12.6 Nginx安装;12.7 Nginx默认虚拟主机;12.8 Nginx用户认证;12.9
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扩展:
nginx.conf 配置详解 :
http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880
nginx rewrite四种flag :
http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html
http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943
12.6 Nginx安装
1. 进入下载安装包目录:
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
2. 下载nginx安装包:
[[email protected] src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
3. 解包解压nginx安装包:
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
4. 进入解压nginx目录下:
[[email protected] src]# cd nginx-1.12.1
5. 编译nginx:
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
6. make和make install:
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# make && make install
7. 在/etc/init.d/目录下,创建nginx启动脚本,并写入内容:
https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
写入内容如下:
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start()
{
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop()
{
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload()
{
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart()
{
stop
start
}
configtest()
{
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
8. 给nginx(启动脚本) 设定755权限:
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
9. 添加 nginx服务 到服务列表:
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig --add nginx
10. 设定 nginx服务 开机启动:
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig nginx on
11. 进入...conf目录下:
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
12. 把...conf目录下的nginx.conf文件重命名:
[[email protected] conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.1
13. 在...conf目录下,创建新的nginx.conf文件,并写入内容:
https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf
[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
写入内容如下:
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
' $host "$request_uri" $status'
' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
location ~ \.php$
{
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}
14. 检测nginx配置文件是否有错?
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
15. 启动nginx服务:
[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
16. 搜索nginx服务是否启动?
[[email protected] conf]# ps aux |grep nginx
17. 创建一个1.php测试文件:
[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php
写入内容如下:
<?php
echo "This is nginx test page.";
18. curl访问localhost域名下的1.php测试文件:
[[email protected] conf]# curl localhost/1.php
12.7 Nginx默认虚拟主机
1. 编辑nginx.conf配置文件:
[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
删掉黄框中内容:
写入一行内容:
include vhost/*.conf;
2. 在当前目录下,创建vhost目录:
[[email protected] conf]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
3. 进入...vhost目录下:
[[email protected] conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
4. 在当前...vhost目录,创建一个aaa.com.conf文件,并写入内容:
[[email protected] vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/aaa.com.conf
写入内容:
server
{
listen 80 default_server;
server_name aaa.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/default;
}
5. 创建default目录:
(如果根目录下,没有/data/wwwroot/目录,需自行创建即可)
[[email protected] vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/default
6. 进入...default目录下:
[[email protected] vhost]# cd /data/wwwroot/default/
7. 在当前...default目录下,创建一个index.html文件,并写入内容:
[[email protected] default]# vim index.html
写入内容:
This is the default site.
8. 检测nginx配置文件是否有错?
[[email protected] default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
9. 重新加载nginx配置文件(非重启!):
[[email protected] default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
10. 测试curl访问设定的默认虚拟主机主域名aaa.com:
[[email protected] default]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 aaa.com
11. 测试curl访问非默认虚拟主机的主域名111.com:
(访问111.com,跳转到了默认虚拟主机的主域名aaa.com上)
[[email protected] default]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 111.com
12.8 Nginx用户认证
网站主页面(根目录)访问受限(需用户认证)
1. 进入...vhost目录下:
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/
2. 在当前...vhost目录下,创建一个index.html文件,并写入内容:
[[email protected] vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
写入内容:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
location /
{
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
}
}
3. yum安装的apache:直接用htpasswd命令,创建nginx用户名密码! (没有安装apache,用yum安装httpd也可以!yum install httpd)
(从创建第二个,不要-c参数,要不会把之前创建用户名的全部覆盖!!!)
[[email protected] vhost]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd hao
4. 编译安装的apache:需用htpasswd命令的绝对路径执行,创建nginx用户名密码!创建(从创建第二个,不要-c参数,要不会把之前创建用户名的全部覆盖!!!)
[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd hao
5. 查看nginx存放用户密码的htpasswd文件内容:
[[email protected] vhost]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd
6. 创建nginx第二个用户(切记htpasswd 后面不要跟-c):
(从创建第二个,不要-c参数,要不会把之前创建用户名的全部覆盖!!!)
[[email protected] vhost]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd hao1
7. 再次查看nginx存放用户密码的htpasswd文件内容:
[[email protected] vhost]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd
8. 检测nginx配置文件是否有错?
[[email protected] default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
9. 重新加载nginx配置文件(非重启!):
[[email protected] default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
10. 在/data/wwwroot/目录下,创建test.com虚拟主机网站目录:
[[email protected] vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com/
11. 在...test.com目录下,创建index.html文件,并把" "里的内容,重定向到此文件中:
[[email protected] vhost]# echo "test.com" > /data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html
12. curl 访问test.com网站,提示401,原因没有用户名密码授权!
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I
13. curl -u指定用户名:密码 访问test.com网站:
(访问到了网站内容;表示用户认证成功,访问通)
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -uhao:admin -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com
网站根目录下,指定子目录访问受限(需用户认证)
1. 在/data/wwwroot/test.com网站目录下,创建admin目录:
[[email protected] vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin/
2. 在...admin目录下,创建index.html文件,并把" "里的内容,重定向到此文件中:
[[email protected] vhost]# echo "admin mulu" > /data/wwwroot/test.com/admin/index.html
3. 编辑test.com虚拟主机配置文件:
[[email protected] vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
编辑内容(指定认证目录为:根目录下的admin/目录):
location /admin/
4. 检测nginx配置文件是否有错?
[[email protected] default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
5. 重新加载nginx配置文件(非重启!):
[[email protected] default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
6. curl 访问test.com/admin/目录,提示401,原因没有用户名密码授权!
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/ -I
7. curl -u指定用户名:密码 访问test.com/admin/目录:
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -uhao:admin -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin/
8. 根目录没有设定认证,现在curl不指定用户名密码直接可以访问test.com网站:
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I
12.9 Nginx域名重定向
1. 编辑test.com虚拟主机配置文件:
[[email protected] vhost]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf
重新写入内容:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
if ($host != 'test.com') {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
}
}
2. 检测nginx配置文件是否有错?
[[email protected] default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
3. 重新加载nginx配置文件(非重启!):
[[email protected] default]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
4. curl 访问副域名test2.com,跳转到了主域名,状态码是301:
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test2.com -I
5. curl 访问副域名test3.com,跳转到了主域名,状态码是301:
[[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test3.com -I
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