网络安全笔记第四天day4（kali基本操作）

Posted 2023-03-29 K‘Dash

基本操作

1.禁止自动锁屏和休眠

2.执行sudo -i提权，并为root用户设置密码

3.以root用户登入桌面，改用国内软件源

4.将kali系统关机，制作快照

1.操作步骤

步骤一：禁止自动锁屏和休眠

1.登录桌面环境

启动kali系统以后，以创建的普通用户登入

 2.打开电源管理器

单击桌面左上角‘龙标’--》设置--》电源管理器

 将空白、休眠、关闭都设为‘从不’然后点击‘关闭’即可

步骤二：执行sudo -i提权，并为root用户设置密码

1.打开终端模拟器

单击桌面左上‘终端模拟器’

 即可启动命令行窗口程序

 2.执行sudo -i命令提权

在第一次使用sudo时，还提示验证密码，这时需要输入当前普通用户的开机密码来完成验证，实际上在安装kali系统的过程中，安装程序已经将用户kali设置为允许使用sudo的备用管理员了，所以可以通过sudo -i 正常提权

┌──(k㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo -i                      //提权为管理员
[sudo] k 的密码：                //验证普通用户的开机密码
┏━(Message from Kali developers)
┃
┃ We have kept /usr/bin/python pointing to Python 2 for backwards
┃ compatibility. Learn how to change this and avoid this message:
┃ ⇒ https://www.kali.org/docs/general-use/python3-transition/
┃
┗━(Run “touch ~/.hushlogin” to hide this message)
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─#                                           //提权成功，权限标识由 $ 变为 #

3.为root用户设置密码

执行passwd root可以为管理员设置密码，根据提示输入2次新密码

┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# passwd root                         //为root用户设置密码                               
新的 密码：                              //输入新密码
重新输入新的 密码：                      //重复一次新密码
passwd：已成功更新密码

步骤三：以root用户登入桌面，改为国内软件源

1.注销当前kali用户

单击桌面右上角电源按钮，选择‘切换用户’

 2.改用root用户登入桌面

在登录窗口指定用户名为root，密码为我们设置的root账户密码

3. 找到/etc/apt/sources.list配置文件

进入桌面环境后，打开系统桌面上’文件系统‘

 然后通过‘文件系统’依次打开‘etc’--》‘apt’目录，找到sources.list文件

 4.双击打开文件，并修改文件

删除原有文本，修改为以下4行内容（使用阿里云和华为云的源）

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib

5.保存修改

确认修改无误，可以按快捷键ctrl+s保存文件，或者直接关闭Mousepad窗口，在弹出提示中选择‘保存’也可以

 6.刷新软件资料

执行apt-get update可更新软件资料。若无报错说明互联网可用，前面配置的软件源也可用。

┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# apt-get update          //更新软件资料
命中:1 https://repo.huaweicloud.com/kali kali-rolling InRelease
命中:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali-rolling InRelease
正在读取软件包列表... 完成

