Linux正则表达式

Posted 2020-10-23

基础正则表达式（Basic Regular Expression）

序号	符号	描述	示例
1	^	匹配以……开头的行	^ab匹配以ab开头的行
2	$	匹配以……结尾的行	ab$匹配以ab结尾的行
3	^$	匹配空行	^$匹配空行，不匹配空格
4	.	匹配任意单个字符	ab.匹配abc或abd，不匹配abcd或abde，包括空格
5	\	转义符，将特殊符号进行转义	a\.b匹配a.b，不匹配ajb
6	*	匹配前面项0次或多次	ab*匹配a或ab或abbb
7	.*	匹配任意字符	ab.*匹配ab或abc或abcd，包括空行
8	[]	匹配集合以内的任意单个字符	ab[cd]匹配abc或abd，不匹配abj或abcd
9	[^]	匹配集合以外的任意单个字符	ab[^cd]匹配abe或abj，不匹配abc或abd

• 数据模拟

[[email protected] ~]# vim linbin.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.

I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.

my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org

my qq num is 49000488.

not 4900000448.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

• 匹配以……开头的行

[[email protected] ~]# grep "^m" linbin.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
my qq num is 49000488.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY

• 匹配以……结尾的行

[[email protected] ~]# grep "m$" linbin.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com

• 匹配空行

[[email protected] ~]# grep -vn "^$" linbin.txt
1:I am oldboy teacher!
2:I teach linux.
4:I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.
6:my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
7:our site is http://www.etiantian.org
9:my qq num is 49000488.
11:not 4900000448.
12:my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
13:oldb y

• 匹配任意单个字符

[[email protected] ~]# grep "." linbin.txt  ##不匹配空行
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

[[email protected] ~]# grep "oldb.y" linbin.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

• 转义符

[[email protected] ~]# grep "\.$" linbin.txt
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.

• 匹配前面项0次或多次

[[email protected] ~]# grep "0*" linbin.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.

I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.

my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org

my qq num is 49000488.

not 4900000448.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

[[email protected] ~]# grep -o "0*" linbin.txt  ##精确匹配字符串
000
00000

• 匹配任意字符

[[email protected] ~]# grep ".*" linbin.txt  ##匹配空行
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.

I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.

my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org

my qq num is 49000488.

not 4900000448.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

• 匹配集合以内的任意单个字符

[[email protected] ~]# grep "[abc]" linbin.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

[[email protected] ~]# grep "[0-9]" lb.txt
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.ss

• 匹配集合以外的任意单个字符

[[email protected] ~]# grep "[^a-z]" linbin.txt  ##匹配非小写字母
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

[[email protected] ~]# grep "[^A-Z]" linbin.txt  ##匹配非大写字母
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

[[email protected] ~]# grep "[^0-9]" linbin.txt  ##匹配非数字
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.
I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.
my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
oldb y

扩展正则表达式（Extended Regular Expression）

序号	符号	描述	示例
1	+	匹配前面项1次或多次	ab+匹配ab或abb，不匹配a
2	?	匹配前面项0次或1次	ab?匹配a或ab，不匹配abb
3	匹配	两边的任意一项	ab	cd匹配ab或cd
4	()	匹配表达式	a(c	d)e匹配ace或ade，不匹配ae
5	{n,m}	匹配前面项n～m次	ab{2,3}匹配abb或abbb，需要对{}进行转义
6	{n,}	匹配前面项至少n次，包含n次	ab{2,}匹配abb或abbb，需要对{}进行转义
7	{n}	匹配前面项n次	ab{2}匹配abb，需要对{}进行转义
8	{,m}	匹配前面项最多m次，包含m次	ab{,2}匹配a或ab或abb，需要对{}进行转义

• 数据模拟

[[email protected] ~]# vim linbin.txt
I am oldboy teacher!
I teach linux.

I like badminton ball,billard ball and chinese chess.

my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.etiantian.org

my qq num is 49000488.

not 4900000448.
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
good
goood
gd

• 匹配前面项1次或多次

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "go+d" linbin.txt
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
good
goood

• 匹配前面项0次或1次

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "go?d" linbin.txt
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
gd

• 匹配|两边的任意一项

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "god|good" linbin.txt
my god,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY
good

• 匹配表达式

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "g(la|oo)d" linbin.txt
good
[[email protected] ~]# egrep "g(la|oo)d" linbin.txt
good
[[email protected] ~]# egrep "g(oo)?d" linbin.txt
good
gd

• 匹配前面项n～m次

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "0{3,5}" linbin.txt
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.

• 匹配前面项至少n次

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "0{3,}" linbin.txt
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.

• 匹配前面项n次

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "0{3}" linbin.txt
my qq num is 49000488.
not 4900000448.