[Mini2440] 编译 linux-2.6.32.2 内核

Posted 2020-10-15

一 准备好开发环境

　　需要创建一个 Ubuntu 虚拟机，并且安装好 VMwareTools 方便和 Windows 之间传文件。

　　创建好一个 mini2440 的工作目录，后续所有 mini2440 相关的文件均存放在此目录下。

[email protected]:~$ mkdir -p workspace/mini2440

 

二 安装交叉编译器

　　在 mini2440 工作目录下创建 package 目录，存放软件包。

[email protected]:~$ mkdir workspace/mini2440/package

　　拷贝 mini2440光盘\Linux\arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3.tar.gz 到虚拟机 /home/user/workspace/mini2440/package 目录下。

　　解压到 /opt 目录下并配置好环境变量.

[email protected]:~$ cd workspace/mini2440/package/
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/package$ sudo tar zxf arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3.tar.gz -C /
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/package$ cd
[email protected]:~$ echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin" >> .bashrc
[email protected]:~$ . .bashrc

　　验证交叉编译器是否安装成功。

[email protected]:~$ arm-linux-gcc -v
/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin/arm-linux-gcc: 15: exec: /opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin/.arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc: not found

　　没有正确的显示版本号，百度查了一下，原因是虚拟机的 Ubuntu 是 64 位的，而此交叉编译器是 32 位的版本，要想正常使用，需要安装 32 位兼容库。

[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get install lib32ncurses5
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get install lib32z1

　　安装好兼容库之后，验证成功。

[email protected]:~$ arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: arm-none-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: /opt/FriendlyARM/mini2440/build-toolschain/working/src/gcc-4.4.3/configure --build=i386-build_redhat-linux-gnu --host=i386-build_redhat-linux-gnu --target=arm-none-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi//sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib --with-arch=armv4t --with-cpu=arm920t --with-tune=arm920t --with-float=soft --with-pkgversion=ctng-1.6.1 --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-__cxa_atexit --with-gmp=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-mpfr=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-ppl=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-cloog=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-mpc=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3 --with-local-prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi//sys-root --disable-nls --enable-threads=posix --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-c99 --enable-long-long --enable-target-optspace
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.3 (ctng-1.6.1) 

 

三 配置 linux 内核

　　同样将 mini2440光盘\Linux\linux-2.6.32.2-mini2440-20150709.tgz 文件拷贝到虚拟机 /home/user/workspace/mini2440/package 目录下。

　　解压开来，可以看到有很多的配置文件，当然还是挑自己板子搭配屏的配置文件。

[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/package$ tar zxf linux-2.6.32.2-mini2440-20150709.tgz -C ../
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/package$ cd ../linux-2.6.32.2/
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ ls
arch                  config_mini2440_s70d         drivers      net
block                 config_mini2440_t35          firmware     README
build.sh              config_mini2440_td35         fs           REPORTING-BUGS
config_mini2440_a70   config_mini2440_vga1024x768  include      samples
config_mini2440_a70i  config_mini2440_vga640x480   init         scripts
config_mini2440_h43   config_mini2440_vga800x600   ipc          security
config_mini2440_l80   config_mini2440_w35          Kbuild       sound
config_mini2440_n35   config_mini2440_x35          kernel       tools
config_mini2440_n43   COPYING                      lib          usr
config_mini2440_p35   CREDITS                      MAINTAINERS  virt
config_mini2440_p43   crypto                       Makefile
config_mini2440_s70   Documentation                mm

　　开始配置，拷贝配置文件，执行 make menuconfig 生成对应 C 语言配置宏文件和 Makefile 编译宏控文件。

[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make distclean
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ cp config_mini2440_x35 .config
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make menuconfig
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/docproc
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/hash
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_sym’:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:159:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
  int type;
      ^
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_choice’:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:231:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
  int type;
      ^
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:307:4: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
    fgets(line, 128, stdin);
    ^
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_askvalue’:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:105:3: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
   fgets(line, 128, stdin);
   ^
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
 *** Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the
 *** required header files.
 *** ‘make menuconfig‘ requires the ncurses libraries.
 *** 
 *** Install ncurses (ncurses-devel) and try again.
 *** 
/home/user/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2/scripts/kconfig/Makefile:186: recipe for target ‘scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog‘ failed
make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog] Error 1
Makefile:454: recipe for target ‘menuconfig‘ failed
make: *** [menuconfig] Error 2

　　报错了，百度查了一下，原来是缺少 ncurses 库导致，安装好库之后，成功配置。

[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ sudo apt-get install libncurses

　　进入图形化配置界面后，直接按 esc 退出即可，配置项已经拷贝到最终的配置文件 .config 文件中了，执行 make menuconfig 的作用，只是去自动生成 Makefile 和 c 语言宏控文件。

 

四 编译内核

　　配置 ok 了，要开始编译内核了。

[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make
  CHK     include/linux/version.h
  UPD     include/linux/version.h
  Generating include/asm-arm/mach-types.h
  CHK     include/linux/utsrelease.h
  UPD     include/linux/utsrelease.h
  SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm
  CC      kernel/bounds.s
/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.3/cc1: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
/home/user/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2/./Kbuild:35: recipe for target ‘kernel/bounds.s‘ failed
make[1]: *** [kernel/bounds.s] Error 1
Makefile:982: recipe for target ‘prepare0‘ failed
make: *** [prepare0] Error 2

　　可是又报错了，提示说是找不到 libstdc++.so.6 这个库。安装一下试试：

[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6

　　库安装好了之后，果然可以开始编译了。

[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make
... ... ... ...
  CC      kernel/exit.o
  CC      kernel/itimer.o
  TIMEC   kernel/timeconst.h
Can‘t use ‘defined(@array)‘ (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?) at kernel/timeconst.pl line 373.
/home/user/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2/kernel/Makefile:129: recipe for target ‘kernel/timeconst.h‘ failed
make[1]: *** [kernel/timeconst.h] Error 255
Makefile:878: recipe for target ‘kernel‘ failed
make: *** [kernel] Error 2

　　可是又报错了，看提示说 ‘defined(@array)‘语法有问题，将 kernel/timeconst.pl 文件中 373 行 "if (!defined(@val)) {" 修改为 "if ([email protected]) {" 后编译成功。

diff --git a/kernel/timeconst.pl b/kernel/timeconst.pl
index eb51d76..0461239 100644
--- a/kernel/timeconst.pl
+++ b/kernel/timeconst.pl
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ if ($hz eq ‘--can‘) {
        }
 
        @val = @{$canned_values{$hz}};
-       if (!defined(@val)) {
+       if (!@val) {
                @val = compute_values($hz);
        }
        output($hz, @val);

　　编译成功提示如下，同时会在 arch/arm/boot/ 目录下生成 zImage 内核镜像文件。

[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ make
  CHK     include/linux/version.h
make[1]: ‘include/asm-arm/mach-types.h‘ is up to date.
  CHK     include/linux/utsrelease.h
  SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm
  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  CHK     include/linux/compile.h
  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
  Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 16 modules
[email protected]:~/workspace/mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2$ ls -l arch/arm/boot/zImage 
-rwxrwxr-x 1 user user 2330052 11月 25 03:10 arch/arm/boot/zImage