.12.so
00007fa85bc36000    2048       0       0 -----  libpthread-2.12.so
00007fa85be36000       4       4       4 r----  libpthread-2.12.so
00007fa85be37000       4       0       0 rw---  libpthread-2.12.so
00007fa85be38000      16       4       4 rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85be3c000     256     208       0 r-x--  libdbus-1.so.3.4.0
00007fa85be7c000    2044       0       0 -----  libdbus-1.so.3.4.0
00007fa85c07b000       4       4       4 r----  libdbus-1.so.3.4.0
00007fa85c07c000       4       4       4 rw---  libdbus-1.so.3.4.0
00007fa85c07d000      36      28       0 r-x--  libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c086000    2044       0       0 -----  libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c285000       4       0       0 r----  libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c286000       4       4       4 rw---  libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c287000      96      84       0 r-x--  libnih.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c29f000    2044       0       0 -----  libnih.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c49e000       4       4       4 r----  libnih.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c49f000       4       4       4 rw---  libnih.so.1.0.0
00007fa85c4a0000     128     112       0 r-x--  ld-2.12.so
00007fa85c6ac000      20       4       4 rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85c6be000       4       0       0 rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85c6bf000       4       4       4 r----  ld-2.12.so
00007fa85c6c0000       4       0       0 rw---  ld-2.12.so
00007fa85c6c1000       4       0       0 rw---    [ anon ]
00007fa85c6c2000     140      48       0 r-x--  init
00007fa85c8e4000       8       4       4 r----  init
00007fa85c8e6000       4       4       4 rw---  init
00007fa85d8d7000     244     160     160 rw---    [ anon ]
00007fff8e9b8000      84      12      12 rw---    [ stack ]
00007fff8e9d2000       4       4       0 r-x--    [ anon ]
ffffffffff600000       4       0       0 r-x--    [ anon ]
----------------  ------  ------  ------
total kB           19344    1404     260

glaces

查看glances包信息

[[email protected] ~]# yum info glances
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
Name        : glances
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 1.7.4
Release     : 1.el6
Size        : 534 k
Repo        : installed
Summary     : CLI curses based monitoring tool
URL         : https://github.com/nicolargo/glances
License     : GPLv3
Description : Glances is a CLI curses based monitoring tool for
            : both GNU/Linux and BSD.
            : 
            : Glances uses the PsUtil library to get information
            : from your system.
            : 
            : It is developed in Python.

恐怖

[[email protected] ~]# glances

                                   zz.com (CentOS 6.8 64bit / Linux 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64)                                   Uptime: 1 day, 16:56:11

CPU       4.2%                   Load   1-core   Mem    32.0%  active:    173M   Swap    0.0%
                                   zz.com (CentOS 6.8 64bit / Linux 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64)                                   Uptime: 1 day, 16:56:30

CPU       3.8%                   Load   1-core   Mem    32.0%  active:    173M   Swap    0.0%
                                   zz.com (CentOS 6.8 64bit / Linux 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64)                                   Uptime: 1 day, 16:56:46

CPU       4.4%                   Load   1-core   Mem    32.0%  active:    173M   Swap    0.0%
user:     2.2%  nice:     0.0%   1 min:   0.23   total:  489M  inactive:  196M   total: 4.00G
system:   2.2%  iowait:   0.0%   5 min:   0.08   used:   156M  buffers:  38.9M   used:    56K
idle:    95.6%  irq:      0.0%   15 min:  0.06   free:   333M  cached:    279M   free:  4.00G

Network    Rx/s    Tx/s   Tasks  117 (198 thr),  1 run, 116 slp,  0 oth  sorted automatically
eth1       560b    12Kb
lo           0b      0b    VIRT   RES  CPU%  MEM%   PID USER        NI S    TIME+ IOR/s IOW/s NAME
                           206M   12M   5.1   2.4 19954 root         0 R  0:06.62     0     0 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/glances
Disk I/O   In/s   Out/s     19M    1M   0.0   0.3     1 root         0 S  0:18.64     0     0 /sbin/init
sda1          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0     2 root         0 S  0:00.40     0     0 kthreadd
sda2          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0     3 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 migration/0
sda3          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0     4 root         0 S  1:41.87     0     0 ksoftirqd/0
sda4          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0     5 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 stopper/0
sda5          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0     6 root         0 S  0:35.81     0     0 watchdog/0
sda6          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0     7 root         0 S 12:47.40     0     0 events/0
sda7          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0     8 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 events/0
sda8          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0     9 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 events_long/0
sda9          0       0       0     0   0.0   0.0    10 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 events_power_ef
                              0     0   0.0   0.0    11 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 cgroup
Mount      Used   Total       0     0   0.0   0.0    12 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 khelper
/          340M   19.6G       0     0   0.0   0.0    13 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 netns
/boot     33.0M    190M       0     0   0.0   0.0    14 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 async/mgr
/home     22.1M   9.49G       0     0   0.0   0.0    15 root         0 S  0:00.00     0     0 pm
/tmp      11.8M   5.64G       0     0   0.0   0.0    16 root         0 S  0:11.70     0     0 sync_supers

