7.创建负载均衡服务器lb01:

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创建负载均衡服务器lb01: 

# optimization by onekey

sed -i ‘s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#‘ /etc/selinux/config

grep SELINUX=disabled /etc/selinux/config

setenforce 0

getenforce

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off

chkconfig|egrep -v "crond|sshd|network|rsyslog|sysstat"|awk ‘{print "chkconfig",$1,"off"}‘|bash

useradd oldboy

\cp /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.bak

echo "oldboy ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

tail -l /etc/sudoers

visudo -c

echo ‘export TMOUT=1800‘ >> /etc/profile

echo ‘export HISTSIZE=5‘  >> /etc/profile

echo ‘export HISTFILESIZE=5‘ >> /etc/profile

. /etc/profile

echo ‘*                -       nofile          65535‘ >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo ">/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules" >>/etc/rc.local

#about selinux

cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000   65000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000

net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1

net.core.somaxconn = 16384

net.core.netdv_max_backlog = 16384

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384

net.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 25000000

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 180

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120

EOF


#set ip and hosts for lb01

cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0<<EOF

DEVICE=eth0

TYPE=Ethernet

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=10.0.0.5

NETSK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=10.0.0.2

nameserver=202.96.128.86

EOF

cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 <<EOF

DEVICE=eth1

TYPE=Ethernet

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

IPADDR=172.16.1.5

NETSK=255.255.255.0

EOF

cat >/etc/sysconfig/network<<EOF

NETWORKING=yes

HOSTNAME=lb01

EOF

hostname lb01

cat >/etc/hosts <<EOF

127.0.0.1    localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1          localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

172.16.1.5   lb01

172.16.1.6   lb02

172.16.1.7   web02

172.16.1.8   web01

172.16.1.31  nfs01

172.16.1.41  backup

172.16.1.51  db01

172.16.1.61  m01

EOF

#/etc/init.d/network reload


#make some dir

mkdir -p /server/scripts /server/tools /application


reboot


====================================================================================================


#yum repo and epel

yum -y install  wget

\cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo{,.backup}

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

yum clean all

yum makecache

#setup some tools and develpment

yum -y install lrzsz nmap tree dos2unix nc wget

yum groupinstall -y "Base" "Compatibility libraries" "Debugging Tools" "Development tools"


#set ntp cron

echo ‘#time sync by NTP Server at 20170608‘ >>/var/spool/cron/root

echo ‘*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.1.61 >/dev/null 2>&1‘ >>/var/spool/cron/root

crontab -l


#tar configs for every server rsync to backup

#install rsync

yum -y install rsync

#create passwordfile

echo "oldboy" >/etc/rsync.password

chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password

cat >/server/scripts/bak.sh <<EOF

#!/bin/sh

##create by 20has at 2017-5-18

IP=\$(ifconfig eth1|awk -F "[ :]+" ‘NR==2{print \$4}‘)

TIME=\$(date +%F)

mkdir -p /backup/\$IP

cd / && \

tar -zcf /backup/\$IP/\$TIME.tar.gz var/spool/cron/root etc/rc.local server/scripts etc/sysconfig/iptables

md5sum /backup/\$IP/\$TIME.tar.gz >/backup/\$IP/flag.log

rsync -az /backup/ [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password

#del

find /backup -type f -name "*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 |xargs rm -f

EOF

#add cron to rsync backup

echo ‘#add cron to rsync backup at 20170608‘ >>/var/spool/cron/root

echo ‘00 00 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/bak.sh &>/dev/null‘ >>/var/spool/cron/root

crontab -l


#setup nginx

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl  openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel                                 


cd /server/tools

tar -zxf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.6.3

useradd www -u888 -s /sbin/nologin -M

./configure --user=www --group=www  --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/

make

make install

ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx


#config nginx

cd /application/nginx/conf

#egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf

cat  >nginx.conf <<EOF

worker_processes  1;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

upstream www_server_pools {

    ip_hash;  

    server 10.0.0.7       weight=1;

    server 10.0.0.8       weight=1;

