Nginx杂记
Posted
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了Nginx杂记相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
nginx反向代理
反向代理实验
1、准备node1,node2两台节点,node1反向至node2,node2配置wed服务
2、node2启动web服务
3、配置node1的nginx反向代理
3.1 备份配置文件
[[email protected] nginx]# cd conf.d/
[[email protected] conf.d]# cp default.conf{,.bak}
3.2 node1配置反向代理至后端服务器
[[email protected] conf.d]# vim default.conf
location / {
#root /usr/share/nginx/html;
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22/;
3.3 重载nginx服务
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx configtest
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx reload
Reloading nginx: [ OK ]
3.4 测试访问http://10.201.106.21能够成功跳转至node2的网页
3.5 查看node2访问日志,记录的是Client的IP
[[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /var/log/httpd/access_log
10.201.106.1 - - [12/Dec/2016:00:10:31 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 288 "http://10.201.106.22/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.106 Safari/537.36"
4、只代理某个请求
4.1 node2节点配置新的网站目录
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[[email protected] html]# ls
index.html
[[email protected] html]# mkdir bbs
[[email protected] html]# vim bbs/index.html
<h1>bbs on node2</h1>
4.2 node1配置反向代理
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
# example
#ModSecurityEnabled on;
#ModSecurityConfig /etc/nginx/modsecurity.conf;
}
location /bbs/ {
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22/bbs/;
}
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx reload
Reloading nginx: [ OK ]
4.3 访问http://10.201.106.21/bbs/能够跳转到node2的界面
4.4 测试将node1的反向配置,前端改成错误的后再测试
location /qqq/ {
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22/bbs/;
}
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx reload
Reloading nginx: [ OK ]
测试:http://10.201.106.21/qqq/
可以访问到node2的bbs页面
实际是node1请求的
[[email protected] html]# tail -1 /var/log/httpd/access_log
10.201.106.21 - - [12/Dec/2016:02:10:01 +0800] "GET /bbs/ HTTP/1.0" 200 22 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.106 Safari/537.36"
4.5 只有前端,没有后端测试
location /forum/ {
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22/;
}
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx reload
Reloading nginx: [ OK ]
测试后跳转到主页了,这也是一个URL
4.6 匹配后缀名,跳转
location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif)$ {
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22;
}
语法检查:
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx configtest
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] conf.d]#
重载服务
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx reload
Reloading nginx: [ OK ]
[[email protected] conf.d]#
上传图片到node2节点
访问:http://10.201.106.21/bg.jpg可以访问到node2的图片
4.7 放到目录下的图片访问
上传图片到node2节点;
[[email protected] html]# mkdir images
[[email protected] html]# cd images/
[[email protected] images]# ls
2.jpg
[[email protected] images]#
访问测试,可以看到图片
http://10.201.106.21/images/2.jpg
4.8 修改后端路径,期望放到/images下
location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif)$ {
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22/images/;
}
第一种例外
语法错误,模式匹配,后面就不能再跟上URL,连/也不能加
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx configtest
nginx: [emerg] "proxy_pass" cannot have URI part in location given by regular expression, or inside named location, or inside "if" statement, or inside "limit_except" block in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:25
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
[[email protected] conf.d]#
4.9 第二种例外,location如果有重写,重写后的结果
发送到后端的值,向后端发送特定首部
1、反向服务器将客户端真实IP发送给node2网站服务器
1.1 node1 配置
[[email protected] conf.d]# vim default.conf
location /forum/ {
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22/;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif)$ {
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
1.2 服务重载
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx configtest
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] conf.d]#
[[email protected] conf.d]# service nginx reload
Reloading nginx: [ OK ]
[[email protected] conf.d]#
1.3 定义node2后端服务器的日志格式
记录日志首部的值
[[email protected] images]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
重启服务
[[email protected] images]# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
[[email protected] images]#
1.4 更改日志格式后,相比前两条,最后两条的访问日志记录已经变成真正的客户端主机IP了
10.201.106.21 - - [12/Dec/2016:06:57:21 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.106 Safari/537.36"
10.201.106.21 - - [12/Dec/2016:06:57:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.106 Safari/537.36"
10.201.106.1 - - [12/Dec/2016:07:05:37 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.106 Safari/537.36"
10.201.106.1 - - [12/Dec/2016:07:05:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.106 Safari/537.36"
[[email protected] images]#
Nginx缓存
1、定义node1节点缓存配置,1条命令
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[[email protected] nginx]# vim nginx.conf
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
proxy_cache_path /cache/nginx/ levels=1:1 keys_zone=mycache:32m;
sendfile on;
创建缓存目录,修改权限
[[email protected] nginx]# mkdir -pv /cache/nginx
mkdir: created directory `/cache‘
mkdir: created directory `/cache/nginx‘
[[email protected] nginx]# chown -R nginx:nginx /cache/nginx/
[[email protected] nginx]#
2、调用缓存
[[email protected] nginx]# vim conf.d/default.conf
location /forum/ {
proxy_cache mycache; 调用缓存区域
proxy_cache_valid 200 1d; 200的缓存一天
proxy_cache_valid 301 302 10m; 301缓存10分钟
proxy_cache_valid any 1m; 其他缓存1分钟
proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504; 如果有这些情况,使用旧缓存
proxy_pass http://10.201.106.22/;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
3、重载服务
[[email protected] nginx]# service nginx configtest
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] nginx]#
[[email protected] nginx]#
[[email protected] nginx]# service nginx reload
Reloading nginx: [ OK ]
[[email protected] nginx]#
4、测试
访问网页后,相应缓存目录有产生文件
[[email protected] nginx]# cd /cache/nginx/
[[email protected] nginx]# ls
[[email protected] nginx]# ls
c
[[email protected] nginx]# ls
7 c
[[email protected] nginx]# ls -lht
total 8.0K
drwx------ 3 nginx nginx 4.0K Nov 24 11:21 7
drwx------ 3 nginx nginx 4.0K Nov 24 11:21 c
[[email protected] nginx]# cd 7
[[email protected] 7]# ls
c
[[email protected] 7]# cd c
[[email protected] c]# ls
99cd97b13b9069e769098b964e66bbc7
[[email protected] c]# ls -lht
total 12K
-rw------- 1 nginx nginx 8.4K Nov 24 11:21 99cd97b13b9069e769098b964e66bbc7
[[email protected] c]#
缓存后,
Nginx负载均衡
1、关闭缓存
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#proxy_cache_path /cache/nginx/ levels=1:1 keys_zone=mycache:32m;
2、定义第三个节点的网页
[[email protected] ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.htm
<h1>nginx on node3</h1>
3、编辑前端配置
全局配置
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
upstream upservers {
server 10.201.106.22;
server 10.201.106.130;
}
web配置
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
location /forum/ {
proxy_pass http://upservers/;
}
4、 访问http://10.201.106.21/forum/已经可以在两个节点中切换
5、修改负载后端的某台主机权重
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
upstream upservers {
server 10.201.106.22; weight=2;
server 10.201.106.130;
}
6、访问网页,22访问2次,130才访问一次
7、
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
upstream upservers {
ip_hash;
server 10.201.106.22 weight=2;
server 10.201.106.130;
}
8、
upstream upservers {
server 10.201.106.22 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1;
server 10.201.106.130 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1;
}
将其中一个节点关系服务
[[email protected] ~]# service httpd stop
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
测试后:只会在好的节点访问了
重新打开服务后,又能在两个节点间切换了;
9、标记为备用节点
upstream upservers {
server 10.201.106.22 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1;
server 10.201.106.130 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=1 backup;
}
10、
以上是关于Nginx杂记的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章