Verilog学习笔记(06)
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文章目录
参考:Verilog数字VLSI设计教程
硬件描述语言Verilog
Verilog HDL数字设计与综合
Verilog HDL 数字集成电路高级程序设计
7. 时序逻辑电路
对于一个时序电路,可以把它分为一部分组合逻辑和一部分存储逻辑
时序电路的三大方程
典型的时序电路设计流程
1.触发器
(1)D触发器
module dff(clk,clr,rst,d,q);
input clk,clr,rst,d;
output q;
reg q;
always @(posedge clk or posedge clr)
if(clr==1'b1) q<=1'b0;
else if(rst==1'b1) q<=1'b1;
else q<=d;
endmodule
module dff_tb;
reg clk,clr,rst,d;
wire q;
always begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;
clr=1'b0;
rst=1'b0;clr=1'b0;d=1'b0;
#10 rst=1'b1;clr=1'b0;d=1'b0;
#10 clr=1'b1;rst=1'b1;d=1'b1;
#10 clr=1'b0;rst=1'b0;d=1'b1;
#20 d=1'b0;
#20 d=1'b1;
end
dff u1(clk,clr,rst,d,q);
endmodule
8位D触发器
module eight_register(d,clk,q);
input [7:0] d;
input clk;
output [7:0] q;
reg [7:0] q;
always @(posedge clk)
q<=d;
endmodule
module dff8_tb;
reg [7:0] d;
reg clk;
wire [7:0] q;
always begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;
d=8'b00000000;
#10 d=8'b00000011;
#10 d=8'b00000000;
#10 d=8'b00000111;
#20 d=8'b00001111;
#20 d=8'b00011111;
#20 d=8'b00111111;
end
dff8 u1(.d(d),.clk(clk),.q(q));
endmodule
(2)JK触发器
module jk_trigger(clk,j,k,q,qb);
input clk,j,k;
output q,qb;
reg q;
always@(posedge clk)
begin
case(j,k)
2'b00:q<=q;
2'b01:q<=1'b0;
2'b10:q<=1'b1;
2'b11:q<=~q;
default: q<=q;
endcase
end
assign qb=~q;
endmodule
module jk_trigger_tb;
reg clk,j,k;
wire q,qb;
always begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;j=1'b0;k=1'b0;
#10 j=1'b0;k=1'b0;
#20 j=1'b0;k=1'b1;
#20 j=1'b1;k=1'b0;
#20 j=1'b1;k=1'b1;
#20 j=1'b1;k=1'b0;
end
jk_trigger u1(clk,j,k,q,qb);
endmodule
(3)T触发器
module t_trigger(clk,rst,T,dout);
input clk,rst,T;
output dout;
reg dout;
always @(posedge clk or posedgerst)
if(rst==1) dout<=1'b0;
else if(T==1) dout<=~dout;
endmodule
module t_trigger_tb;
reg clk,rst,T;
wire dout;
always begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;
rst=1'b0;T=1'b0;
#10 rst=1'b1;T=1'b1;
#10 rst=1'b0;T=1'b0;
#20 T=1'b1;
#20 T=1'b0;
#20 T=1'b1;
end
t_trigger u1(clk,rst,T,dout);
endmodule
2. 移位寄存器
(1)右移寄存器
module register_right(clk,din,dout);
input clk;
input din;
output [15:0] dout;
reg [15:0] dout;
always @(posedge clk)
dout<=din,dinout[15:1];
endmodule
module register_right_tb;
reg clk;
reg din;
wire [15:0] dout;
always
begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;
din=1'b0;
#10 din=1'b1;
#20 din=1'b0;
#20 din=1'b1;
#100;
end
register_right u1(clk,din,dout);
endmodule
(2)左移寄存器
module register_left(clk,din,dout);
input clk;
input [15:0] din;
output [15:0] dout;
reg [15:0] dout;
always @(posedge clk)
dout<=din[14:0],din[15];
endmodule
module register_left_tb;
reg clk;
reg [15:0] din;
wire [15:0] dout;
always
begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;
din=16'b0000000000000000;
#10 din=16'b0000000000000001;
#20 din=16'b0000000000000011;
#20 din=16'b0000000000000101;
end
register_left u1(clk,din,dout);
endmodule
3. 计数器
(1)反馈清零计数器
module count12(clk,rst_n,co,dout);
input clk,rst;
output co;
output [3:0] dout;
reg [3:0] dout;
always @ (posedge clk)
begin
if(rst_n==1'b0) dout=4'b0000;
else if(dout==4'b1011) dout<=4'b0000;
else dout<=dout+1'b1;
end
assign co=dout[3]&&dout[1]&&dout[0];
endmodule
module count12_tb;
reg clk,rst_n;
wire oc;
wire [3:0] dout;
always begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;
rst_n=1'b0;
#20 rst_n=1'b1;
#100;
end
count12 u1(clk,rst_n,oc,dout);
endmodule
(2)反馈置数计数器
module count10(clk,rst,load,din,dout);
input clk,rst,load;
input [3:0] din;
output [3:0] dout;
reg [3:0] dout;
always @ (posedge clk or posedge rst)
begin
if(rst==1'b1) dout=4'b0000;
else if(load==1'b 1) dout=4'b1001;
