最快的方式建立自己的linux环境- buildroot-qemu

Posted 2022-12-14 hello-Will

我找到一个基于qemu快速建立Linux开发环境的方法，下面步骤亲测有效。

我将展示在QEMU仿真器中运行自己构建的Linux系统的最快方法。我说最快吗？然后开始：

$ git clone git://git.buildroot.net/buildroot
$ cd buildroot/
$ make qemu_arm_versatile_defconfig

其中qemu_arm_versatile_defconfig是buildroot / configs目录中的文件和defconfig名称。下一个：

$ make menuconfig

出现类似于Linux内核menuconfig的菜单。由于我们已使用defconfig文件对其进行了预配置，因此此处几乎没有任何更改。确保已在主机系统中安装了Build options —> Commands menu中的所有工具。

在“生成选项”中，选中“启用编译器缓存”，这将保存编译器输出文件并加快后续编译的速度。虽然没有必要。

现在输入以下内容并喝点咖啡：
$ make
现在我们有时间聊天。因此，我们要做的是运行一个庞大的过程，下载核心软件包并将其编译为工具链，内核和根文件系统，这些将成为我们自己的小型Linux操作系统。听说过为嵌入式设备制作Linux很难吗？好吧，是的。但是我们采取了三个巨大的捷径。

首先，使用Buildroot，它是大量Makefile的集合，用于配置和编译GCC，C库和整个OS生态系统（BusyBox）。最后产生的是Linux内核和根文件系统的映像。

第二个快捷方式是使用qemu_arm_versatile_defconfig配置Buildroot。因此，内核中没有任何更改。该配置文件以及buildroot / board / qemu / arm-versatile / linux-4.9.config告诉Buildroot设置内核配置以适合ARM Versatile模板。这是现成的Linux和QEMU支持的开发平台之一。

最后一个是QEMU的使用。因此，我们不必配置任何引导程序（例如U-Boot）。我们需要做的就是在编译结束后立即运行一个命令：

$ qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -kernel output/images/zImage -dtb output/images/versatile-pb.dtb -drive file=output/images/rootfs.ext2,if=scsi -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyAMA0,115200" -nographic

