SpringBoot2基础入门 --- 了解自动配置原理

Posted 2023-04-05 乌云不要说话

tags:

篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了SpringBoot2基础入门 --- 了解自动配置原理相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。

一、SpringBoot特点

1.1、依赖管理

父项目做依赖管理

依赖管理    
<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

他的父项目几乎声明了所有开发中常用的依赖的版本号,自动版本仲裁机制
 <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>

开发导入starter场景启动器

1、见到很多 spring-boot-starter-* ： *就某种场景
2、只要引入starter，这个场景的所有常规需要的依赖我们都自动引入
3、SpringBoot所有支持的场景
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/using-spring-boot.html#using-boot-starter
4、见到的  *-spring-boot-starter： 第三方为我们提供的简化开发的场景启动器。
5、所有场景启动器最底层的依赖
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
  <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
  <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

无需关注版本号，自动版本仲裁

1、引入依赖默认都可以不写版本
2、引入非版本仲裁的jar，要写版本号

可以修改默认版本号

1、查看spring-boot-dependencies里面规定当前依赖的版本用的 key。
2、在当前项目里面重写配置
    <properties>
        <mysql.version>5.1.49</mysql.version>
    </properties>

1.2、自动配置

1、自动配好Tomcat

引入Tomcat依赖。
配置Tomcat

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

2、自动配好SpringMVC

引入SpringMVC全套组件
自动配好SpringMVC常用组件（功能）

3、自动配好Web常见功能，如：字符编码问题

SpringBoot帮我们配置好了所有web开发的常见场景

4、默认的包结构

主程序所在包及其下面的所有子包里面的组件都会被默认扫描进来
无需以前的包扫描配置
想要改变扫描路径，@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.ssm")或者@ComponentScan 指定扫描路径

@SpringBootApplication
等同于
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan("com.ssm")

各种配置拥有默认值

默认配置最终都是映射到某个类上，如：MultipartProperties
配置文件的值最终会绑定每个类上，这个类会在容器中创建对象

按需加载所有自动配置项

非常多的starter
引入了哪些场景这个场景的自动配置才会开启
SpringBoot所有的自动配置功能都在 spring-boot-autoconfigure 包里面

二、容器功能

2.1、组件添加

1、@Configuration

基本使用
Full模式与Lite模式

配置类组件之间无依赖关系用 Lite 模式加速容器启动过程，减少判断

配置类组件之间有依赖关系, 方法会被调用得到之前单实例组件，用 Full 模式

@Configuration使用示例

/**
 * Author：wy
 * Date：2023/4/4
 * @Configuration: //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
 *
 * 1、配置类里面使用@Bean标注在方法上给容器注册组件，默认也是单实例的
 * 2、配置类本身也是组件
 * 3、proxyBeanMethods：代理bean的方法
 *      Full(proxyBeanMethods = true)【保证每个@Bean方法被调用多少次返回的组件都是单实例的】
 *      Lite(proxyBeanMethods = false)【每个@Bean方法被调用多少次返回的组件都是新创建的】
 *      组件依赖必须使用Full模式默认。其他默认是否Lite模式
 */
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)
public class MyConfig 
    /**
     * Full:外部无论对配置类中的这个组件注册方法调用多少次获取的都是之前注册容器中的单实例对象
     * @return
     */
    @Bean//给容器中添加组件。以方法名作为组件的id。返回类型就是组件类型。返回的值，就是组件在容器中的实例
    public User user01()
        User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
        //user组件依赖了Pet组件
        zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
        return zhangsan;
    

    @Bean("tom")//自定义主键id
    public Pet tomcatPet()
        return new Pet("tomcat");

@Configuration测试代码如下

@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
        //1、返回我们IOC容器
        ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);

        //2、查看容器里面的组件
        String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String name : names) 
            System.out.println(name);
        

        //3、从容器中获取组件
        Pet tom01 = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
        Pet tom02 = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
        System.out.println("组件："+(tom01 == tom02));//true

        //4、com.ssm.boot.config.MyConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$6a965e15@7ea4d397
        MyConfig bean = run.getBean(MyConfig.class);
        System.out.println(bean);

        //如果@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)代理对象调用方法。SpringBoot总会检查这个组件是否在容器中有。
        //保持组件单实例
        User user = bean.user01();
        User user1 = bean.user01();
        System.out.println(user == user1);

        User user01 = run.getBean("user01", User.class);
        Pet tom = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);

        System.out.println("用户的宠物："+(user01.getPet() == tom));//用户的宠物：true

2、常用注解：@Bean、@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Repository

3、@ComponentScan、@Import

/* 4、@Import(User.class, DBHelper.class)
 *      给容器中自动创建出这两个类型的组件、默认组件的名字就是全类名
 */

@Import(User.class, DBHelper.class)
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
public class MyConfig

