使用树莓派搭建K8S集群（ARM64架构，附安装脚本）

Posted 2023-04-12 NaclChan

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为了能够更好的学习K8S，王道还是得自己动手

在虚拟机上玩K8S，没啥感觉。决定挑战自己，然后买了6个树莓派，在真实的硬件上从零开始搭建部署K8S。以下内容在自己的树莓派集群上经过充分验证，没毛病。成品如下图：

树莓派供电用的是带POE功能的交换机，每一个树莓派都配备了POE HAT（可淘宝搜索，100左右一只）

废话不多说，直接上干货

1. 各树莓派节点的规划设计：

2. 各节点基本情况：

3. 首先选择一个节点当做load balance，我这里选择的是piW3节点。这个节点后续还会承担harbor镜像库、nfs服务器等职责，为搭建CICD做准备。说白了，piW3就是个集中存储区

#切换root用户,在每一个节点安装之前，手动切换为su用户
#sudo su - 

#首先设置echo输出的各种颜色和格式
COLOR_START='echo -e \\033[35;49m'
COLOR_END='\\033[0m'

$COLOR_START"安装nginx"$COLOR_END
apt install nginx -y

cd /etc/nginx
$COLOR_START"配置Nginx"$COLOR_END
nano nginx.conf

stream 
    include stream.conf;


$COLOR_START"增加新内容，这三台的IP就是我们的三台master的IP，端口都设置了6443"$COLOR_END
nano stream.conf
upstream k8s-apiserver 
    server 192.168.3.101:6443;
    server 192.168.3.102:6443;
    server 192.168.3.103:6443;



$COLOR_START"检查Nginx"$COLOR_END
nginx -t

$COLOR_START"重启Nginx"$COLOR_END
systemctl restart nginx

$COLOR_START"删除文件夹，防止Nginx报错"$COLOR_END
cd sites-enabled
rm -rf default

$COLOR_START"重启Nginx"$COLOR_END
systemctl restart nginx

$COLOR_START"查看Nginx运行状态"$COLOR_END
ps -ef | grep nginx

4. 在主控节点上部署K8S，我这里选择的是piM1。piM1在集群中除了承担主节点的职责以外，还安装了NAT，方便进行外网穿梭。在外面的时候，也能方便的访问集群。NAT我选的是花生壳，自己申请了域名（NAT教程网上很多，自行搜索）

#切换root用户,在每一个节点安装之前，手动切换为su用户
#sudo su - 

#首先设置echo输出的各种颜色和格式
COLOR_START='echo -e \\033[35;49m'
COLOR_END='\\033[0m'

$COLOR_START"更新软件源，全部切换为阿里云"$COLOR_END
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse 
EOF

$COLOR_START"检查更新及安装更新"$COLOR_END
apt update
apt upgrade -y

$COLOR_START"安装语言包"$COLOR_END
apt-get install language-pack-en
apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans

$COLOR_START"设置HOST的模板文件"$COLOR_END
cat >> /etc/cloud/templates/hosts.debian.tmpl <<EOF
192.168.3.101 piM1
192.168.3.102 piM2
192.168.3.103 piM3
192.168.3.111 piW1
192.168.3.112 piW2
192.168.3.113 piW3
EOF

$COLOR_START"关闭SWAP"$COLOR_END
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\\(.*\\)$/#\\1/g' /etc/fstab

$COLOR_START"添加加载的内核模块"$COLOR_END
tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf<<EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

$COLOR_START"加载内核模块"$COLOR_END
modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

$COLOR_START"设置并应用内核参数"$COLOR_END
tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf<<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sysctl --system

$COLOR_START"curl gnupg2 software-properties-common apt-transport-https ca-certificates"$COLOR_END
apt install -y curl gnupg2 software-properties-common apt-transport-https ca-certificates

$COLOR_START"安装GPG证书"$COLOR_END
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg |  apt-key add -

$COLOR_START"写入软件源信息并更新"$COLOR_END
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=arm64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
apt update

$COLOR_START"安装containerd"$COLOR_END
apt install -y containerd.io

$COLOR_START"生成containetd的配置文件"$COLOR_END
#结果数据全部丢弃（重定向到空文件），2>&1代表错误信息输出到标准输出上
containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml >/dev/null 2>&1