}

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name   www.etiantian.org etiantian.org;

        proxy_set_header Host \$host;

        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP \$remote_addr;

        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For \$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

        location / {

            root   html;

            index  index.html index.htm;

            proxy_pass http://www_server_pools;

        }

        }

    }

EOF

../sbin/nginx -t

../sbin/nginx

#../sbin/nginx -s reload

lsof -i :80

#test lb01

#for n in `seq 10`;do curl 172.16.1.5;sleep 1;done



#setup keepalive

yum -y install keepalived

cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

   notification_email {

     [email protected]

   }

   notification_email_from [email protected]

   smtp_server 192.168.200.1

   smtp_connect_timeout 30

   router_id LVS_DEVEL

}


vrrp_instance VI_1 {

    state MASTER

    interface eth0

    virtual_router_id 51

    priority 100

    advert_int 1

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 1111

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1

    }

}

EOF

/etc/init.d/keepalived start

/etc/init.d/keepalived restart

echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >>/etc/rc.local

sleep 2

ip addr |grep 10.0.0.3




1.1 负载均衡产品介绍

  开源集群软件:Nginx(七层负载均衡),LVS(纯四层负载均衡),Haproxy(七层和四层负载均衡),Keepalived(轻量),Heartbeat(控制VIP和资源)
  商业集群硬件:F5,Netscaler。Radware,A10等,工作模式相当于haproxy的工作模式

  当企业业务重要,技术力量薄弱,并且希望出钱购买产品及获取更好的服务时,可以选择硬件负载均衡产品,如F5,Netscaler,Radware等;
  对于门户网站来说,大多会并用软件及硬件产品来分担单一产品的风险;
  中小型互联网企业,由于起步阶段无利润可赚或者利润很低,会希望通过使用开源免费的方案来解决问题;
  商业的负载均衡产品成本高,性能高,更稳定,缺点是不能是二次开发,开源的负载均衡软件对运维人员的能力要求较高,如果运维及开发能力强,那么开源软件的负载均衡是不错的选择,目前的互联网行业更偏向使用开源的负载均衡软件。

1.2 如何选择开源集群软件产品

  中小企业互联网公司网站并发访问和总访问量不是很大的情况下,建议首选Nginx负载均衡,理由是Nginx负载均衡配置简单,使用方便,安全稳定,社区活跃,使用的人逐渐增多,曾流行趋势,另外一个实现负载均衡的类似产品为haproxy。
  如果要考虑Nginx负载均衡的高可用功能,建议首选keepalived软件,理由是安装、配置简单、使用方便、安全稳定,和keepalived服务类似的高可用软件还有heartbeat

  如果是大型企业互联网公司,负载均衡产品可以使用LVS+keepalived在前端做四层转发(一般是主备或主主,如果需要扩展可以使用DNS或前端使用OSPF),后端使用Nginx或Haproxy做7层转发(可以扩展到百台),再后面是应用服务器
  如果是数据库和存储服务的复杂均和高可用,建议选择LVS+heartbeat,LVS支持tcp转发且dr模式效率很高,heartbeat可以配合drbd,不但可以进行VIP的切换,还可以支持块设备级别的数据同步(drbd),以及资源服务的管理。


1.4 反向代理与负载均衡

  Nginx仅仅是作为Nginx Proxy反向代理使用的,因为这个反向代理功能表现的效果是负载均衡集群的效果
  负载均衡是对请求数据包的转发(也可能会改写)、传递,其中LVS的DR模式明显特征是从负载均衡下面的节点服务器来看,接收到的请求还是来自访问负载均衡器的客户端的真实用户
  反向代理接收访问用户的请求后,会代理用户重新发起请求代理下的节点服务器,最后把数据返回给客户端用户,在节点服务器看来,访问的节点服务器的客户端用户就是反向代理服务器了,而非真实的网站访问用户


摘取自:https://www.liuliya.com/archive/694.html

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