4、@Conditional

条件装配：满足Conditional指定的条件，则进行组件注入

测试条件装配

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
//@ConditionalOnBean(name = "tom") //有tom组件才注册类中的全部组件
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "tom")//没有tom组件就注册类中的组件
public class MyConfig 

    /**
     * Full:外部无论对配置类中的这个组件注册方法调用多少次获取的都是之前注册容器中的单实例对象
     * @return
     */

    @Bean //给容器中添加组件。以方法名作为组件的id。返回类型就是组件类型。返回的值，就是组件在容器中的实例
    public User user01()
        User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
        //user组件依赖了Pet组件
        zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
        return zhangsan;
    

    @Bean("tom22")
    public Pet tomcatPet()
        return new Pet("tomcat");
    


public static void main(String[] args) 
        //1、返回我们IOC容器
        ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);

        //2、查看容器里面的组件
        String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String name : names) 
            System.out.println(name);
        

        boolean tom = run.containsBean("tom");
        System.out.println("容器中Tom组件："+tom);

        boolean user01 = run.containsBean("user01");
        System.out.println("容器中user01组件："+user01);

        boolean tom22 = run.containsBean("tom22");
        System.out.println("容器中tom22组件："+tom22);

2.2、原生配置文件引入

@ImportResource: 引入配置文件

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="haha" class="com.atguigu.boot.bean.User">
        <property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property>
        <property name="age" value="18"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="hehe" class="com.atguigu.boot.bean.Pet">
        <property name="name" value="tomcat"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

@ImportResource("classpath:beans.xml")
public class MyConfig 
======================测试=================
        boolean haha = run.containsBean("haha");
        boolean hehe = run.containsBean("hehe");
        System.out.println("haha："+haha);//true
        System.out.println("hehe："+hehe);//true

2.3、配置绑定

使用原生Java代码读取到properties文件中的内容，并且把它封装到JavaBean中，以供随时使用；

比较麻烦

public class getProperties 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException 
         Properties pps = new Properties();
         pps.load(new FileInputStream("a.properties"));
         Enumeration enum1 = pps.propertyNames();//得到配置文件的名字
         while(enum1.hasMoreElements()) 
             String strKey = (String) enum1.nextElement();
             String strValue = pps.getProperty(strKey);
             System.out.println(strKey + "=" + strValue);
             //封装到JavaBean。

1、@ConfigurationProperties：与核心配置文件里面的配置属性绑定

/**
 * 只有在容器中的组件，才会拥有SpringBoot提供的强大功能
 */
@Component//把Car加入容器
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar")
public class Car 

    private String brand;
    private Integer price;

    public String getBrand() 
        return brand;
    

    public void setBrand(String brand) 
        this.brand = brand;
    

    public Integer getPrice() 
        return price;
    

    public void setPrice(Integer price) 
        this.price = price;
    

    @Override
    public String toString() 
        return "Car" +
                "brand='" + brand + '\\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                '';

2、@EnableConfigurationProperties + @ConfigurationProperties

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)//告诉SpringBoot这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(Car.class)
//1.开启Car配置绑定功能
//2.把这个Car组件自动注册到容器中
public class MyConfig 



@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar")
public class Car 

    private String brand;
    private Integer price;

    public String getBrand() 
        return brand;
    

    public void setBrand(String brand) 
        this.brand = brand;
    

    public Integer getPrice() 
        return price;
    

    public void setPrice(Integer price) 
        this.price = price;
    

    @Override
    public String toString() 
        return "Car" +
                "brand='" + brand + '\\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                '';

三、自动配置原理入门

3.1、引导加载自动配置类

@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters =  @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) )
public @interface SpringBootApplication

@SpringBootConfiguration

@Configuration。代表当前是一个配置类

@ComponentScan

指定扫描哪些，Spring注解；

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigurationPackage

自动配置包：指定了默认的包规则

@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)  //给容器中导入一个组件
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage 

//利用Registrar给容器中导入一系列组件
//将指定的一个包下的所有组件导入进来？MainApplication 所在包下。

@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

1、利用getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);给容器中批量导入一些组件
2、调用List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类
3、利用工厂加载 Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)；得到所有的组件
4、从META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件。
默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有META-INF/spring.factories位置的文件
spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar包里面也有META-INF/spring.factories

文件里面写死了spring-boot一启动就要给容器中加载的所有配置类
spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar/META-INF/spring.factories
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

3.2、按需开启自动配置项

虽然我们127个场景的所有自动配置启动的时候默认全部加载。xxxxAutoConfiguration

按照条件装配规则（@Conditional），最终会按需配置。

3.3、修改默认配置

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)  //容器中有这个类型组件
ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) //容器中没有这个名字 multipartResolver 的组件
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) 
    //给@Bean标注的方法传入了对象参数，这个参数的值就会从容器中找。
    //SpringMVC multipartResolver。防止有些用户配置的文件上传解析器不符合规范
    // Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
	return resolver;

