84.LAMP的apache用户认证,域名跳转，日志文件

Posted 2020-10-26

apache用户认证

PS：其实没有....用处的。。。

命令描述

htpasswd命令是Apache的Web服务器内置工具，用于创建和更新储存用户名、域和用户基本认证的密码文件。

命令语法

htpasswd [option] [参数]

命令选项

-c：=create，创建一个加密文件
-n：不更新加密文件，只将更新后的用户名密码显示在屏幕上
-m：使用MD5算法对密码进行加密（默认）
-d：使用CRYPT算法对密码进行加密
-p：不对密码进行加密，即明文密码
-s：使用SHA算法对密码进行加密
-b：在命令行一并输入用户名和密码，而不是根据提示输入密码
-D：删除指定用户

步骤如下

1，编辑虚拟主机配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/www/sdw.com"
ServerName sdw.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
<Directory /data/www/sdw.com> //指定认证的目录
AllowOverride AuthConfig //这个相当于打开认证的开关
AuthName "sdw.com user auth" //自定义认证的名字，作用不大
AuthType Basic //认证的类型，一般为Basic
AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd //指定密码文件所在位置
require valid-user //指定需要认证的用户为全部可用用户
</Directory>
ErrorLog "logs/111.com-error_logo"
CustomLog "logs/111.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

PS:在配置的时候最好把说明去除，以防报错

2，创建“httpd-vhosts.conf”中指定的密码文件

[[email protected] wwwroot]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c -m /data/.htpasswd dl
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user dl
[[email protected] wwwroot]# cat /data/.htpasswd
dl:$apr1$QaOr7opI$AfAGBv1/utJws62.S/sbl.

PS：在“/data/.htpasswd”为用户dl创建一个使用MD5算法加密的密码文件。

3，重新加载

[[email protected] wwwroot]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] wwwroot]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful

---

4，测试

使用curl进行测试
[[email protected] ~]# curl -x192.168.0.168:80 sdw.com
HTTP/1.1 401 Authorization Required //说明：因为生成了密码，所以在不指定用户名和密码的情况下会报401错误
Date: Wed, 20 Dec 2017 14:48:52 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.34 (Unix) DAV/2 php/5.6.30
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="sdw.com user auth"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

---

域名跳转

描述

域名跳转类似于将网页重新指向另一个网站，但区别是域名跳转会将域名本身重新指向网站，而不使用HTML或脚本来进行重新指向。当域名被设置为跳转至另一网站，域名的地址将不会保留在浏览器的URL栏中，该栏显示的会是新页面的URL。如果您希望保留该栏中的URL，则需要使用隐形跳转。
把www.sdw.com 跳转到 sdw.com上

1.修改配置文件

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot "/data/www/sdw.com"
ServerName sdw.com
ServerAlias www.sdw.com
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
#//需要mod_rewrite模块支持
RewriteEngine on

//打开rewrite功能

    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^sdw.com$

#//定义rewrite的条件，主机名（域名）不是www.123.com满足条件
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://sdw.com/$1 [R=301,L]
#//定义rewrite规则，当满足上面的条件时，这条规则才会执行
</IfModule>
<Directory /data/www/sdw.com>
AllowOverride AuthConfig
AuthName "123.com user auth"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd
require valid-user
</Directory>
ErrorLog "logs/sdw.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/sdw.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

2.修改配置

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so //去掉#，以启用这个模块

3.测试结果

[[email protected] ~]# curl -x 192.168.0.168:80 www.sdw.com -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2018 15:11:58 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Unix) PHP/5.6.30
Location: http://sdw.com/
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

---

apache日志文件

通过优化 可以更加方便进行查询日志

1、Apache访问日志所在位置：

[[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2/logs/
123test-access_log  abstest-error_log                   dummy-host2.example.com-error_log  error_log
123test-error_log   access_log                          dummy-host.example.com-access_log  httpd.pid
abctest-access_log  dummy-host2.example.com-access_log  dummy-host.example.com-error_log
[[email protected] ~]#cat  /usr/local/apache2/logs/123test-access_log     //common格式日志
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:06:28 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://linuxtestbak.com/ HTTP/1.1" 301 -
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:07:51 +0800] "GET HTTP://linuxtest.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 28
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:09:05 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://www.linuxtestbak.com/ HTTP/1.1" 301 -
192.168.204.1 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:10:55 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 28
192.168.204.1 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:11:08 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 28

2、查看日志格式

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf      //搜索LogFormat

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
说明：combined和common两种格式，默认使用common格式。

## 3、更改日志的格式为combined
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

    ErrorLog "logs/123test-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/123test-access_log" combined

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
## 4，做一些访问操作之后，再查看日志。
[[email protected] ~]#  /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful

[[email protected] ~]# cat  /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/123test-access_log 
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:06:28 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://linuxtestbak.com/ HTTP/1.1" 301 -
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:07:51 +0800] "GET HTTP://linuxtest.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 28
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:09:05 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://www.linuxtestbak.com/ HTTP/1.1" 301 -
192.168.204.1 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:10:55 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 28
192.168.204.1 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:11:08 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 28
192.168.204.1 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:20:16 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 28 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36"
192.168.204.1 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:20:19 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 28 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36"
192.168.204.1 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:20:27 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 28 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36"
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:20:39 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://www.linuxtestbak.com/ HTTP/1.1" 301 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:20:45 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://www.linuxtestbak.com/ HTTP/1.1" 301 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:20:54 +0800] "GET HTTP://linuxtest.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 28 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:20:57 +0800] "GET HTTP://linuxtest.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 28 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.204.128 - - [02/Mar/2018:19:20:58 +0800] "GET HTTP://linuxtest.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 28 "-" "curl/7.29.0"