使用playbook安装nginx
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笔记内容:使用playbook安装nginx
笔记日期:2018-01-31
- 24.27/24.28 playbook安装nginx
playbook实战-nginx安装(1)
需求:虽然nginx可以直接使用yum安装,但是我想要的是使用源码包编译安装,并且需要自定义一些模块。而且我需要通过playbook下发到远程机器上。
实现思路:先在一台机器上编译安装好nginx、打包,也就是把这台机器作为模板机,然后再用ansible playbook去进行下发到远程机器上。
1.进入ansible配置文件目录,并创建一个nginx_install的目录,方便管理:
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/ansible
[[email protected] /etc/ansible]# mkdir nginx_install
[[email protected] /etc/ansible]# cd nginx_install
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]# mkdir -p roles/{common,install}/{handlers,files,meta,tasks,templates,vars}
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]# ls roles/
common install
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]# ls roles/install/
files handlers meta tasks templates vars
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]# ls roles/common/
files handlers meta tasks templates vars
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]#
说明:
roles目录下有两个角色,common为一些准备操作,install为安装nginx的操作。每个角色下面又有几个目录,handlers下面是当发生改变时要执行的操作,通常用在配置文件发生改变,重启服务。files为安装时用到的一些文件,meta为说明信息,说明角色依赖等信息,tasks里面是核心的配置文件,templates通常存一些配置文件,启动脚本等模板文件,vars下为定义的变量。
playbook实战-nginx安装(2)
1.需要事先准备好安装用到的文件,具体如下:
- 在一台机器上事先编译安装好nginx,配置好启动脚本,配置好配置文件
- 安装好后,我们需要把nginx目录打包,并放到/etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/files/下面,名字为nginx.tar.gz
- 启动脚本、配置文件都要放到/etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/templates下面
nginx我这里早已编译安装好了:
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]# ls /usr/local/
apache2.4 apr-util etc include lib libexec mysql php php-fpm share tomcat
apr bin games jdk1.8 lib64 mariadb nginx php7 sbin src
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]# ls /usr/local/nginx/
client_body_temp conf fastcgi_temp html logs proxy_temp sbin scgi_temp uwsgi_temp
所以我先在要做的事情就是把nginx目录打包,并放到files下面,以及把启动脚本、配置文件放到templates下面:
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]# cd /usr/local/
[[email protected] /usr/local]# tar -czvf nginx.tar.gz --exclude "nginx.conf" --exclude "vhost" nginx/
[[email protected] /usr/local]# mv nginx.tar.gz /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/files/
[[email protected] /usr/local]# cp nginx/conf/nginx.conf /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/templates/
[[email protected] /usr/local]# cp /etc/init.d/nginx /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles/install/templates/
[[email protected] /usr/local]#
2.完成以上的操作后,还需要定义common的tasks,因为nginx是需要一些依赖包的:
[[email protected] /usr/local]# cd /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles]# vim ./common/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install initializtion require software
yum: name="zlib-devel,pcre-devel" state=installed
playbook实战-nginx安装(3)
1.定义变量:
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles]# vim install/vars/main.yml
nginx_user: www
nginx_port: 80
nginx_basedir: /usr/local/nginx
2.然后要把所有用到的文档拷贝到目标机器:
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles]# vim install/tasks/copy.yml
- name: Copy Nginx Software # 拷贝nginx包
copy: src=nginx.tar.gz dest=/tmp/nginx.tar.gz owner=root group=root
- name: Uncompression Nginx Software # 解压nginx包
shell: tar zxf /tmp/nginx.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
- name: Copy Nginx Start Script # 拷贝nginx的启动脚本
template: src=nginx dest=/etc/init.d/nginx owner=root group=root mode=0755
- name: Copy Nginx Config # 拷贝nginx的配置文件
template: src=nginx.conf dest={{ nginx_basedir }}/conf/ owner=root group=root mode=0644
注:这里src参数指定的是相对路径,这个相对路径相对的是模块,例如copy模块里的src参数的值为nginx.tar.gz,那么就会去files目录下找nginx.tar.gz,而template模块则是会去templates目录下找。
playbook实战-nginx安装(4)
1.接下来是建立用户,启动服务,删除压缩包:
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles]# vim install/tasks/install.yml
- name: Create Nginx User # 创建nginx用户
user: name={{ nginx_user }} state=present createhome=no shell=/sbin/nologin
- name: Start Nginx Service # 启动nginx服务
shell: /etc/init.d/nginx start
- name: Add Boot Start Nginx Service # 将nginx服务添加到开机启动列表
shell: chkconfig --level 345 nginx on
- name: Delete Nginx compression files # 删除nginx的压缩包
shell: rm -rf /tmp/nginx.tar.gz
注:nginx_user变量是之前我们在vars目录下的main.yml文件中定义的,所以在这里可以直接引用。
playbook实战-nginx安装(5)
1.再创建一个总体的main.yml,在这个文件里对copy.yml以及install.yml进行一个调用:
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles]# vim install/tasks/main.yml
- include: copy.yml
- include: install.yml
到此两个roles:common和install就定义完成了,接下来要定义一个作为总入口的配置文件:
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install/roles]# cd ../
[[email protected] /etc/ansible/nginx_install]# vim install.yml
---
- hosts: testhost
remote_user: root
gather_facts: True
roles:
- common
- install
注意:接着就是需要执行这个总入口文件了,但是如果你的目标机器之前安装过nginx需要先清理掉,不然可能会有冲突:
1、之前编译安装的清理办法:
find / -name "nginx*" -exec rm -rf {} \;
2、如果是之前yum安装的清理办法:
rpm -qa nginx
yum remove -y nginx
执行这个总入口文件:
[[email protected] ~]# ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/nginx_install/install.yml
[DEPRECATION WARNING]: The use of ‘include‘ for tasks has been deprecated. Use ‘import_tasks‘ for static inclusions or
‘include_tasks‘ for dynamic inclusions. This feature will be removed in a future release. Deprecation warnings can be
disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
[DEPRECATION WARNING]: include is kept for backwards compatibility but usage is discouraged. The module documentation
details page may explain more about this rationale.. This feature will be removed in a future release. Deprecation warnings
can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
PLAY [testhost] *************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [common : Install initializtion require software] **********************************************************************
ok: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [install : Copy Nginx Software] ****************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [install : Uncompression Nginx Software] *******************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using unarchive module rather than running tar
changed: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [install : Copy Nginx Start Script] ************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [install : Copy Nginx Config] ******************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [install : Create Nginx User] ******************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [install : Start Nginx Service] ****************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [install : Add Boot Start Nginx Service] *******************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.77.128]
TASK [install : Delete Nginx compression files] *****************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=absent rather than running rm
changed: [192.168.77.128]
PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************************************************
192.168.77.128 : ok=10 changed=8 unreachable=0 failed=0
[[email protected] ~]#
执行成功后,到客户端上查看服务进程是否已启动,以及80端口是否已监听:
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux |grep nginx
root 5130 0.0 0.0 45864 1100 ? Ss 16:53 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 5131 0.0 0.1 50436 4076 ? S 16:53 0:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 5132 0.0 0.1 50436 4076 ? S 16:53 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 5365 0.0 0.0 112660 960 pts/0 S+ 16:53 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntp |grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5596/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5596/nginx: master
[[email protected] ~]#
到此,我们就把nginx安装完成了。
最后上一张思维导图来总结一下,每个目录所包含的文件及.yml文件所要做的事情:
命令执行流程图:
下一篇,playbook管理Nginx配置文件:
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