7.升级kali系统

执行apt-get dist-upgrade执行升级命令升级为最新系统包

┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# apt-get dist-upgrade                 //输入执行升级命令                                                                                                130 ⨯
正在读取软件包列表... 完成                    //开始执行
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成                 
正在计算更新... 完成
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：
  cryptsetup-run faraday-client fastjar fonts-roboto-slab gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-keybinder-3.0 gnome-session-canberra
  gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio jarwrapper kazam libaom0 libarmadillo10 libavfilter7 libavformat-extra58 libcbor0 libcharls2 libcodec2-0.9 libdap27
  libdapclient6v5 libdav1d4 libepsilon1 libfmt7 libgdal28 libgdk-pixbuf-xlib-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgeos-3.9.0 libidn11 libigdgmm11
  libnetcdf18 libntfs-3g883 libodbc1 libodbccr2 libomp-11-dev libomp5-11 libopts25 libperl5.32 libpoppler102 libpostproc55 libproj19
  libpython3.9 libpython3.9-dev libqhull8.0 librest-0.7-0 libsrt1.4-gnutls libswscale5 liburcu6 liburing1 libvpx6 libwebp6 libwireshark14
  libwiretap11 libwsutil12 libx264-160 libx265-192 libyara4 maltego odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 perl-modules-5.32
  python-mpltoolkits.basemap-data python3-deprecation python3-editor python3-exif python3-fastjsonschema python3-ipython-genutils
  python3-jupyter-core python3-mistune python3-nbformat python3-pbr python3-plotly python3-pylnk python3-pyproj python3-pyshp
  python3-singledispatch python3-stem python3-tenacity python3.9-dev ruby-atomic ruby-thread-safe ruby2.7 ruby2.7-dev zaproxy
使用'apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。
下列软件包将被【卸载】：
  exfat-utils libapache2-mod-php7.4 libavcodec58 libavformat58 libavresample4 libgnustep-base1.27 libsemanage1 libtbb2 libwacom2 php7.4
  php7.4-cli php7.4-common php7.4-json php7.4-mysql php7.4-opcache php7.4-readline python-is-python2 python3-flask-babelex
  python3-mpltoolkits.basemap python3-twisted-bin
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  aspnetcore-runtime-3.1 aspnetcore-targeting-pack-3.1 base58 binutils-mingw-w64-i686 binutils-mingw-w64-x86-64 clang-13 clang-14 cpp-11
  cron-daemon-common dbus-bin dbus-daemon dbus-session-bus-common dbus-system-bus-common dbus-x11 doc-base dotnet-apphost-pack-3.1
  dotnet-host dotnet-hostfxr-3.1 dotnet-runtime-3.1 dotnet-runtime-deps-3.1 dotnet-sdk-3.1 dotnet-targeting-pack-3.1 dvisvgm espeak-ng-data
  evil-winrm exfatprogs faraday-agent-dispatcher faraday-cli ffuf firmware-sof-signed fonts-freefont-ttf fonts-liberation2 fonts-lmodern
  fonts-texgyre g++-11 gcc-11 gcc-11-base gcc-12-base gcc-mingw-w64-base gcc-mingw-w64-i686-win32 gcc-mingw-w64-i686-win32-runtime
  gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64-win32 gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64-win32-runtime gdal-plugins ghostscript gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gnome-icon-theme gnutls-bin gsfonts
  gss-ntlmssp gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gvmd gvmd-common icu-devtools imagemagick-6-common isympy-common isympy3 kali-linux-firmware
  kali-tweaks kali-wallpapers-2022 kismet-capture-nrf-52840 kismet-capture-rz-killerbee libao-common libao4 libaom3 libapache-pom-java
  libapache2-mod-php8.1 libarchive-zip-perl libaribb24-0 libarmadillo11 libasan8 libatk-adaptor libavcodec-extra58 libavcodec59 libavfilter8
  libavformat-extra58 libavformat59 libavutil57 libbit-vector-perl libbrlapi0.8 libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcarp-clan-perl libcbor0.8
  libcjson1 libclang-common-13-dev libclang-common-14-dev libclang-cpp13 libclang-cpp14 libclang1-13 libclang1-14 libcloudproviders0
  libcodec2-1.0 libcommon-sense-perl libcommons-logging-java libcommons-parent-java libcrypt-rc4-perl libcurl3-nss libdate-calc-perl
  libdate-calc-xs-perl libdav1d6 libdc1394-25 libdca0 libdecor-0-0 libdecor-0-plugin-1-cairo libdigest-perl-md5-perl libdotconf0 libdvdnav4
  libespeak-ng1 libfaad2 libffi8 libfftw3-single3 libflashrom1 libfluidsynth3 libfmt8 libfontbox-java libfreeaptx0 libftdi1-2 libgcc-11-dev
  libgcc-12-dev libgdal31 libgeos3.11.0 libgnustep-base1.28 libgnutls-dane0 libgprofng0 libgssdp-1.2-0 libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0
  libgtk-4-1 libgtk-4-bin libgtk-4-common libgtksourceview-4-0 libgtksourceview-4-common libgupnp-1.2-1 libgupnp-igd-1.0-4 libgvm21
  libhiredis0.14 libicu-dev libicu71 libidn12 libigdgmm12 libilmbase25 libimage-exiftool-perl libinstpatch-1.0-2 libio-stringy-perl
  libjavascriptcoregtk-4.1-0 libjcode-pm-perl libjemalloc2 libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libjxr-tools libjxr0 libkate1 libldacbt-enc2
  libldap-2.5-0 libldap-common liblerc4 libllvm13 libllvm14 liblouis-data liblouis20 liblqr-1-0 libltc11 liblzf1 libmagickcore-6.q16-6
  libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra libmagickwand-6.q16-6 libmanette-0.2-0 libmbedcrypto7 libmime-charset-perl libmjpegutils-2.1-0 libmodplug1
  libmousepad0 libmpcdec6 libmpeg2encpp-2.1-0 libmplex2-2.1-0 libnetcdf19 libnice10 libnma-gtk4-0 libntfs-3g89 libobjc-11-dev libobjc-12-dev