Press ‘h‘ for help      

glaces使用C/S模式

服务器模式:
    glances -s -B 10.201.106.128

客户端模式:
    glances -c 10.201.106.128

dstat

dstat

[[email protected] ~]# dstat 
Terminal width too small, trimming output.
----total-cpu-usage---- -dsk/total- -net/total- ---paging-->
usr sys idl wai hiq siq| read  writ| recv  send|  in   out >
  0   0  99   0   0   0|3739B 2487B|   0     0 |   0     0 >
  1   0  99   0   0   0|   0     0 |  60B  714B|   0     0 >
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0     0 |  60B  314B|   0     0 >
  0   1  99   0   0   0|   0     0 |  60B  314B|   0     0 >^C

显示全部磁盘和sda信息

[[email protected] ~]# dstat -D total,sda
Terminal width too small, trimming output.
----total-cpu-usage---- -dsk/total----dsk/sda-- -net/total->
usr sys idl wai hiq siq| read  writ: read  writ| recv  send>
  0   0  99   0   0   0|3733B 2484B:3698B 2484B|   0     0 >
  0   1  99   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 | 120B  790B>
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 |  60B  314B>
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 |  60B  314B>
  1   0  99   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 |  60B  314B>
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 |  60B  314B>^C

显示CPU0和sda

[[email protected] ~]# dstat -D total,sda -C 0
Terminal width too small, trimming output.
-------cpu0-usage------ -dsk/total----dsk/sda-- -net/total->
usr sys idl wai hiq siq| read  writ: read  writ| recv  send>
  0   0  99   0   0   0|3731B 2482B:3696B 2482B|   0     0 >
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 | 120B  730B>
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 |  60B  314B>
  0   0 100   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 |  60B  314B>
  1   0  99   0   0   0|   0     0 :   0     0 |  60B  314B>^C

显示中断的统计数据

[[email protected] ~]# dstat -i
----interrupts---
  17    18    19 
   0     0     1 
   0     0     2 ^C

只显示负载

[[email protected] ~]# dstat -l
---load-avg---
 1m   5m  15m 
0.01 0.03 0.05
0.01 0.03 0.05
0.01 0.03 0.05

只显示网络和内存的相关信息

[[email protected] ~]# dstat -n
-net/total-
 recv  send
   0     0 
  60B  202B
  60B  154B^C
[[email protected] ~]# dstat -m
------memory-usage-----
 used  buff  cach  free
 152M 38.5M  278M 21.1M
 152M 38.5M  278M 21.1M

显示进程统计数据

[[email protected] ~]# dstat -p
---procs---
run blk new
  0   0 0.1
  0   0   0

swap相关的统计数据

[[email protected] ~]# dstat -s
----swap---
 used  free
  56k 4096M
  56k 4096M
  56k 4096M^C

时间输出

[[email protected] ~]# dstat -t
----system----
  date/time   
17-06 12:04:41
17-06 12:04:42
17-06 12:04:43^C

显示ipc(进程通信)的相关信息

[[email protected] ~]# 
[[email protected] ~]# dstat -ipc
----interrupts--- ---procs--- ----total-cpu-usage----
  17    18    19 |run blk new|usr sys idl wai hiq siq
   0     0     1 |  0   0 0.1|  0   0  99   0   0   0
   3     0     1 |  0   0   0|  0   0 100   0   0   0
   0     0     3 |  0   0   0|  0   0 100   0   0   0^C

显示TCP连接

[[email protected] ~]# dstat --tcp
----tcp-sockets----
lis act syn tim clo
 13   1   0   0   0
 13   1   0   0   0
 13   1   0   0   0

显示最消耗CPU的进程

[[email protected] ~]# dstat --top-cpu
-most-expensive-
  cpu process   
events/0     0.5

events/0     1.0

显示最消耗内存的进程

[[email protected] ~]# dstat --top-mem
--most-expensive-
  memory process 
mysqld      15.0M
mysqld      15.0M
mysqld      15.0M^C

