api 创建控件 (转)

Posted 2020-08-17 ? ---->home

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在Win32 SDK环境下，怎么来创建常用的那些基本控件呢？我们知道如果用MFC，简单的拖放即可完成大多数控件的创建，但是我们既然是用Windows SDK API编程，当然是从根上解决这个问题，实际上MFC的下层也是通过这些API完成的。

实际上控件也是窗口，只不过是被微软预先创建好的一种窗口类，比如button就是一个类名为“BUTTON”的类。既然控件实际上是窗口，当然也是用CreateWindow或者CreateWindowEx这个函数来完成的，第二个函数除了多一个扩展风格之外，其他完全一样，下面以主要以CreateWindow为例说明，该函数原型如下（实际上在第一篇已经讲过了）：

HWND CreateWindow(LPCTSTR lpClassName,

LPCTSTR lpWindowName,

DWORD dwStyle,

int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,

HWND hWndParent,

HMENU hMenu,

HANDLE hInstance,

PVOID lpParam

);

lpClassName：控件的类名

lpWindowName：控件的名字或者文本

dwStyle：控件风格

x，y，nWidth，nHeight：控件的坐标和宽高

hWndParent：控件的父窗口

hMenu：控件的ID

hInstance：控件设置为空

lpParam：控件设为空

那么具体怎么实现各个基本的控件呢？下面我们来先依次举例。

创建标签/静态文本

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("Test String"), WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 10, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_STATIC1, NULL, NULL);

创建button

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("Click Me"), WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 40, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_BUTTON1, NULL, NULL);

创建编辑框

1	CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("EDIT"), NULL, WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE\|WS_BORDER, 10, 70, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_EDIT1, NULL, NULL);

创建Groupbox

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("frame"), WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE\|BS_GROUPBOX, 120, 10, 130, 50, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FRAME1, NULL, NULL);

创建单选框

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("radio button"), WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE\|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 134, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MALE, NULL, NULL);

创建复选框

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("红色"), WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE\|BS_CHECKBOX\|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 120, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBRED, NULL, NULL);

创建列表框

1	CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("LISTBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE\|LBS_STANDARD, 10, 100, 80, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTBOX1, NULL, NULL);

创建组合框

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("COMBOBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE\|WS_VSCROLL\|CBS_AUTOHSCROLL\|CBS_DROPDOWNLIST, 120, 100, 100, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CB1, NULL, NULL);

创建滚动条

1	CreateWindow(TEXT("SCROLLBAR"), NULL, WS_CHILD\|WS_VISIBLE\|SBS_HORZ, 10, 200, 200, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_SCB1, NULL, NULL);

以上创建各个控件都很差傻瓜化，你可以复制下来改改坐标、文本、风格、ID等就可以按照你的需要创建了。

下面我们就来实战一下，把这些常用的控件在程序中实现，下面我们来实现一个完整的windows程序，程序中包含了这些常用的控件和更多的用法。

/* 常用控件实例 */

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#include <windows.h>

#define IDC_STATIC1 1001

#define IDC_BUTTON1 1002

#define IDC_EDIT1 1003

#define IDC_FRAME1 1004

#define IDC_MALE 2001

#define IDC_FEMALE 2002

#define IDC_LISTBOX1 1005

#define IDC_CB1 1006

#define IDC_CKBRED 1007

#define IDC_CKBGRN 1008

#define IDC_CKBBLU 1009

#define IDC_SCB1 1010

#define IDC_SCB2 1011

static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin32");

static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)

{

HWND hWnd;

MSG msg;

WNDCLASS wndclass;

wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;

wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;

wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;

wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;

wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);

wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;

wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))

{

MessageBox (NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);

return 0;

}

hWnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, // window class name

szAppName, // window caption

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style

CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position

CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position

400, // initial x size

300, // initial y size

NULL, // parent window handle

NULL, // window menu handle

hInstance, // program instance handle

NULL); // creation parameters

ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);

UpdateWindow(hWnd);

while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))

{

TranslateMessage(&msg);

DispatchMessage(&msg);

}

return msg.wParam;

}

static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

HWND hCtrl;

switch (message)

{

case WM_CREATE:

CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("Test String"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 10, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_STATIC1, NULL, NULL);

CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("Click Me"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, 10, 40, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_BUTTON1, NULL, NULL);

CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("EDIT"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER, 10, 70, 80, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_EDIT1, NULL, NULL);

CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("性别"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_GROUPBOX, 120, 10, 130, 50, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FRAME1, NULL, NULL);

CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("男"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 134, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MALE, NULL, NULL);

CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("女"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 194, 30, 40, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_FEMALE, NULL, NULL);

CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("红色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 120, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBRED, NULL, NULL);

CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("绿色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 180, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBGRN, NULL, NULL);

CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("蓝色"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 240, 70, 54, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CKBBLU, NULL, NULL);

hCtrl = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, TEXT("LISTBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|LBS_STANDARD, 10, 100, 80, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_LISTBOX1, NULL, NULL);

SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str1"));

SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str2"));

SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str3"));

SendMessage(hCtrl, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)TEXT("list str4"));

hCtrl = CreateWindow(TEXT("COMBOBOX"), NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_VSCROLL|CBS_AUTOHSCROLL|CBS_DROPDOWNLIST, 120, 100, 100, 90, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_CB1, NULL, NULL);