$COLOR_START"修改cgroup Driver为systemd"$COLOR_END
sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \\= false/SystemdCgroup \\= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

$COLOR_START"将镜像源设置为阿里云 google_containers 镜像源"$COLOR_END
sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io/registry.aliyuncs.com\\/google_containers/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

$COLOR_START"containerd重启及服务永久启动"$COLOR_END
systemctl restart containerd
systemctl enable containerd

$COLOR_START"添加apt-key"$COLOR_END
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -

$COLOR_START"添加Kubernetes的apt源为阿里云的源并更新"$COLOR_END
#将xenial修改为了jammy，jammy的版本还不成熟，又改回了xenial
apt-add-repository "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"
apt update

$COLOR_START"安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl"$COLOR_END
apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
kubeadm version

$COLOR_START"开启路由功能"$COLOR_END
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

$COLOR_START"初始化kubernetes，指定版本号为最新版1.25.2，192.168.3.113为k8s-lb-nginx负载均衡机器的IP"$COLOR_END
kubeadm init \\
--kubernetes-version=v1.25.2  \\
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --v=5 \\
--control-plane-endpoint "192.168.3.113:6443" \\
--upload-certs \\
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \\
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

$COLOR_START"设置K8S"$COLOR_END
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

$COLOR_START"导出K8S设置"$COLOR_END
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

$COLOR_START"查看K8S安装信息"$COLOR_END
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get nodes

reboot

$COLOR_START"所有节点全部安装完毕后，再进行验证"$COLOR_END
kubectl create deployment demoapp --image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/raymond9/demoapp:v1.0 --replicas=3

5. 在另外两个次主控节点上部署K8S，我选择了piM2，piM3作为次主控节点。脚本如下

#切换root用户,在每一个节点安装之前，手动切换为su用户
#sudo su - 

#首先设置echo输出的各种颜色和格式
COLOR_START='echo -e \\033[35;49m'
COLOR_END='\\033[0m'

$COLOR_START"更新软件源，全部切换为阿里云"$COLOR_END
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse 
EOF

$COLOR_START"检查更新及安装更新"$COLOR_END
apt update
apt upgrade -y

$COLOR_START"安装语言包"$COLOR_END
apt-get install language-pack-en
apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans

$COLOR_START"设置HOST的模板文件"$COLOR_END
cat >> /etc/cloud/templates/hosts.debian.tmpl <<EOF
192.168.3.101 piM1
192.168.3.102 piM2
192.168.3.103 piM3
192.168.3.111 piW1
192.168.3.112 piW2
192.168.3.113 piW3
EOF

$COLOR_START"关闭SWAP"$COLOR_END
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\\(.*\\)$/#\\1/g' /etc/fstab

$COLOR_START"添加加载的内核模块"$COLOR_END
tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf<<EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

$COLOR_START"加载内核模块"$COLOR_END
modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

$COLOR_START"设置并应用内核参数"$COLOR_END
tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf<<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sysctl --system

$COLOR_START"curl gnupg2 software-properties-common apt-transport-https ca-certificates"$COLOR_END
apt install -y curl gnupg2 software-properties-common apt-transport-https ca-certificates

$COLOR_START"安装GPG证书"$COLOR_END
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg |  apt-key add -

$COLOR_START"写入软件源信息并更新"$COLOR_END
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=arm64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
apt update

$COLOR_START"安装containerd"$COLOR_END
apt install -y containerd.io

$COLOR_START"生成containetd的配置文件"$COLOR_END
#结果数据全部丢弃（重定向到空文件），2>&1代表错误信息输出到标准输出上
containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml >/dev/null 2>&1

$COLOR_START"修改cgroup Driver为systemd"$COLOR_END
sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \\= false/SystemdCgroup \\= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

$COLOR_START"将镜像源设置为阿里云 google_containers 镜像源"$COLOR_END
sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io/registry.aliyuncs.com\\/google_containers/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

$COLOR_START"containerd重启及服务永久启动"$COLOR_END
systemctl restart containerd
systemctl enable containerd

$COLOR_START"添加apt-key"$COLOR_END
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -

$COLOR_START"添加Kubernetes的apt源为阿里云的源并更新"$COLOR_END
#将xenial修改为了jammy，jammy的版本还不成熟，又改回了xenial
apt-add-repository "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"
apt update

$COLOR_START"安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl"$COLOR_END
apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
kubeadm version

