linux驱动摸索 --驱动框架初始化(结合韦东山视频教程)
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一.驱动框架
初始化:insmod 加载
1.确定主设备号:
分为静态和动态分配,其中LED_GPIO_SIZE 表示支持的次设备号数目,一般默认为1. 相关实现代码如下:
- int result;
- dev_t dev;
- /*分配主设备号*/
- if (scull_major) /*静态分配一个主设备号*/
- {
- dev = MKDEV(scull_major,0);
- result = register_chrdev_region(dev,LED_GPIO_SIZE,DEVICE_NAME);
- }
- else /*动态分配一个主设备号*/
- {
- result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,0,LED_GPIO_SIZE,DEVICE_NAME);
- scull_major = MAJOR(dev);
- }
- if(result <0)
- {
- printk("LED:can not get major:%d\n",scull_major);
- return result;
- }
2.构造 file_operations 结构:结构成员对应相应的处理函数:
- static struct file_operations mini2440_leds_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
- .open = mini2440_leds_open,
- .write = mini2440_leds_write,
- };
3.将相关操作告诉内核:
内核用cdev结构来表示字符设备,cev_init()将文件操作和cdev关联。cdev_add()将之前生成的主次设备号和cdev连接在一起,
- led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,DEVICE_NAME);
- cdev_init(&led_gpio_cdev, &mini2440_leds_fops);
- result = cdev_add(&led_gpio_cdev, dev, 1);
- if(result <0)
- {
- printk("LED:cdev_add error\n");
- return result;
- }
- device_create(led_class, NULL, MKDEV(scull_major, 0), NULL, "led0");
卸载驱动 rmmod 卸载 代码实现如下:
- dev_t dev_id = MKDEV(scull_major, 0);
- /*卸载主设备号*/
- unregister_chrdev_region(dev_id, LED_GPIO_SIZE);
- device_destroy(led_class,MKDEV(scull_major, 0));
- cdev_del(&led_gpio_cdev);
- class_destroy(led_class);
最后附上一个较为完整的驱动框架,其中创建了主设备号和次设备号,驱动代码如下:
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/kernel.h>
- #include <linux/fs.h>
- #include <linux/init.h>
- #include <linux/delay.h>
- #include <asm/uaccess.h>
- #include <asm/irq.h>
- #include <mach/io.h>
- #include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
- #include <mach/hardware.h>
- #include <linux/device.h>
- #include <linux/cdev.h>
- #define DEVICE_NAME "led_1"
- #define LED_GPIO_SIZE 4
- static int scull_major = 0;
- static struct class *led_class;
- static struct cdev led_gpio_cdev[LED_GPIO_SIZE];
- static int mini2440_leds_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
- {
- int minor = MINOR(inode->i_rdev); //MINOR(inode->i_cdev);
- printk("/dev/led%d has opened\n",minor);
- return 0;
- }
- static ssize_t mini2440_leds_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
- {
- char val;
- int minor = MINOR(filp->f_dentry->d_inode->i_rdev);
- copy_from_user(&val, buf, 1);
- printk("/dev/led%d write the val = %d\n",minor,val);
- return 0;
- }
- static struct file_operations mini2440_leds_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
- .open = mini2440_leds_open,
- .write = mini2440_leds_write,
- };
- /*
- * 执行insmod命令时就会调用这个函数
- */
- static int mini2440_leds_init(void)
- {
- int result,i;
- dev_t dev;
- /*分配主设备号*/
- if (scull_major) /*静态分配一个主设备号*/
- {
- dev = MKDEV(scull_major,0);
- result = register_chrdev_region(dev,LED_GPIO_SIZE,DEVICE_NAME);
- }
- else /*动态分配一个主设备号*/
- {
- result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,0,LED_GPIO_SIZE,DEVICE_NAME);
- scull_major = MAJOR(dev);
- }
- if(result <0)
- {
- printk("LED:can not get major:%d\n",scull_major);
- return result;
- }
- led_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,DEVICE_NAME);
- if (IS_ERR(led_class)) {
- return PTR_ERR(led_class);
- }
- for (i=0; i<LED_GPIO_SIZE;i++)
- {
- cdev_init(&led_gpio_cdev[i], &mini2440_leds_fops);
- result = cdev_add(&led_gpio_cdev[i], (dev+i), 1);
- if(result <0)
- {
- printk("LED:cdev_add error\n");
- return result;
- }
- device_create(led_class, NULL, MKDEV(scull_major, i), NULL, "led%d",i);
- }
- return 0;
- }
- /*
- * 执行rmmod命令时就会调用这个函数
- */
- static void mini2440_leds_exit(void)
- {
- int i;
- dev_t dev_id = MKDEV(scull_major, 0);
- /*卸载主设备号*/
- unregister_chrdev_region(dev_id, LED_GPIO_SIZE);
- for(i=0;i<LED_GPIO_SIZE;i++)
- {
- device_destroy(led_class,MKDEV(scull_major, i));
- cdev_del(&led_gpio_cdev[i]);
- }
- class_destroy(led_class);
- }
- /* 这两行指定驱动程序的初始化函数和卸载函数 */
- module_init(mini2440_leds_init);
- module_exit(mini2440_leds_exit);
- /* 描述驱动程序的一些信息,不是必须的 */
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
linux 测试代码:
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- /*
- * ledtest <dev> <on|off>
- */
- void print_usage(char *file)
- {
- printf("Usage:\n");
- printf("%s <dev> <on|off>\n",file);
- printf("eg. \n");
- printf("%s /dev/led0 a\n", file);
- printf("%s /dev/led1 b\n", file);
- printf("%s /dev/led2 c\n", file);
- printf("%s /dev/led3 d\n", file);
- }
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int fd;
- char* filename;
- char val;
- if (argc != 3)
- {
- print_usage(argv[0]);
- return 0;
- }
- filename = argv[1];
- fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
- if (fd < 0)
- {
- printf("error, can‘t open %s\n", filename);
- return 0;
- }
- if (!strcmp("a", argv[2]))
- {
- val = 10;
- write(fd, &val, 1);
- }
- else if (!strcmp("b", argv[2]))
- {
- val = 11;
- write(fd, &val, 1);
- }
- else if (!strcmp("c", argv[2]))
- {
- val = 12;
- write(fd, &val, 1);
- }
- else if (!strcmp("d", argv[2]))
- {
- val = 13;
- write(fd, &val, 1);
- }
- return 0;
- }
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