  libodbc2 libodbccr2 libodbcinst2 libole-storage-lite-perl libopenexr25 libopengl0 libopenh264-6 libopenni2-0 libopusfile0
  libparse-recdescent-perl libpcaudio0 libpdfbox-java libperl5.34 libpipewire-0.3-0 libpipewire-0.3-common libpipewire-0.3-modules
  libplacebo192 libpoppler118 libportmidi0 libpostproc56 libproj25 libpskc0 libptexenc1 libpython3.10 libpython3.10-dev libpython3.10-minimal
  libpython3.10-stdlib libqhull-r8.0 libqrtr-glib0 libradcli4 libraqm0 librist4 libruby3.0 libsdl2-2.0-0 libsdl2-image-2.0-0
  libsdl2-mixer-2.0-0 libsdl2-ttf-2.0-0 libsemanage2 libsepol2 libsombok3 libsonic0 libsoundtouch1 libsoup-3.0-0 libsoup-3.0-common
  libsoup2.4-common libspa-0.2-modules libspeechd2 libspreadsheet-parseexcel-perl libspreadsheet-writeexcel-perl libsrt1.5-gnutls libsrtp2-1
  libssl3 libstdc++-11-dev libstdc++-12-dev libstring-crc32-perl libsvtav1enc1 libswresample4 libswscale6 libsystemd-shared libtbb12
  libtbbmalloc2 libteckit0 libtexlua53-5 libtexluajit2 libtsan2 libtss2-tctildr0 libtypes-serialiser-perl libunbound8
  libunicode-linebreak-perl libunicode-map-perl liburcu8 liburing2 libuuid-perl libvo-aacenc0 libvo-amrwbenc0 libvpx7 libwacom9
  libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0 libwebp7 libwildmidi2 libwireshark15 libwiretap12 libwmflite-0.2-7 libwsutil13 libx264-163 libx264-164 libx265-199
  libxcb-damage0 libxcvt0 libxml2-dev libyaml-tiny-perl libyara9 libzbar0 libzimg2 libzxingcore1 libzzip-0-13 linux-image-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
  llvm-11-linker-tools llvm-13 llvm-13-dev llvm-13-linker-tools llvm-13-runtime llvm-13-tools llvm-14 llvm-14-dev llvm-14-linker-tools
  llvm-14-runtime llvm-14-tools lmodern lua-bitop lua-cjson mingw-w64-common mingw-w64-i686-dev mingw-w64-x86-64-dev
  netstandard-targeting-pack-2.1 ntpsec onboard onboard-common onboard-data openvas-scanner orca ospd-openvas perl-modules-5.34 perl-tk
  php8.1 php8.1-cli php8.1-common php8.1-mysql php8.1-opcache php8.1-readline pipewire pipewire-bin pipewire-media-session pkexec plocate
  polkitd postgresql-14 postgresql-client-14 powershell powershell-empire preview-latex-style proj-bin python-is-python3 python3-aiofiles
  python3-aiosignal python3-aiosmb python3-altgraph python3-anyio python3-arrow python3-backoff python3-base58 python3-bidict python3-bleach
  python3-bluepy python3-brlapi python3-censys python3-charset-normalizer python3-cheroot python3-cherrypy-cors python3-cli-helpers
  python3-cmd2 python3-commonmark python3-dataclasses-json python3-deprecated python3-distlib python3-docopt python3-donut python3-dotenv
  python3-dropbox python3-dsinternals python3-engineio python3-faraday-agent-parameters-types python3-fastapi python3-fastjsonschema
  python3-filelock python3-flask-limiter python3-flask-socketio python3-flatbuffers python3-fonttools python3-frozenlist python3-fs
  python3-gexf python3-greenlet python3-gvm python3-httpagentparser python3-httpcore python3-httpx python3-jaraco.classes
  python3-jaraco.collections python3-jaraco.context python3-jaraco.functools python3-jaraco.text python3-jq python3-json-pointer python3-jwt
  python3-kismetcapturebtgeiger python3-limiter python3-limits python3-log-symbols python3-louis python3-macholib python3-marshmallow-enum
  python3-matplotlib-inline python3-mistune0 python3-mnemonic python3-mpmath python3-mypy-extensions python3-netifaces python3-newt
  python3-ntp python3-pbr python3-pendulum python3-pil.imagetk python3-pip python3-pip-whl python3-platformdirs python3-portend
  python3-psutil python3-publicsuffixlist python3-py-sneakers python3-pyatspi python3-pydantic python3-pydispatch python3-pygame
  python3-pyinstaller python3-pylnk3 python3-pyminifier python3-pymysql python3-pytz-deprecation-shim python3-pytzdata python3-pyvnc
  python3-responses python3-rfc3986 python3-rfc3987 python3-rich python3-setuptools-whl python3-sgmllib3k python3-simple-rest-client
  python3-slowapi python3-slugify python3-sniffio python3-socketio python3-speechd python3-spinners python3-spyse python3-sqlalchemy-utc
  python3-starlette python3-status python3-stone python3-sympy python3-tempora python3-tenacity python3-token-bucket python3-typing-inspect
  python3-ufolib2 python3-ujson python3-unicodedata2 python3-uritemplate python3-uvicorn python3-validators python3-virtualenv
  python3-webcolors python3-websockify python3-wheel python3-wheel-whl python3-wrapt python3-xlrd python3-xlutils python3-zapv2
  python3-zc.lockfile python3-zlib-wrapper python3.10 python3.10-dev python3.10-minimal racc redis-server redis-tools rpcsvc-proto
  ruby-builder ruby-domain-name ruby-erubi ruby-gssapi ruby-gyoku ruby-http-cookie ruby-httpclient ruby-little-plugger ruby-logging
  ruby-mini-portile2 ruby-multi-json ruby-nori ruby-ntlm ruby-oj ruby-sqlite3 ruby-unf ruby-unf-ext ruby-webrick ruby-winrm ruby-winrm-fs
  ruby3.0 ruby3.0-dev ruby3.0-doc sane-airscan sgml-base sound-icons speech-dispatcher speech-dispatcher-audio-plugins
  speech-dispatcher-espeak-ng t1utils tcl tex-common tex-gyre texlive-base texlive-binaries texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-latex-base