显示延迟最大的进程

[[email protected] ~]# dstat --top-latency
--highest-total--
 latency process 
events/0     1671
pickup        289
events/0       57
events/0       50
events/0       53^C

kill

列出kill命令所能发出的信号

[[email protected] ~]# kill -l
 1) SIGHUP   2) SIGINT   3) SIGQUIT  4) SIGILL      5) SIGTRAP
 6) SIGABRT  7) SIGBUS   8) SIGFPE   9) SIGKILL    10) SIGUSR1
11) SIGSEGV 12) SIGUSR2 13) SIGPIPE 14) SIGALRM    15) SIGTERM
16) SIGSTKFLT   17) SIGCHLD 18) SIGCONT 19) SIGSTOP    20) SIGTSTP
21) SIGTTIN 22) SIGTTOU 23) SIGURG  24) SIGXCPU    25) SIGXFSZ
26) SIGVTALRM   27) SIGPROF 28) SIGWINCH    29) SIGIO      30) SIGPWR
31) SIGSYS  34) SIGRTMIN    35) SIGRTMIN+1  36) SIGRTMIN+2 37) SIGRTMIN+3
38) SIGRTMIN+4  39) SIGRTMIN+5  40) SIGRTMIN+6  41) SIGRTMIN+7 42) SIGRTMIN+8
43) SIGRTMIN+9  44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+1247) SIGRTMIN+13
48) SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-1352) SIGRTMAX-12
53) SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9  56) SIGRTMAX-8 57) SIGRTMAX-7
58) SIGRTMAX-6  59) SIGRTMAX-5  60) SIGRTMAX-4  61) SIGRTMAX-3 62) SIGRTMAX-2
63) SIGRTMAX-1  64) SIGRTMAX

启动http服务

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd

查看httpd服务状态

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-07-25 15:46:40 CST; 1min 38s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 15413 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─15413 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─15415 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─15416 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─15417 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─15418 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─15419 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Jul 25 15:46:07 qq systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Serv....
Jul 25 15:46:18 qq httpd[15413]: AH00557: httpd: apr_sockadd...q
Jul 25 15:46:18 qq httpd[15413]: AH00558: httpd: Could not r...e
Jul 25 15:46:40 qq systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

正常中止进程

[[email protected] ~]# kill -15 15416
[[email protected] ~]# kill -SIGTERM 15449
[[email protected] ~]# kill -TERM 15449

通过进程名杀死其相关所有进程

[[email protected] ~]# killall -15 httpd

无须关闭进程重新读取配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# killall -HUP httpd

作业

前台作业隐藏于后台,然后调出来

[[email protected] ~]# top
top - 14:00:24 up 1 day, 22:41,  2 users,  load average: 0.01, 
Tasks: 115 total,   1 running, 114 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 z
Cpu(s):  2.7%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni, 97.3%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  
Mem:    500920k total,   483208k used,    17712k free,    38156
Swap:  4194300k total,       56k used,  4194244k free,   295284

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+ 
21479 root      20   0 15032 1208  924 R  2.7  0.2   0:00.10
    1 root      20   0 19344 1404 1144 S  0.0  0.3   0:19.13
    2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.04
    3 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
    4 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   1:42.17
    5 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
    6 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:35.88
    7 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0  13:11.72
    8 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
    9 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
   10 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
   11 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
   12 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
   13 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
   14 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
   15 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
   16 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:11.25
   17 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:14.65
   18 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00

[1]+  Stopped                 top

[[email protected] ~]# fg
top
top - 14:01:08 up 1 day, 22:42,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 
Tasks: 115 total,   1 running, 114 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 z
Cpu(s):  0.0%us,  0.0%sy,  0.0%ni, 99.7%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  
Mem:    500920k total,   483496k used,    17424k free,    38172
Swap:  4194300k total,       56k used,  4194244k free,   295288

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+ 
        1 root      20   0 19344 1404 1144 S  0.0  0.3   0:19.13
        2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.04
        3 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
        4 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   1:42.17
        5 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
        6 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:35.88
        7 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0  13:11.76
        8 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
        9 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
       10 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
       11 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
       12 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
       13 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00
       14 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00

查看当前有多少作业

[[email protected] tmp]# 
[[email protected] tmp]# jobs
[1]   Stopped                 vim fstab
[2]-  Stopped                 htop
[3]+  Stopped                 dstat

nice调整进程优先级

[[email protected] tmp]# nice -n 5 htop

[3]+  Stopped                 nice -n 5 htop
[[email protected] tmp]# ps axo pid,comm,ni | grep htop
21524 htop              0
21602 htop              5
[[email protected] tmp]# 

对已经运行的进程更改nice值

[[email protected] tmp]# renice -n 2 21602
21602: old priority 5, new priority 2

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