2018-03-05 阿铭Linux学习
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7.1 安装包的三种方法
rpm 工具
类似Windows exe安装包,安装有固定的路径
软件依赖包需要手动依次安装
Redhat公司开发
yum
使用python 开发的
自动安装依赖包
在线安装,最方便
源码包
先编译在安装
7.2 rpm包介绍
设置光驱并挂载安装镜像文件
rpm包格式,报名、版本号、发布版本号、平台
rpm -ivh rpm包文件 //安装
rpm -Uvh rpm包文件 //升级
rpm -e 包名 //卸载
rpm -qa //查询安装的包
rpm -q 包名 //查询指定包是否安装
rpm -qi 包名 //查询指定包信息
rpm -ql 包名 //列出包安装的文件
rpm -qf 文件绝对路径 //查看一个文件是由哪个包安装的
um-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-9.el7.noarch.rpm
zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.i686.rpm
zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
7.3 rpm工具使用方法
[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh zsh-html-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:zsh-html-5.0.2-28.el7 ################################# [100%]
[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -e zsh-html-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64
[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -q tree
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64
[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qi tree
Name : tree
Version : 1.6.0
Release : 10.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2018年03月01日 星期四 03时31分46秒
Group : Applications/File
Size : 89505
License : GPLv2+
Signature : RSA/SHA256, 2014年07月04日 星期五 13时36分46秒, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.src.rpm
Build Date : 2014年06月10日 星期二 03时28分53秒
Build Host : worker1.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor : CentOS
URL : http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/
Summary : File system tree viewer
Description :
The tree utility recursively displays the contents of directories in a
tree-like format. Tree is basically a UNIX port of the DOS tree
utility.
[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ql tree
/usr/bin/tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/vim
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64
[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qf `which cd`
bash-4.2.46-28.el7.x86_64
依赖包
[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh texlive-2012-38.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64.rpm
错误:依赖检测失败:
texlive-scheme-basic 被 texlive-2:2012-38.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64 需要
texlive-collection-latexrecommended 被 texlive-2:2012-38.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64 需要
tex-kpathsea 被 texlive-2:2012-38.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64 需要
tex-tetex 被 texlive-2:2012-38.20130427_r30134.el7.x86_64 需要
7.4 yum 工具用法
yum list //列出可用rpm包
ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
yum search vim //搜索包
yum install [-y]
yum grouplist
yum groupinstall [-y]
yum remove [-y]
yum update [-y]
yum provides "/*/vim"
[[email protected] Packages]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[[email protected] Packages]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[[email protected] Packages]# yum grouplist
已加载插件:fastestmirror
没有安装组信息文件
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
可用的环境分组:
最小安装
基础设施服务器
计算节点
文件及打印服务器
基本网页服务器
虚拟化主机
带 GUI 的服务器
GNOME 桌面
KDE Plasma Workspaces
开发及生成工作站
可用组:
传统 UNIX 兼容性
兼容性程序库
图形管理工具
安全性工具
开发工具
控制台互联网工具
智能卡支持
科学记数法支持
系统管理
系统管理工具
完成
7.5 yum 搭建本地仓库
挂载镜像到/mnt 目录
cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bac
rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo //内容如下
[dvd]
name=install dvd
baseurl=file:///mnt
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
yum clean all
yum list
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