一脸懵逼学习keepalived(对Nginx进行热备)
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1:Keepalived的官方网址:http://www.keepalived.org/
2:Keepalived:可以实现高可靠;
高可靠的概念:
HA(High Available), 高可用性集群,是保证业务连续性的有效解决方案,一般有两个或两个以上的节点,且分为活动节点及备用节点。
3:高可靠软件:keepalived:
keepalive是一款可以实现高可靠的软件,通常部署在2台服务器上,分为一主一备。Keepalived可以对本机上的进程进行检测,一旦Master检测出某个进程出现问题,将自己切换成Backup状态,然后通知另外一个节点切换成Master状态。
4:keepalived的安装操作:
4.1:下载keepalived官网:http://keepalived.org
首先在两台机器上面部署两个nginx,具体操作见上篇部署一台,另一台的部署过程省略:
将keepalived上传到虚拟机以后进行解压缩操作:
[root@master package]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/
解压缩以后进入到解压缩的目录里面:
[root@master package]# cd /home/hadoop/keepalived-1.2.19/
检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径:
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ./configure --prefix=/home/hadoop/keepalived
最后编译和安装:
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# make && make install
5:将Keepalived添加到系统服务中:
拷贝执行文件:
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# cp /home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
将init.d文件拷贝到etc下,加入开机启动项:
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# cp /home/hadoop/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
将keepalived文件拷贝到etc下:
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# cp /home/hadoop/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
创建keepalived文件夹:
[root@master hadoop]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
将keepalived配置文件拷贝到etc下:
[root@master hadoop]# cp /home/hadoop/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
添加可执行权限:
[root@master hadoop]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
添加keepalived到开机启动:
[root@master hadoop]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@master hadoop]# chkconfig keepalived on
6:配置keepalived虚拟IP:修改配置文件:
[root@master hadoop]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
这里配置虚拟Ip就开始分keepalived的master节点和keepalived的backup节点:
#master节点
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #指定A节点为主节点 备用节点上设置为BACKUP即可
interface eth0 #绑定虚拟IP的网络接口
virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP组名,两个节点的设置必须一样,以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组
priority 100 #主节点的优先级(1-254之间),备用节点必须比主节点优先级低
advert_int 1 #组播信息发送间隔,两个节点设置必须一样
authentication { #设置验证信息,两个节点必须一致
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress { #指定虚拟IP, 两个节点设置必须一样,
#如果两个nginx的ip分别是192.168.199.130,,...131,则此处的虚拟ip跟它俩同一个网段即可
192.168.199.141/24
}
}
配置好master节点以后,可以配置BACKUP节点:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.199.141/24
}
}
7:分别启动两台机器上面的keepalived:
给一个虚拟机设置两个ip地址方法:
ip addr add 192.168.199.150 dev eth0
[root@master hadoop]# service keepalived start
最后测试一下:
如果杀掉master上的keepalived 进程,你会发现,在slaver即另外一台配置keepalived的机器上的eth0网卡多了一个ip地址
查看ip地址的命令:ip addr
这里测试的时候出现问题了,因为我的电脑安装的虚拟机都是同一个,所以第一台机器的ip配置在eth0,而其他的竟然配置在了eth1,而这里需要修改一下,ip所在的位置:
解决方法:
1:编辑/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules,找到与ifconfig -a得出的MAC相同的一行(NAME=\'eth1\'这一行),把它改为"NAME=eth0 ",然后把上面一行(NAME=\'eth0\')删除掉。
vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:bb:41:2b", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
2:编辑/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0,把MAC改为正确的,把UUID删掉。
3:编辑/etc/sysconf/network,把hostname也改一下。
4:重启生效!
8:配置keepalived心跳检查:
原理:
Keepalived并不跟nginx耦合,它俩完全不是一家人
但是keepalived提供一个机制:让用户自定义一个shell脚本去检测用户自己的程序,返回状态给keepalived就可以了;
master节点:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #指定A节点为主节点 备用节点上设置为BACKUP即可
interface eth0 #绑定虚拟IP的网络接口
virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP组名,两个节点的设置必须一样,以指明各个节点属于同一VRRP组
priority 100 #主节点的优先级(1-254之间),备用节点必须比主节点优先级低
advert_int 1 #组播信息发送间隔,两个节点设置必须一样
authentication { #设置验证信息,两个节点必须一致
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script { #跟踪用户程序脚本
chk_health
}
virtual_ipaddress { #指定虚拟IP, 两个节点设置必须一样,
#如果两个nginx的ip分别是192.168.199.130,,...131,则此处的虚拟ip跟它俩同一个网段即可
192.168.199.141/24
}
notify_master "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh fault"
}
添加切换通知脚本:
[root@master keepalived]# vim /home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
master)
/home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx
exit 0
;;
backup)
/home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
/home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx
exit 0
;;
fault)
/home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
exit 0
;;
*)
echo \'Usage: notify.sh {master|backup|fault}\'
exit 1
;;
esac
添加执行权限:
[root@master keepalived]# chmod +x /home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh
然后配置一下slaver即另一台keepalived:
global_defs {
}
vrrp_script chk_health {
script "[[ `ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep | wc -l` -ge 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1"
interval 1
weight -2
}vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 1
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_health
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.199.141/24
}
notify_master "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/home/hadoop/keepalived/sbin/notify.sh fault"}
最后:
在第二台机器上添加notify.sh脚本
#分别在两台机器上启动keepalived
service keepalived start
chkconfig keepalived on
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