else if(dout==4'b0000) dout<=4'b1001;
else dout<=dout-1'b1;
end
endmodule
module count10_tb;
reg clk,rst,load;
reg [3:0] din;
wire [3:0] dout;
always begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;
rst=1'b0;load=1'b0;
#10 rst=1'b1;
#10 rst=1'b0;
#50 load=1'b1;
#10 load=1'b0;
#100;
end
count10 u1(clk,rst,load,din,dout);
endmodule
(3)计数器级联
module count10(clk,rst_n,en,dout,co);
input clk,rst_n,en;
output[3:0] dout;
output co;
reg [3:0] dout;
always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(rst_n ==1'b 0) dout<=4'b0000;
else if(en==1'b1)
if(dout==4'b1001) dout<=4'b0000;
else dout<=dout+1'b1;
else dout<=dout;
end
assign co=dout[0]&dout[3];
endmodule
module count6(clk,rst_n,en,dout,co);
input clk,rst_n,en;
output[3:0] dout;
output co;
reg [3:0] dout;
always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(rst_n ==1'b 0) dout<=4'b0000;
else if(en==1'b1)
if(dout==4'b0101) dout<=4'b0000;
else dout<=dout+1'b1;
else dout<=dout;
end
assign co=dout[0]&dout[2];
endmodule
module count60(clk,rst_n,en,dout,co);
input clk,rst,en;
output[7:0] dout;
output co;
wire c010,co6;
wire[3:0] dout10,dout6;
counter_10 u1(.clk(clk),.rst_n(rst_n),.en(en),.dout(dout10),.co(co10));
counter_6 u2(.clk(clk),.rst_n(rst_n),.en(co10),.dout(dout6),.co(co6));
and u3(co,co10,co6);
assign dout=dout6,dout10;
endmodule
module count60_tb ;
reg clk,rst_n,en ;
wire [7:0] dout ;
wire co ;
always
begin
#1 clk=1'b1 ;
#1 clk=1'b0 ;
end
initial
begin
clk=1'b0 ;
rst_n=1'b1 ;
en=1'b1;
#1 rst_n=1'b0 ;
#1 rst_n=1'b1 ;
end
count60 U1(.clk(clk),.rst_n(rst_n),.en(en),.dout(dout),.co(co));
endmodule
(3)移位计数器
扭环计数器
module twisted_counter(clk,rst_n,dout);
input clk,rst_n;
output[3:0] dout;
reg [3:0] dout;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
if(!rst_n) dout<=4'b0000;
else begin
dout<=dout[2:0],~dout[3] ;
endmodule
module twisted_counter_tb;
reg clk,rst_n;
wire [3:0] dout;
always begin
#10 clk=1'b1;
#10 clk=1'b0;
end
initial begin
clk=1'b0;
rst_n=1'b1;
#10 rst_n=1'b0;
#10 rst_n=1'b1;
#100;
end
twisted_counter u1(clk,rst_n,dout);
endmodule
4. 信号产生器
(1)最大循环长度序列码,M=2n。
(2)最长线形序列码(m序列码),M=2n-1。
(3)任意循环长度序列码,M<2n。
(1)状态图类型
有限状态机方式实现001011序列信号产生器
module sequence_signal_fsm(clk,rst_n,dout);
input clk,rst_n;
output dout;
reg dout;
reg [2:0] pre_state,next_state;
parameter s0=3'b000,s1=3'b001,s2=3'b010,s3=3'b011,s4=3'b100,s5=3'b101;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
if(rst_n ==1'b0)
pre_state<=s0;
else
pre_state<=next_state;
always @(pre_state)
case(pre_state)
s0:
begin
dout<=1'b0;
next_state<=s1;
end
s1:
begin
dout<=1'b0;
next_state<=s2;
end
s2:
begin
dout<=1'b1;
next_state<=s3;
end
s3:
begin
dout<=1'b0;
next_state<=s4;
end
s4:
begin
dout<=1'b1;
next_state<=s5;
end
s5:
begin
dout<=1'b1;
next_state<=s0;
end
default next_state<=s0;
endcase
endmodule
module sequence_signal_fsm_tb;
reg clk,rst_n;
wire dout;
sequence_signal_fsm u1(clk,rst_n,dout);
always #10 clk=~clk;
initial
begin
clk=1'b0;
rst_n=1'b1;
#5 rst_n=1'b0;
#5 rst_n=1'b1;
end
endmodule
(2)移位寄存器类型
移位寄存器型序列信号产生器
module signal_generator_shifter_reg(clk,rst,din,dout);
input clk,rst;
input [5:0] din;
output dout;
reg dout;
reg [5:0] temp;
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if(rst==1'b1) temp<=din;
else begin
dout<=temp[5];
temp<=temp[4:0],temp[5];
end
end
endmodule
module signal_generator_shifter_reg_tb;
reg clk,rst;
reg [5:0] din;
wire dout;
signal_generator_shifter_reg u1(.clk(clk),.rst(rst),.din(din),.dout(dout));
always #10 clk=~clk以上是关于Verilog学习笔记(06)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
在用verilog编写三段式状态机的时候,我看网上很多地方都是提到格式如下:always @ (posedge clk or negedg