  texlive-latex-extra texlive-latex-recommended texlive-pictures texlive-plain-generic tightvncpasswd timgm6mb-soundfont tipa tk tk8.6 tnftp
  tree unicode-data unixodbc-common util-linux-extra xbrlapi xcvt xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk xkbset xml-twig-tools zstd
下列软件包的版本将保持不变：
  default-mysql-server nfs-common
下列软件包将被升级：
  acl adduser adwaita-icon-theme aircrack-ng amass amass-common amd64-microcode apache2 apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils apparmor apt
  apt-utils arj arp-scan arping aspell at-spi2-core atftpd atril atril-common attr avahi-daemon axel base-files base-passwd bash
  bash-completion bind9-dnsutils bind9-host bind9-libs binfmt-support binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu binwalk blueman
  bluez bluez-firmware bluez-hcidump bluez-obexd bsdextrautils bsdmainutils bsdutils bubblewrap bulk-extractor bully bundler burpsuite
  busybox bzip2 ca-certificates ca-certificates-java cadaver calendar catfish cewl cgpt cherrytree chntpw cifs-utils clang clang-11 colord
  colord-data command-not-found commix console-setup console-setup-linux coreutils cpio cpp cpp-10 crackmapexec creddump7 cron cryptsetup
  cryptsetup-bin cryptsetup-initramfs cryptsetup-nuke-password cryptsetup-run curl cython3 dash dbus dbus-user-session
  dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service dcraw debconf debconf-i18n debian-archive-keyring debianutils desktop-base dictionaries-common
  dirmngr distro-info-data dmidecode dmitry dmsetup dnsenum dnsrecon dos2unix dosfstools dpkg dpkg-dev e2fsprogs eject enchant-2 engrampa
  engrampa-common enum4linux ethtool ettercap-common ettercap-graphical exiv2 exo-utils exploitdb fakeroot faraday fdisk fern-wifi-cracker
  fierce file findutils firebird3.0-common firebird3.0-common-doc firefox-esr firmware-amd-graphics firmware-atheros firmware-brcm80211
  firmware-intel-sound firmware-iwlwifi firmware-libertas firmware-linux firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-misc-nonfree firmware-realtek
  firmware-ti-connectivity firmware-zd1211 flac fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-cantarell fonts-firacode fonts-font-awesome fonts-lyx
  fonts-noto-color-emoji fping freerdp2-x11 freetds-common ftp fuse3 g++ g++-10 galera-4 gcc gcc-10 gcc-10-base gcr gdal-data gdisk
  geoclue-2.0 gettext-base gir1.2-atk-1.0 gir1.2-ayatanaappindicator3-0.1 gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-glib-2.0
  gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-harfbuzz-0.0 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0
  gir1.2-nm-1.0 gir1.2-pango-1.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4 gir1.2-vte-2.91 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 git git-man glib-networking
  glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gnome-keyring gnome-keyring-pkcs11 gnome-session-canberra gnupg gnupg-l10n gnupg-utils
  gnustep-base-common gnustep-base-runtime gnustep-common gobject-introspection gparted gparted-common gpg gpg-agent gpg-wks-client
  gpg-wks-server gpgconf gpgsm gpgv graphviz grep groff-base grub-common grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common gsettings-desktop-schemas
  gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio
  gstreamer1.0-x gtk-update-icon-cache gtk2-engines-murrine gtk2-engines-pixbuf guymager gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-common gvfs-daemons
  gvfs-fuse gvfs-libs gzip hashcat hashcat-data hashdeep hotpatch hunspell-en-us hwloc hydra hydra-gtk i2c-tools ieee-data ifenslave ifupdown
  ike-scan impacket-scripts inetutils-inetd init init-system-helpers initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-core intel-media-va-driver
  intel-microcode ipp-usb iproute2 iptables iputils-ping ipython3 isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common iso-codes iw john john-data
  kali-archive-keyring kali-defaults kali-defaults-desktop kali-desktop-base kali-desktop-core kali-desktop-xfce kali-linux-core
  kali-linux-default kali-linux-headless kali-menu kali-themes kali-themes-common kali-tools-top10 kali-undercover kali-wallpapers-2019.4
  kali-wallpapers-2020.4 kazam keyboard-configuration keyutils king-phisher kismet kismet-capture-common kismet-capture-linux-bluetooth
  kismet-capture-linux-wifi kismet-capture-nrf-51822 kismet-capture-nrf-mousejack kismet-capture-nxp-kw41z kismet-capture-ti-cc-2531
  kismet-capture-ti-cc-2540 kismet-capture-ubertooth-one kismet-core kismet-logtools klibc-utils kmod laudanum ldap-utils legion less
  lib32gcc-s1 lib32stdc++6 libaa1 libaacs0 libacl1 libaec0 libafflib0v5 libaio1 libalgorithm-merge-perl libapache2-mod-php libapparmor1
  libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libapt-pkg-perl libapt-pkg6.0 libarchive13 libargon2-1 libarmadillo10 libasan6
  libasound2 libasound2-data libasound2-plugins libaspell15 libass9 libassuan0 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni
  libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatkmm-1.6-1v5 libatomic1 libatrildocument3 libatrilview3 libatspi2.0-0 libattr1 libaudit-common libaudit1
  libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libavahi-core7 libavahi-glib1 libavfilter7 libavutil56 libayatana-appindicator3-1
