nginx的502问题
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1.配置错误
因为nginx找不到php-fpm了或者socket文件权限不对,所以报错,一般是nginx的配置文件中fastcgi_pass后面的路径配置不当,后面可以是socket或者是ip:port,从php5.4版本之后如果使用socket方式,默认权限给的比较低,所以需要把监听权限改为777,对应配置为 listen.mode=0777
2.资源耗尽
lnmp架构在处理php时,nginx直接调取后端的php-fpm服务,如果nginx的请求量偏高,我们又没有给php-fpm配置足够的子进程,那么php-fpm就会资源耗尽,一旦资源耗尽nginx找不到php-fpm就会出现502错误
解决方案:
去调整php-fpm.conf中的pm.max_children数值,使其增加,但是也不能无限增加,毕竟资源有限,一般4G内存机器如果跑php-fpm和nginx,不跑mysql可以设置为150,8G为300以此类推!
3.除了上面的两种错误还有其他的原因很少有,我们可以借助nginx的错误日志来进行排查
vim /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log 我们也可以给日志定义级别vim/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 找到error_log,默认是crit最严谨的就行,也可以改成debug显示的信息最全面,但是很容易撑爆我们的磁盘。
如下为:nginx解析php相关配置
[[email protected] vhost]# vim test.com.conf location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com/$fastcgi_script_name; } (如上在虚拟主机里面配置的php解析,需要注意几个地方1fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 这里的路径不要写错,如果写错会出现502问题, [[email protected] conf]# cat /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf [global] pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock (这个路径要与nginx虚拟主机的路径完全保持一致) listen.mode = 666 user = php-fpm group = php-fpm pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024 还有另一种情况就是php监听的不是sock,而是ip加端口的情况时 location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000 fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com/$fastcgi_script_name; } 这时fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000 这里就需要这样操作,这的ip要与php配置文件里面监听的地址保持一致) 第2个需要注意的地方:fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com/$fastcgi_script_name; 这里的路径要与server 下的 { listen 80; server_name test.com test2.com lll.com; index index.html index.htm index.php admin.php; root /data/wwwroot/test.com; 这个路径保持一致。 if ($host != ‘test.com‘ ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent; } 3.php5.4之后的版本有个特性: [[email protected] vhost]# vi /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf (在配置文件中) listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock listen.mode = 666 (如果监听的是sock就必须要监听mode) #listen.mode = 666 [[email protected] vhost]# ls -l /tmp/php-fcgi.sock srw-rw---- 1 root root 0 8月 15 03:02 /tmp/php-fcgi.sock (可以看到属主属组都为root,并且没有读的权限) [[email protected] vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/admin.php -I HTTP/1.1 502 Bad Gateway Server: nginx/1.12.1 Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2017 19:03:48 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 173 Connection: keep-alive (当在curl时会发现报502) [[email protected] vhost]# tail -n3 /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log 2017/08/14 22:24:06 [crit] 3684#0: *7 connect() to unix:/php-fcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "HEAD HTTP://test.com/admin.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com" 2017/08/15 03:03:48 [crit] 3682#0: *5 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "HEAD HTTP://test.com/admin.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com" 2017/08/15 03:06:03 [crit] 3682#0: *7 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "HEAD HTTP://test.com/admin.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com" (查看错误日志,Permission denied发现拒绝,没有权限。是因为它的属主,属组为nobody ,此时如果将/tmp/php-fcgi.sock 的权限设置为nobody就没有任何问题了) [[email protected] vhost]# ps aux |grep nginx root 3485 0.0 0.1 21272 1652 ? Ss 02:28 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 3682 0.0 0.2 23152 3796 ? S 03:01 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 3683 0.0 0.2 23152 3300 ? S 03:01 0:00 nginx: worker process root 3791 0.0 0.0 112664 972 pts/0 S+ 03:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx (还有一种情况也是502就是nginx的资源耗尽))
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