给容器中加入了文件上传解析器；

SpringBoot默认会在底层配好所有的组件。但是如果用户自己配置了以用户的优先

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter()

总结：

SpringBoot先加载所有的自动配置类 xxxxxAutoConfiguration
每个自动配置类按照条件进行生效，默认都会绑定配置文件指定的值。xxxxProperties里面拿。xxxProperties和配置文件进行了绑定
生效的配置类就会给容器中装配很多组件
只要容器中有这些组件，相当于这些功能就有了
定制化配置：

用户直接自己@Bean替换底层的组件

用户去看这个组件是获取的配置文件什么值就去修改。

xxxxxAutoConfiguration ---> 组件 ---> xxxxProperties里面拿值 ---->application.properties

3.4、最佳实践

引入场景依赖

Developing with Spring Boot

查看自动配置了哪些

自己分析，引入场景对应的自动配置一般都生效了

配置文件中debug=true开启自动配置报告。Negative（不生效）\\Positive（生效）

是否需要修改

参照文档修改配置项

自定义加入或者替换组件

自定义器 XXXXXCustomizer；

四、开发小技巧

4.1、Lombok

引入包，然后idea中搜索安装lombok插件

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>

简化JavaBean开发

@NoArgsConstructor//无参构造器
//@AllArgsConstructor//有参构造器
@Data//get set方法
@ToString//重写toString
@EqualsAndHashCode
public class User 

    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Pet pet;

    public User(String name, Integer age) 
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;

简化日志开发

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class HelloController 

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String handle01()
        log.info("请求进来了");
        return "Hello, Spring Boot 2";

4.2、dev-tools

热更新：项目或者页面修改以后：Ctrl+F9；

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

4.3、Spring Initailizr（项目初始化向导）

选择我们需要的开发场景

自动依赖引入

自动创建项目结构

自动编写好主配置类

SpringBoot入门基础

一、自动配置特性

二、SpringBootApplication

@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

1、SpringBootConfiguration

@Configuration，代表当前是一个配置类

2、@ComponentScan

指定扫描哪些，spring注解
3、@EnableAutoConfiguration
由下面两个注解合成
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

3.1@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)//给容器中导入一个组件
//利用registar给容器导入一系列组件，将指定的一个报下的所有组件导入进来
//所以默认导入application所在包下所有组件
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {

***@Import的高级用法

3.2@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
A利用AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata)
给容器中批量导入一些组件
B.利用List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
获取所有需要导入到的后续配置
C.利用工厂加载得到所有的组件
Map<String, List> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)
D.从META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件，默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有META-INF/spring.factories位置的文件
spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar包的配置文件里面写死了
springboot一启动就要给容器中加载的所有配置类（127个），虽然所有自动配置启动的时候默认全部加载，最终会按条件装配规则@Conditional按需配置。

# Auto Configure
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

3.3 修改默认配置

//给容器中加入了文件上传解析器
//给@Bean标注的方法传入了对象的参数，这个参数的值会从容器中找
//防止有些用户配置的文件上传解析器不符合规范
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnBean({MultipartResolver.class})
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(
            name = {"multipartResolver"}
        )
        public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
            return resolver;
        }
    }

SpringBoot默认会在底层配好所有的组件。但过用户配置了以用户的优先。

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
        filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.REQUEST));
        filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.RESPONSE));
        return filter;
    }

总结：
SpringBoot先加载所有的自动配置类 xxxAutoConfiguration
每个自动配置类按照条件进行生效，默认都会绑定配置文件指定的值 xxxProperties里面拿，与xxxProperties配置文件进行了绑定
生效的配置类就会给容器中装配很多组件
只要容器中有这些组件，相当于这些功能就有了。
只要用户自己配置，就以用户的优先
定制化配置的方式：
1、用户直接自己@Bean替换底层的组件
2、用户去看这个组件获取的配置文件什么值进行相应的修改

xxxAutoConfiguration—>组件---->xxxPropertie里面拿值—>application.properties

3.4 最佳实践
1、引入场景依赖 xxx-starter
2、查看自动配置了哪些（选做）
applicaiton.properties中开debug=true

以上是关于SpringBoot2基础入门 --- 了解自动配置原理的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章

SpringBoot2核心技术（基础入门）- 02SpringBoot2入门安装配置

2018最新SpringBoot2.0教程（零基础入门）

零基础快速入门SpringBoot2.0

2021版SpringBoot2零基础入门SpringBoot全套完整版

springboot2.0入门----springboot 简介

小D课堂 - 零基础入门SpringBoot2.X到实战_第1节零基础快速入门SpringBoot2.0_1SpringBoot2.x课程介绍和高手系列知识点