  libayatana-ido3-0.4-0 libayatana-indicator3-7 libbinutils libblas3 libblkid1 libblockdev-crypto2 libblockdev-fs2 libblockdev-loop2
  libblockdev-part-err2 libblockdev-part2 libblockdev-swap2 libblockdev-utils2 libblockdev2 libblosc1 libbluetooth3 libbluray2 libbpf0
  libbrotli1 libbs2b0 libbsd0 libbson-1.0-0 libbz2-1.0 libc-ares2 libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc-l10n libc6 libc6-dev libc6-i386 libcaca0
  libcairo-gobject2 libcairo2 libcaja-extension1 libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module
  libcanberra0 libcap-ng0 libcapstone-dev libcapstone4 libcc1-0 libcdio19 libcdparanoia0 libcdt5 libcfitsio9 libcgi-pm-perl libcgraph6
  libcharls2 libchromaprint1 libclang-common-11-dev libclang-cpp11 libclang1-11 libcli1.10 libcolord2 libcolorhug2 libcom-err2 libcrypt-dev
  libcrypt-random-seed-perl libcrypt-ssleay-perl libcrypt1 libcrypto++8 libcryptsetup12 libct4 libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libcups2 libcurl3-gnutls
  libcurl4 libdap27 libdapclient6v5 libdate-manip-perl libdatrie1 libdb5.3 libdbd-mariadb-perl libdbi-perl libdbus-1-3 libdbus-glib-1-2
  libdbusmenu-glib4 libdbusmenu-gtk3-4 libdconf1 libde265-0 libdebconfclient0 libdeflate0 libdevmapper1.02.1 libdigest-hmac-perl
  libdjvulibre-text libdjvulibre21 libdns-export1110 libdouble-conversion3 libdpkg-perl libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-common libdrm-intel1
  libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libdv4 libdvdread8 libdw1 libedit2 libegl-mesa0 libegl1 libelf1 libenchant-2-2 libencode-locale-perl
  libepoxy0 libestr0 libevdev2 libevent-2.1-7 libevent-core-2.1-7 libevent-openssl-2.1-7 libevent-pthreads-2.1-7 libewf2 libexif12
  libexiv2-27 libexo-2-0 libexo-common libexpat1 libexpat1-dev libext2fs2 libfakeroot libfbclient2 libfcgi-perl libfdisk1 libffi-dev libffi7
  libfido2-1 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-fcntllock-perl libfile-listing-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libflac8 libflite1 libfontconfig1
  libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp2-2 libfreetype6 libfribidi0 libfstrm0 libfuse2 libfuse3-3 libgbm1 libgc1 libgcc-10-dev libgcc-s1 libgck-1-0
  libgcr-base-3-1 libgcr-ui-3-1 libgcrypt20 libgd3 libgdata-common libgdata22 libgdbm-compat4 libgdbm6 libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0
  libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgeoip1 libgeos-c1v5 libgeotiff5 libgfortran5 libgif7 libgirepository-1.0-1 libgl1
  libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libglibmm-2.4-1v5 libglu1-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0
  libgmp-dev libgmp10 libgmpxx4ldbl libgnutls30 libgoa-1.0-0b libgoa-1.0-common libgomp1 libgpg-error0 libgpgme11 libgphoto2-6
  libgphoto2-l10n libgphoto2-port12 libgpm2 libgraphene-1.0-0 libgs9 libgs9-common libgsm1 libgspell-1-2 libgspell-1-common libgssapi-krb5-2
  libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgstreamer1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-common
  libgtkmm-3.0-1v5 libgtksourceview-3.0-1 libgtksourceviewmm-3.0-0v5 libgts-0.7-5 libgts-bin libgudev-1.0-0 libgusb2 libgvc6 libgvpr2
  libgxps2 libharfbuzz-icu0 libharfbuzz0b libhdf4-0-alt libhdf5-103-1 libhdf5-hl-100 libheif1 libhogweed6 libhtml-parser-perl
  libhtml-template-perl libhttp-dav-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-server-simple-perl libhunspell-1.7-0 libhwloc-plugins libhwloc15
  libi2c0 libical3 libidn2-0 libiec61883-0 libimagequant0 libimobiledevice6 libiniparser1 libinput-bin libinput10 libio-html-perl
  libio-multiplex-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libip4tc2 libip6tc2 libipc-shareable-perl libisc-export1105 libisl23
  libitm1 libjack-jackd2-0 libjansson4 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 libjbig2dec0 libjpeg-turbo-progs libjpeg62-turbo libjs-jquery
  libjs-jquery-ui libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore libjson-c5 libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson-glib-1.0-common libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libklibc
  libkmod2 libkpathsea6 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libksba8 liblab-gamut1 liblapack3 liblbfgsb0 liblcms2-2 libldap-2.4-2 libldb2
  liblightdm-gobject-1-0 liblilv-0-0 liblist-moreutils-xs-perl libllvm11 liblocale-gettext-perl liblognorm5 liblsan0 libltdl7 liblua5.2-0
  liblua5.3-0 libluajit-5.1-2 libluajit-5.1-common liblz4-1 liblz4-dev liblzma5 libmagic-dev libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmariadb3 libmaxminddb0
  libmbim-glib4 libmbim-proxy libmd0 libmd4c0 libmfx1 libmm-glib0 libmongoc-1.0-0 libmongocrypt0 libmount1 libmpc3 libmpdec3 libmpg123-0
  libmtp-common libmtp-runtime libmtp9 libmysofa1 libncurses-dev libncurses5 libncurses6 libncursesw6 libndp0 libneon27-gnutls
  libnet-cidr-perl libnet-dbus-perl libnet-dns-perl libnet-dns-sec-perl libnet-http-perl libnet-libidn-perl libnet-netmask-perl
  libnet-ssleay-perl libnet-whois-ip-perl libnet1 libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnetfilter-queue1 libnettle8 libnewt0.52 libnfnetlink0