$COLOR_START"开启路由功能"$COLOR_END
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

$COLOR_START"加入K8S主节点"$COLOR_END
#在piM1部署完毕后，会给出token的值，下面的这一大串，改成你自己的token就OK了
  kubeadm join 192.168.3.113:6443 --token 3sg1n6.fmfhugf6vvkmlamm \\
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6fc40306eec524a911a38983228bd2ec6e969a590da1a99827153279aaff7cf3 \\
        --control-plane --certificate-key a9f3c1bb90e3cddd5c27d6669b76d8f6d06130851cd0430453187aeecb2aaa67

$COLOR_START"修改K8S配置"$COLOR_END
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

reboot

6. 在所有的node节点上部署K8S，我选择的是piW1，piW2，piW3。脚本如下：

#切换root用户,在每一个节点安装之前，手动切换为su用户
#sudo su - 

#首先设置echo输出的各种颜色和格式
COLOR_START='echo -e \\033[35;49m'
COLOR_END='\\033[0m'

$COLOR_START"更新软件源，全部切换为阿里云"$COLOR_END
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse 
EOF

$COLOR_START"检查更新及安装更新"$COLOR_END
apt update
apt upgrade -y

$COLOR_START"安装语言包"$COLOR_END
apt-get install language-pack-en
apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans

$COLOR_START"设置HOST的模板文件"$COLOR_END
cat >> /etc/cloud/templates/hosts.debian.tmpl <<EOF
192.168.3.101 piM1
192.168.3.102 piM2
192.168.3.103 piM3
192.168.3.111 piW1
192.168.3.112 piW2
192.168.3.113 piW3
EOF

$COLOR_START"关闭SWAP"$COLOR_END
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\\(.*\\)$/#\\1/g' /etc/fstab

$COLOR_START"添加加载的内核模块"$COLOR_END
tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf<<EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

$COLOR_START"加载内核模块"$COLOR_END
modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

$COLOR_START"设置并应用内核参数"$COLOR_END
tee /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf<<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sysctl --system

$COLOR_START"curl gnupg2 software-properties-common apt-transport-https ca-certificates"$COLOR_END
apt install -y curl gnupg2 software-properties-common apt-transport-https ca-certificates

$COLOR_START"安装GPG证书"$COLOR_END
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg |  apt-key add -

$COLOR_START"写入软件源信息并更新"$COLOR_END
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=arm64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
apt update

$COLOR_START"安装containerd"$COLOR_END
apt install -y containerd.io

$COLOR_START"生成containetd的配置文件"$COLOR_END
#结果数据全部丢弃（重定向到空文件），2>&1代表错误信息输出到标准输出上
containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml >/dev/null 2>&1

$COLOR_START"修改cgroup Driver为systemd"$COLOR_END
sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \\= false/SystemdCgroup \\= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

$COLOR_START"将镜像源设置为阿里云 google_containers 镜像源"$COLOR_END
sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io/registry.aliyuncs.com\\/google_containers/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

$COLOR_START"containerd重启及服务永久启动"$COLOR_END
systemctl restart containerd
systemctl enable containerd

$COLOR_START"添加apt-key"$COLOR_END
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -

$COLOR_START"添加Kubernetes的apt源为阿里云的源并更新"$COLOR_END
#将xenial修改为了jammy，jammy的版本还不成熟，又改回了xenial
apt-add-repository "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"
apt update

$COLOR_START"安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl"$COLOR_END
apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
kubeadm version

$COLOR_START"开启路由功能"$COLOR_END
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

$COLOR_START"加入K8S节点"$COLOR_END
#替换成自己主控节点的token就可以了
kubeadm join 192.168.3.113:6443 --token 3sg1n6.fmfhugf6vvkmlamm \\
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6fc40306eec524a911a38983228bd2ec6e969a590da1a99827153279aaff7cf3

reboot

7. 部署集群CNI

现在执行命令kubectl get node -A显示节点状态为NotReady，因为网络还没准备好。

在主控节点上部署CNI网络插件

#安装calico网络插件
kubectl apply -f "https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml"

8. 验证部署结果

用树莓派3B+做一个智能音箱

项目地址

1.安装Docker

安装Docker的官方文档

Docker Engine 在x86_64（或amd64）armhf、和arm64架构上受支持

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