这是受buildroot / board / qemu / arm-versatile / readme.txt的启发。

在那里！

pulseaudio: set_sink_input_volume() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
pulseaudio: set_sink_input_mute() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
vpb_sic_write: Bad register offset 0x2c
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 4.9.6 (pillot@pillot) (gcc version 5.4.0 (Buildroot 2017.05-rc2-00013-g4d1c2c82e) ) #1 Sat May 20 00:42:18 CEST 2017
CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00093177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
OF: fdt:Machine model: ARM Versatile PB
Memory policy: Data cache writeback
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 32512
Kernel command line: root=/dev/sda console=ttyAMA0,115200
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 125088K/131072K available (3390K kernel code, 131K rwdata, 756K rodata, 132K init, 207K bss, 5984K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)
    vmalloc : 0xc8800000 - 0xff800000   ( 880 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xc8000000   ( 128 MB)
    modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
      .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0357e80   (3392 kB)
      .init : 0xc042f000 - 0xc0450000   ( 132 kB)
      .data : 0xc0450000 - 0xc0470de0   ( 132 kB)
       .bss : 0xc0470de0 - 0xc04a49f8   ( 208 kB)
SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16
VIC @c8800000: id 0x00041190, vendor 0x41
FPGA IRQ chip 0 "intc" @ c8802000, 20 irqs, parent IRQ: 47
clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
sched_clock: 32 bits at 1000kHz, resolution 1000ns, wraps every 2147483647500ns
Failed to initialize '/amba/timer@101e3000': -22
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 464.48 BogoMIPS (lpj=2322432)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
Setting up static identity map for 0x8400 - 0x8458
devtmpfs: initialized
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
NET: Registered protocol family 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /amba/smc@10100000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /amba/mpmc@10110000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /amba/sctl@101e0000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /amba/watchdog@101e1000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /amba/sci@101f0000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /amba/ssp@101f4000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /amba/fpga/sci@a000
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
101f1000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x101f1000 (irq = 28, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
console [ttyAMA0] enabled
101f2000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x101f2000 (irq = 29, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
101f3000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x101f3000 (irq = 30, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
uart-pl011 10009000.uart: aliased and non-aliased serial devices found in device tree. Serial port enumeration may be unpredictable.
10009000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 54, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
vgaarb: loaded
SCSI subsystem initialized
clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm,sp804
NET: Registered protocol family 2
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes)
workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=15 bucket_order=0
Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 254)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
OF: PCI: host bridge /amba/pci-controller@10001000 ranges:
OF: PCI:    IO 0x43000000..0x4300ffff -> 0x00000000
OF: PCI:   MEM 0x50000000..0x5fffffff -> 0x50000000
OF: PCI:   MEM 0x60000000..0x6fffffff -> 0x60000000
versatile-pci 10001000.pci-controller: PCI core found (slot 11)
versatile-pci 10001000.pci-controller: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x0000-0xffff]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x50000000-0x5fffffff]
pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x60000000-0x6fffffff pref]
PCI: bus0: Fast back to back transfers disabled
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 2: assigned [mem 0x50000000-0x50001fff]
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 1: assigned [mem 0x50002000-0x500023ff]
pci 0000:00:0c.0: BAR 0: assigned [io  0x1000-0x10ff]
clcd-pl11x dev:20: PL110 designer 41 rev0 at 0x10120000
clcd-pl11x dev:20: Versatile hardware, VGA display
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x30
sym53c8xx 0000:00:0c.0: enabling device (0100 -> 0103)
sym0: <895a> rev 0x0 at pci 0000:00:0c.0 irq 66
sym0: No NVRAM, ID 7, Fast-40, LVD, parity checking
sym0: SCSI BUS has been reset.
scsi host0: sym-2.2.3
random: fast init done
scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access     QEMU     QEMU HARDDISK    2.5+ PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
scsi target0:0:0: tagged command queuing enabled, command queue depth 16.
scsi target0:0:0: Beginning Domain Validation
scsi target0:0:0: Domain Validation skipping write tests
scsi target0:0:0: Ending Domain Validation
scsi 0:0:2:0: CD-ROM            QEMU     QEMU CD-ROM      2.5+ PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
scsi target0:0:2: tagged command queuing enabled, command queue depth 16.
scsi target0:0:2: Beginning Domain Validation
scsi target0:0:2: Domain Validation skipping write tests
scsi target0:0:2: Ending Domain Validation
libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 122880 512-byte logical blocks: (62.9 MB/60.0 MiB)
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
versatile reboot driver registered
NET: Registered protocol family 10
sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
NET: Registered protocol family 17
sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/amba/amba:fpga/10006000.kmi/serio0/input/input0
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/amba/amba:fpga/10007000.kmi/serio1/input/input2
EXT4-fs (sda): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities
EXT4-fs (sda): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
EXT4-fs (sda): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly on device 8:0.
devtmpfs: mounted
Freeing unused kernel memory: 132K (c042f000 - c0450000)
This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
EXT4-fs (sda): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
EXT4-fs (sda): re-mounted. Opts: block_validity,barrier,user_xattr,errors=remount-ro
Starting logging: OK
Initializing random number generator... done.
Starting network: Waiting for interface eth0 to appear............... timeout!
run-parts: /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/wait_iface: exit status 1
FAIL

Welcome to Buildroot
buildroot login: root
# cat /proc/cpuinfo 
processor       : 0
model name      : ARM926EJ-S rev 5 (v5l)
BogoMIPS        : 464.48
Features        : swp half thumb fastmult edsp java 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 5TEJ
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0x926
CPU revision    : 5

Hardware        : ARM-Versatile (Device Tree Support)
Revision        : 0000
Serial          : 0000000000000000
#

就像每个快捷方式一样，这里没有太多要了解的内容。请进一步：相关内容