  libnfsidmap2 libnftables1 libnftnl11 libnghttp2-14 libnginx-mod-http-geoip libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter
  libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libnginx-mod-stream-geoip libnl-3-200 libnl-genl-3-200 libnl-route-3-200 libnm0 libnma-common libnma0
  libnorm1 libnotify-bin libnotify4 libnspr4 libnss-mdns libnss-systemd libnss3 libntfs-3g883 libnuma1 libnumber-bytes-human-perl
  libobjc-10-dev libobjc4 libodbc1 libogdi4.1 libogg0 libomp-11-dev libomp5-11 libopenconnect5 libopenjp2-7 libopenmpt0 libopts25 libopus0
  liborc-0.4-0 libout123-0 libp11-kit0 libpam-gnome-keyring libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam-systemd libpam0g
  libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpangomm-1.4-1v5 libpangoxft-1.0-0 libparted-fs-resize0 libparted2 libpathplan4
  libpcap0.8 libpci3 libpciaccess0 libpcre2-16-0 libpcre2-8-0 libpcre3 libpcsclite1 libperl5.32 libpfm4 libpipeline1 libpkcs11-helper1
  libplist3 libplymouth5 libpng16-16 libpocketsphinx3 libpocl2 libpocl2-common libpod-parser-perl libpolkit-agent-1-0 libpolkit-gobject-1-0
  libpoppler-glib8 libpopt0 libportaudio2 libpostproc55 libpq5 libprocps8 libprotobuf-c1 libprotobuf23 libproxy1v5 libproxychains4
  libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulse0 libpulsedsp libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libpython3-dev libpython3-stdlib
  libpython3.9 libpython3.9-dev libpython3.9-minimal libpython3.9-stdlib libqhull8.0 libqmi-glib5 libqmi-proxy libqscintilla2-qt5-15
  libqscintilla2-qt5-l10n libqt5charts5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5designer5 libqt5gui5 libqt5help5 libqt5multimedia5
  libqt5multimedia5-plugins libqt5multimediagsttools5 libqt5multimediawidgets5 libqt5network5 libqt5positioning5 libqt5printsupport5
  libqt5qml5 libqt5qmlmodels5 libqt5quick5 libqt5sensors5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5test5 libqt5webchannel5 libqt5webkit5
  libqt5widgets5 libqt5x11extras5 libqt5xml5 libquadmath0 librabbitmq4 libradare2-5.0.0 libradare2-common libradare2-dev libreadline8
  libregexp-assemble-perl librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common librtlsdr0 librubberband2 libruby2.7 libsamplerate0 libsane-common libsane1 libsasl2-2
  libsasl2-modules-db libsbc1 libseccomp2 libsecret-1-0 libsecret-common libselinux1 libsemanage-common libserd-0-0 libserf-1-1 libshout3
  libsigc++-2.0-0v5 libsigsegv2 libslang2 libsmartcols1 libsmbclient libsnappy1v5 libsndfile1 libsndio7.0 libsnmp-base libsnmp40
  libsocket6-perl libsord-0-0 libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libspatialite7 libspectre1 libspeex1 libspeexdsp1 libsphinxbase3 libsqlite3-0
  libsratom-0-0 libsrt1.4-gnutls libss2 libssh-4 libssh-gcrypt-4 libssh2-1 libssl1.1 libstdc++-10-dev libstdc++6 libstring-random-perl
  libstrongswan libsuperlu5 libsvn1 libswresample3 libswscale5 libsybdb5 libsyn123-0 libsynctex2 libsystemd0 libsz2 libtag1v5
  libtag1v5-vanilla libtagc0 libtalloc2 libtasn1-6 libtcl8.6 libtdb1 libterm-readkey-perl libtevent0 libtext-charwidth-perl
  libtext-iconv-perl libthai-data libthai0 libtheora0 libthunarx-3-0 libtiff5 libtimedate-perl libtinfo-dev libtinfo5 libtinfo6
  libtirpc-common libtirpc-dev libtirpc3 libtk8.6 libtry-tiny-perl libtsan0 libtsk19 libtss2-esys-3.0.2-0 libtss2-mu0 libtss2-sys1
  libtss2-tcti-cmd0 libtss2-tcti-device0 libtss2-tcti-mssim0 libtss2-tcti-swtpm0 libturbojpeg0 libubertooth1 libubsan1 libudev1 libudfread0
  libudisks2-0 libunistring2 libupower-glib3 liburcu6 liburi-perl liburiparser1 libusb-1.0-0 libutf8proc2 libuuid1 libuv1 libuv1-dev libv4l-0
  libv4lconvert0 libva-drm2 libva-x11-2 libva2 libvdpau1 libvhdi1 libvisual-0.4-0 libvmdk1 libvolume-key1 libvte-2.91-0 libvte-2.91-common
  libvulkan1 libwacom-bin libwacom-common libwavpack1 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-egl1 libwayland-server0 libwbclient0
  libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 libwebpdemux2 libwebpmux3 libwebsockets16 libwinpr2-2 libwireshark-data libwireshark14 libwiretap11 libwnck-3-0
  libwnck-3-common libwoff1 libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 libwsutil12 libwww-mechanize-perl libwww-perl libx11-6 libx11-data
  libx11-protocol-perl libx11-xcb1 libxatracker2 libxaw7 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-image0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0
  libxcb-render0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinput0 libxcb-xkb1 libxcb1 libxcursor1
  libxdo3 libxerces-c3.2 libxext6 libxfce4panel-2.0-4 libxfce4ui-2-0 libxfce4ui-common libxfce4ui-utils libxfixes3 libxfont2 libxft2 libxi6
  libxinerama1 libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxkbcommon0 libxml-parser-perl libxml2 libxml2-utils libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-openssl libxmu6 libxmuu1
  libxnvctrl0 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxres1 libxslt1.1 libxt6 libxtables12 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxhash0 libyaml-0-2 libyara4 libz3-4
  libz3-dev libzip-dev libzip4 libzmq5 libzstd1 libzvbi-common libzvbi0 lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings linux-base
