监控之--使用NPRE监控Linux主机
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作为Nagios的一个扩展功能插件，NRPE可在远程的linux主机上执行的插件程序。远程的liux服务器通过安装NRPE及Nagios的相关插件程序可以向Nagios服务端监控平台提供自身的情况例如：CPU负载，内存使用以及磁盘使用等情况。这里依旧将node1.cn主机作为Nagios监控端，node2.cn作为被监控端。
一、NRPE简介
Nrpe作为Nagios的一个扩展功能，其可以在远程Linux主机上执行插件程序，通过远程服务器自身安装的NRPE插件和Nagios插件程序向Nagios监控平台提供自身负载：CPU负载，内存使用以及磁盘使用等等。
NRPE作为Nagios远程主机监控插件，它被用于让Nagios监控端基于安装的方式触发远端主机检测指令，并发送给Nagios监控端。且执行开销低于SS和的检查方式，并由检测过程不需要远程主机上的系统账号信息，因此安全性方面优于SSH的检测方式。
1.1 NRPE工作原理
NRPE构成：
check_nrpe:位于监控主机
nrpe daemon：位于远程主机(npre daemon需要Nagios-plugins插件的支持，否则daemon在远程主机无效)
Nagios监控某个远程linux主机的服务或资源的过程如下：
第一：Nagios运行check_nrpe插件，使nrpe知道需要做什么检查；
第二：check_nrpe插件会链接到远程的daemon，所用的方式是SSL；
第三：NRPE daemon运行相应Nagios插件执行相关检查；
最后：NRPE daemon将检查结果返回check_nrpe插件，进而check_nrpe将结果递交给Nagios进行处理。
二、远程主机Nagios-plugins插件和NRPE的安装
2.1添加运行用户nagios
[[email protected] src]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios
2.2安装nagios-plugins插件
[[email protected] src]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make openssl openssl-devel [[email protected] src]#cd /usr/local/src/ [[email protected] src]#tar xvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz [[email protected] src]#cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1 [[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios [[email protected] nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# make && make install
2.3安装nrpe
[[email protected] src]# tar xvf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz [[email protected] src]# cd nrpe-2.15 [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# ./configure --with-nrpe-user=nagios --with-nrpe-group=nagios --with-nagios-user=nagios --enable-command-args --enable-ssl *** Configuration summary for nrpe 2.15 09-06-2013 ***: General Options: ------------------------- NRPE port: 5666 NRPE user: nagios NRPE group: nagios Nagios user: nagios Nagios group: nagios Review the options above for accuracy. If they look okay, type ‘make all‘ to compile the NRPE daemon and client. [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# make all [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# make install-plugin cd ./src/ && make install-plugin [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# make install-daemon cd ./src/ && make install-daemon [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# make install-daemon-config
2.4 配置NRPE
[[email protected] ~]# grep -E -v "^#|^$" /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg log_facility=daemon pid_file=/var/run/nrpe.pid server_port=5666 nrpe_user=nagios nrpe_group=nagios allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.31.101 #允许的地址，在127.0.0.1后添加nagios服务器地址即可，以都好分割 dont_blame_nrpe=0 allow_bash_command_substitution=0 debug=0 command_timeout=60 connection_timeout=300 command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10 command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20 command[check_hda1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1 command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z command[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200
2.5 NRPE守护进程启动
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d [[email protected] ~]# netstat -tulpn | grep nrpe tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5666 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 26018/nrpe tcp 0 0 :::5666 :::* LISTEN 26018/nrpe
NRPE的运行模式：
-i = Run as a service under inetd or xinetd -d = Run as a standalone daemon -d -s = Run as a subsystem under AIX
2.6 nrpe启动脚本的编辑
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/init.d/nrped #!/bin/bash #date: 2017-11-05 # chkconfig: - 64 36 # description: NRPE server. NPRE=/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe NRPECFG=/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting NPRE daemon..." ${NPRE} -c ${NRPECFG} -d echo "Start NPRE daemon done..." ;; stop) echo -n "stopping NRPE daemon..." pkill -u nagios nrpe echo "Stop NPRE daemon done..." ;; restart) $0 stop sleep 3 $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage:$0 start|stop|restart" ;; esac exit 0
2.7 nrped脚本测试和设置nrped服务开机启动启动
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig nrped on [[email protected] ~]# service nrped restart stopping NRPE daemon...Stop NPRE daemon done... Starting NPRE daemon...Start NPRE daemon done... [[email protected] ~]# netstat -tnlp | grep nrpe tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5666 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 26085/nrpe tcp 0 0 :::5666 :::* LISTEN 26085/nrpe
