ios 学习之 NSPredicate 模糊精确查询
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简述:Cocoa框架中的NSPredicate用于查询,原理和用法都类似于SQL中的where,作用相当于数据库的过滤取。定义(最常用到的方法):
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- NSPredicate *ca = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:(NSString *), ...];
(1)比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!=
可用于数值及字符串
例:@"number > 100"
(2)范围运算符:IN、BETWEEN
例:@"number BETWEEN 1,5"
@"address IN 'shanghai','beijing'"
(3)字符串本身:SELF
例:@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"
(4)字符串相关:BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
例:@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'" //包含某个字符串
@"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'" //以某个字符串开头
@"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'" //以某个字符串结束
注:[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写,也不区分发音符号。
(5)通配符:LIKE
例:@"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'" //*代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
@"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"
(6)正则表达式:MATCHES
例:NSString *regex = @"^A.+e$"; //以A开头,e结尾
@"name MATCHES %@",regex
实际应用:
(1)对NSArray进行过滤
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- NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:@"beijing",@"shanghai",@"guangzou",@"wuhan", nil];
- NSString *string = @"ang";
- NSPredicate *pred = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF CONTAINS %@",string];
- NSLog(@"%@",[array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:pred]);
[cpp] view plain copy
- NSString *regex = @"[A-Za-z]+";
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", regex];
- if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:aString])
(3)字符串替换:
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- NSError* error = NULL;
- NSRegularExpression* regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"(encoding=\\")[^\\"]+(\\")"
- options:0
- error:&error];
- NSString* sample = @"<xml encoding=\\"abc\\"></xml><xml encoding=\\"def\\"></xml><xml encoding=\\"ttt\\"></xml>";
- NSLog(@"Start:%@",sample);
- NSString* result = [regex stringByReplacingMatchesInString:sample
- options:0
- range:NSMakeRange(0, sample.length)
- withTemplate:@"$1utf-8$2"];
- NSLog(@"Result:%@", result);
(4)截取字符串如下:
[cpp] view plain copy
- //组装一个字符串,需要把里面的网址解析出来
- NSString *urlString=@"<meta/><link/><title>1Q84 BOOK1</title></head><body>";
- //NSRegularExpression类里面调用表达的方法需要传递一个NSError的参数。下面定义一个
- NSError *error;
- //http+:[^\\\\s]* 这个表达式是检测一个网址的。(?<=title\\>).*(?=</title)截取html文章中的<title></title>中内文字的正则表达式
- NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"(?<=title\\\\>).*(?=</title)" options:0 error:&error];
- if (regex != nil)
- NSTextCheckingResult *firstMatch=[regex firstMatchInString:urlString options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [urlString length])];
- if (firstMatch)
- NSRange resultRange = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];
- //从urlString当中截取数据
- NSString *result=[urlString substringWithRange:resultRange];
- //输出结果
- NSLog(@"->%@<-",result);
(5)判断手机号码,电话号码函数
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- // 正则判断手机号码地址格式
- - (BOOL)isMobileNumber:(NSString *)mobileNum
- /**
- * 手机号码
- * 移动:134[0-8],135,136,137,138,139,150,151,157,158,159,182,187,188
- * 联通:130,131,132,152,155,156,185,186
- * 电信:133,1349,153,180,189
- */
- NSString * MOBILE = @"^1(3[0-9]|5[0-35-9]|8[025-9])\\\\d8$";
- /**
- 10 * 中国移动:China Mobile
- 11 * 134[0-8],135,136,137,138,139,150,151,157,158,159,182,187,188
- 12 */
- NSString * CM = @"^1(34[0-8]|(3[5-9]|5[017-9]|8[278])\\\\d)\\\\d7$";
- /**
- 15 * 中国联通:China Unicom
- 16 * 130,131,132,152,155,156,185,186
- 17 */
- NSString * CU = @"^1(3[0-2]|5[256]|8[56])\\\\d8$";
- /**
- 20 * 中国电信:China Telecom
- 21 * 133,1349,153,180,189
- 22 */
- NSString * CT = @"^1((33|53|8[09])[0-9]|349)\\\\d7$";
- /**
- 25 * 大陆地区固话及小灵通
- 26 * 区号:010,020,021,022,023,024,025,027,028,029
- 27 * 号码:七位或八位
- 28 */
- // NSString * PHS = @"^0(10|2[0-5789]|\\\\d3)\\\\d7,8$";
- NSPredicate *regextestmobile = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", MOBILE];
- NSPredicate *regextestcm = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CM];
- NSPredicate *regextestcu = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CU];
- NSPredicate *regextestct = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CT];
- if (([regextestmobile evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- || ([regextestcm evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- || ([regextestct evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- || ([regextestcu evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES))
- if([regextestcm evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- NSLog(@"China Mobile");
- else if([regextestct evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- NSLog(@"China Telecom");
- else if ([regextestcu evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- NSLog(@"China Unicom");
- else
- NSLog(@"Unknow");
- return YES;
- else
- return NO;
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