  linux-image-amd64 linux-libc-dev llvm-11 llvm-11-dev llvm-11-runtime llvm-11-tools locales login logrotate logsave lsb-base lsb-release
  lsof lua-lpeg magicrescue mailcap make maltego man-db manpages mariadb-client-10.5 mariadb-client-core-10.5 mariadb-common
  mariadb-server-10.5 mariadb-server-core-10.5 maskprocessor mate-calc mate-calc-common mate-desktop-common mate-terminal
  mate-terminal-common mawk media-types medusa mesa-va-drivers mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers metasploit-framework mimikatz minicom
  mitmproxy mlocate mobile-broadband-provider-info modemmanager mount mousepad mpg123 mtd-utils mysql-common nano nbtscan ncal ncompress
  ncrack ncurses-base ncurses-bin ncurses-term netbase netcat-traditional netdiscover netsniff-ng network-manager network-manager-gnome
  network-manager-l2tp network-manager-l2tp-gnome network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome network-manager-openvpn
  network-manager-openvpn-gnome network-manager-pptp network-manager-pptp-gnome network-manager-vpnc network-manager-vpnc-gnome nftables
  nginx nginx-common nginx-core ngrep nmap nmap-common node-normalize.css notification-daemon ntfs-3g ntp ocl-icd-libopencl1 odbcinst
  odbcinst1debian2 open-vm-tools open-vm-tools-desktop openconnect openfortivpn openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless openssh-client
  openssh-server openssh-sftp-server openssl openvpn ophcrack ophcrack-cli os-prober p11-kit p11-kit-modules parted passing-the-hash passwd
  pavucontrol pci.ids pciutils pdf-parser pdfid perl perl-base perl-modules-5.32 perl-openssl-defaults pgcli php php-common php-mysql
  pinentry-curses pinentry-gnome3 plymouth plymouth-label pocl-opencl-icd policykit-1 policykit-1-gnome poppler-data postgresql
  postgresql-client-common postgresql-common powersploit ppp procps proj-data proxychains4 proxytunnel psmisc publicsuffix pulseaudio
  pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-utils pyqt5-dev-tools python-apt-common python-babel-localedata python-cffi-backend
  python-matplotlib-data python-pastedeploy-tpl python-tables-data python2 python2-minimal python2.7 python2.7-minimal python3 python3-aiodns
  python3-aiohttp python3-aioredis python3-aiosqlite python3-aiowinreg python3-alembic python3-aniso8601 python3-apispec python3-appdirs
  python3-apscheduler python3-apt python3-asciitree python3-asgiref python3-asn1crypto python3-async-timeout python3-asysocks python3-attr
  python3-autobahn python3-automat python3-babel python3-backcall python3-bcrypt python3-binwalk python3-blinker python3-boltons
  python3-bottle python3-bottleneck python3-brotli python3-bs4 python3-cairo python3-cairo-dev python3-cairocffi python3-cbor python3-cffi
  python3-cffi-backend python3-chardet python3-cherrypy3 python3-click python3-colorama python3-configobj python3-constantly
  python3-cryptography python3-cycler python3-dateutil python3-dbus python3-debian python3-defusedxml python3-deprecation python3-dev
  python3-dicttoxml python3-distro python3-distutils python3-django python3-dnslib python3-dnspython python3-docx python3-ecdsa
  python3-editor python3-email-validator python3-exif python3-exifread python3-faraday-plugins python3-feedparser python3-flasgger
  python3-flask python3-flask-kvsession python3-flask-login python3-flask-mail python3-flask-principal python3-flask-restful
  python3-flask-sqlalchemy python3-flaskext.wtf python3-future python3-gdal python3-geoip2 python3-gi python3-gi-cairo python3-git
  python3-gitdb python3-gpg python3-graphene python3-graphene-sqlalchemy python3-graphql-core python3-graphql-relay python3-h11 python3-h2
  python3-hamcrest python3-hiredis python3-html2text python3-humanize python3-hupper python3-hyperlink python3-icalendar python3-idna
  python3-impacket python3-importlib-metadata python3-incremental python3-invoke python3-ipython python3-ipython-genutils
  python3-itsdangerous python3-jinja2 python3-jsonschema python3-jupyter-core python3-kaitaistruct python3-kismetcapturefreaklabszigbee
  python3-kismetcapturertl433 python3-kismetcapturertladsb python3-kismetcapturertlamr python3-kiwisolver python3-ldap3
  python3-ldapdomaindump python3-ldb python3-lib2to3 python3-llvmlite python3-lsassy python3-lxml python3-lz4 python3-magic python3-mako
  python3-markdown python3-markupsafe python3-marshmallow python3-marshmallow-sqlalchemy python3-matplotlib python3-maxminddb
  python3-mechanize python3-minidump python3-minikerberos python3-minimal python3-mistune python3-more-itertools python3-msgpack
  python3-msldap python3-multidict python3-mysqldb python3-nacl python3-nassl python3-nbformat python3-netaddr python3-networkx
  python3-nplusone python3-ntlm-auth python3-numba python3-numexpr python3-numpy python3-odf python3-openpyxl python3-openssl
  python3-packaging python3-pampy python3-pandas python3-pandas-lib python3-paramiko python3-passlib python3-paste python3-pastedeploy
  python3-pastescript python3-pcapy python3-pefile python3-pexpect python3-pgspecial python3-phonenumbers python3-pickleshare python3-pil
  python3-pkg-resources python3-plaster python3-plaster-pastedeploy python3-plotly python3-pluginbase python3-ply python3-prettytable