3 Nagios服务端安装NRPE
[[email protected] src]# tar xvf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# ./configure --with-nrpe-user=nagios --with-nrpe-group=nagios --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-command-args --enable-ssl [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# make all [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# make install-plugin [[email protected] nrpe-2.15]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
3.1 关于check_nrpe的一些用法
[[email protected] libexec]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -h NRPE Plugin for Nagios Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Ethan Galstad ([email protected]) Version: 2.15 Last Modified: 09-06-2013 License: GPL v2 with exemptions (-l for more info) SSL/TLS Available: Anonymous DH Mode, OpenSSL 0.9.6 or higher required Usage: check_nrpe -H <host> [ -b <bindaddr> ] [-4] [-6] [-n] [-u] [-p <port>] [-t <timeout>] [-c <command>] [-a <arglist...>] Options: -n = Do no use SSL -u = Make socket timeouts return an UNKNOWN state instead of CRITICAL <host> = The address of the host running the NRPE daemon <bindaddr> = bind to local address -4 = user ipv4 only -6 = user ipv6 only [port] = The port on which the daemon is running (default=5666) [timeout] = Number of seconds before connection times out (default=10) [command] = The name of the command that the remote daemon should run [arglist] = Optional arguments that should be passed to the command. Multiple arguments should be separated by a space. If provided, this must be the last option supplied on the command line. Note: This plugin requires that you have the NRPE daemon running on the remote host. You must also have configured the daemon to associate a specific plugin command with the [command] option you are specifying here. Upon receipt of the [command] argument, the NRPE daemon will run the appropriate plugin command and send the plugin output and return code back to *this* plugin. This allows you to execute plugins on remote hosts and ‘fake‘ the results to make Nagios think the plugin is being run locally.
相关语法格式：
[[email protected] libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H <host> [-n] [-u] [-p <port>] [-t <timeout>] [-a <arglist...>] [[email protected] libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.31.102 NRPE v2.15
3.2 定义相关命令
[[email protected] libexec]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/
添加内容到commands.cfg末尾
[[email protected] objects]# vim commands.cfg
define command{
command_name check_nrpe
command_line $USER1$/check_npre -H "$HOSTADDRESS$" -c "$ARG1$"
}
3.3 添加nagios.cfg配置文件内容
[[email protected] objects]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/linehost.cfg
3.4 定义主机linehost.cfg和服务service.cfg
[[email protected] objects]# grep -E -v "^#|^$" linehost.cfg define host{ use linux-server ; Name of host template to use ; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined ; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition. host_name linehost alias linehost address 192.168.31.102 } define hostgroup{ hostgroup_name my-linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup alias My Linux Servers ; Long name of the group members linehost ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group } [[email protected] objects]# vim services.cfg define service{ use local-service host_name linehost service_groups mysqlGroup service_description MySqlSev
check_command check_mysql
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name linehost
service_description PING
check_commandcheck_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name linehost
service_description Root Partition
check_commandcheck_local_disk!20%!10%!/
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name linehost
service_description Current Users
check_commandcheck_local_users!20!50
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name linehost
service_description Total Processes
check_commandcheck_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT
}
检查配置文件
[[email protected] objects]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
无错误信息重启服务
[[email protected] objects]# service nagios restartweb端进行查看验证
Nagios通过NRPE对远程linux服务器监控就介绍到这里，下一章将介绍Nagios对windowns主机的监控以及的邮件报警功能的配置
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