  python3-promise python3-prompt-toolkit python3-protobuf python3-psycopg2 python3-ptyprocess python3-publicsuffix2 python3-pyasn1
  python3-pyasn1-modules python3-pycares python3-pycparser python3-pycryptodome python3-pycurl python3-pydot python3-pyee python3-pyexploitdb
  python3-pyfiglet python3-pygments python3-pygraphviz python3-pyinotify python3-pylnk python3-pymssql python3-pyotp python3-pyparsing
  python3-pypdf2 python3-pyperclip python3-pyproj python3-pypykatz python3-pyqt5 python3-pyqt5.sip python3-pyqtgraph python3-pyramid
  python3-pyrsistent python3-pyshp python3-pysmi python3-pysnmp4 python3-pywerview python3-qrcode python3-quamash python3-repoze.lru
  python3-requests python3-requests-ntlm python3-requests-toolbelt python3-routes python3-rq python3-ruamel.yaml python3-ruamel.yaml.clib
  python3-rx python3-samba python3-scipy python3-secure python3-serial python3-service-identity python3-setproctitle python3-setuptools
  python3-shodan python3-simplejson python3-singledispatch python3-six python3-smmap python3-smoke-zephyr python3-snappy
  python3-sortedcontainers python3-soupsieve python3-speaklater python3-sqlalchemy python3-sqlalchemy-ext python3-sqlparse python3-stem
  python3-tables python3-tables-lib python3-tabulate python3-talloc python3-tdb python3-tempita python3-terminaltables python3-texttable
  python3-tk python3-tld python3-tornado python3-tqdm python3-traitlets python3-translationstring python3-trie python3-twisted python3-txaio
  python3-typing-extensions python3-tz python3-tzlocal python3-u-msgpack python3-ubjson python3-unicodecsv python3-unidecode python3-urllib3
  python3-urwid python3-uvloop python3-venusian python3-wcwidth python3-webargs python3-webencodings python3-webob python3-websocket
  python3-websockets python3-werkzeug python3-winacl python3-wsaccel python3-wsproto python3-wtforms python3-xcffib python3-xlsxwriter
  python3-xlwt python3-yaml python3-yara python3-yarl python3-yaswfp python3-zipp python3-zope.deprecation python3-zope.interface python3.9
  python3.9-dev python3.9-minimal qt5-gtk-platformtheme qt5ct qtbase5-dev-tools qttranslations5-l10n radare2 rake readline-common rebind
  recon-ng recordmydesktop responder rfkill ristretto rpcbind rsync rsyslog ruby ruby-activesupport ruby-addressable ruby-atomic ruby-bundler
  ruby-cms-scanner ruby-concurrent ruby-dev ruby-ethon ruby-ffi ruby-i18n ruby-mime-types-data ruby-minitest ruby-net-http-digest-auth
  ruby-net-telnet ruby-nokogiri ruby-opt-parse-validator ruby-pkg-config ruby-power-assert ruby-progressbar ruby-public-suffix ruby-rubygems
  ruby-typhoeus ruby-tzinfo ruby-xmlrpc ruby-yajl ruby-zeitwerk ruby-zip ruby2.7 ruby2.7-dev runit-helper samba samba-common samba-common-bin
  samba-dsdb-modules samba-libs samba-vfs-modules samdump2 sane-utils screen sed sensible-utils shared-mime-info skipfish sleuthkit
  smartmontools smbclient snmp snmpd socat sphinx-rtd-theme-common spiderfoot spooftooph sqlite3 sqlmap squashfs-tools ssl-cert ssldump
  sslscan sslsplit sslyze statsprocessor strongswan strongswan-charon strongswan-libcharon strongswan-starter stunnel4 subversion sudo swaks
  sysstat systemd systemd-sysv sysvinit-utils tango-icon-theme tar tasksel tasksel-data tcl8.6 tcpdump tcpick tcpreplay tdb-tools telnet
  testdisk thc-ipv6 thc-pptp-bruter theharvester thunar thunar-archive-plugin thunar-data tightvncserver tmux toilet-fonts tpm-udev
  traceroute tshark ttf-bitstream-vera tzdata udev udisks2 udptunnel unar unicorn-magic unzip upower upx-ucl usb.ids usbutils util-linux
  va-driver-all vboot-kernel-utils vboot-utils vdpau-driver-all vim vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny voiphopper vpnc vpnc-scripts wafw00f
  wapiti webshells wfuzz wget whiptail whois wifite winexe wireless-regdb wireshark wireshark-common wireshark-qt wordlists wpasupplicant
  wpscan x11-apps x11-common x11-session-utils x11-xkb-utils x11-xserver-utils xauth xdg-dbus-proxy xdg-utils xdotool xfce4-battery-plugin
  xfce4-clipman xfce4-clipman-plugin xfce4-cpufreq-plugin xfce4-cpugraph-plugin xfce4-diskperf-plugin xfce4-helpers xfce4-netload-plugin
  xfce4-notifyd xfce4-panel xfce4-places-plugin xfce4-screenshooter xfce4-sensors-plugin xfce4-session xfce4-settings xfce4-systemload-plugin
  xfce4-taskmanager xfce4-wavelan-plugin xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin xfce4-xkb-plugin xkb-data xl2tpd xorg xserver-common xserver-xorg
  xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-libinput xserver-xorg-legacy xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu
  xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-vesa
  xserver-xorg-video-vmware xsltproc xtightvncviewer xvfb xxd xz-utils zaproxy zenity zenity-common zlib1g zlib1g-dev zsh zsh-autosuggestions
  zsh-common
升级了 1686 个软件包，新安装了 516 个软件包，要卸载 20 个软件包，有 2 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 36.6 MB/3,004 MB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 4,994 MB 的额外空间。
您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n]                     //输入‘y’命令回车

然后等待5-10分钟等待完成

步骤四：将kali系统关机、制作快照

关闭kali虚拟机

为此虚拟机制作快照

 然后‘单击拍摄快照片’即可

备注：不好意思老铁们这几天比较忙，所以更新缓慢，为保证工作后续没一章更新时间更变为星期六，感谢大家支持我这个新人感谢~