linux date -d参数用法

Posted 2020-09-30 东大网管

最近偶为了写一个调整时间的shell而绞尽脑汁,结果在某一天
#info data
这里面看到了data -d参数的灵活用法,真是欣喜若狂。好东西要保存,整理整理: 

   * To print the date of the day before yesterday:

          date --date=‘2 days ago‘ 

   * To print the date of the day three months and one day hence:

          date --date=‘3 months 1 day‘

   * To print the day of year of Christmas in the current year:

          date --date=‘25 Dec‘ +%j

   * To print the current full month name and the day of the month:

          date ‘+%B %d‘

     But this may not be what you want because for the first nine days
     of the month, the `%d‘ expands to a zero-padded two-digit field,
     for example `date -d 1may ‘+%B %d‘‘ will print `May 01‘.

   * To print a date without the leading zero for one-digit days of the
     month, you can use the (GNU extension) `-‘ flag to suppress the
     padding altogether:

          date -d 1may ‘+%B %-d

   * To print the current date and time in the format required by many
     non-GNU versions of `date‘ when setting the system clock:

          date +%m%d%H%M%Y.%S

   * To set the system clock forward by two minutes:

          date --set=‘+2 minutes‘

   * To print the date in RFC 2822 format, use `date --rfc-2822‘.  Here
     is some example output:

          Fri, 09 Sep 2005 13:51:39 -0700

   * To convert a date string to the number of seconds since the epoch
     (which is 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC), use the `--date‘ option with
     the `%s‘ format.  That can be useful in sorting and/or graphing
     and/or comparing data by date.  The following command outputs the
     number of the seconds since the epoch for the time two minutes
     after the epoch:

          date --date=‘1970-01-01 00:02:00 +0000‘ +%s
          
          date --date=‘1970-01-01 00:02:00 +0000‘ +%s
          120

     If you do not specify time zone information in the date string,
     `date‘ uses your computer‘s idea of the time zone when
     interpreting the string.  For example, if your computer‘s time
     zone is that of Cambridge, Massachusetts, which was then 5 hours
     (i.e., 18,000 seconds) behind UTC:

          # local time zone used
          date --date=‘1970-01-01 00:02:00‘ +%s
          18120

   * If you‘re sorting or graphing dated data, your raw date values may
     be represented as seconds since the epoch.  But few people can
     look at the date `946684800‘ and casually note "Oh, that‘s the
     first second of the year 2000 in Greenwich, England."

          date --date=‘2000-01-01 UTC‘ +%s
          946684800

     An alternative is to use the `--utc‘ (`-u‘) option.  Then you may
     omit `UTC‘ from the date string.  Although this produces the same
     result for `%s‘ and many other format sequences, with a time zone
     offset different from zero, it would give a different result for
     zone-dependent formats like `%z‘.

          date -u --date=2000-01-01 +%s
          946684800

     To convert such an unwieldy number of seconds back to a more
     readable form, use a command like this:

          # local time zone used
          date -d ‘1970-01-01 UTC 946684800 seconds‘ +"%Y-%m-%d %T %z"
          1999-12-31 19:00:00 -0500

     Often it is better to output UTC-relative date and time:

          date -u -d ‘1970-01-01 946684800 seconds‘ +"%Y-%m-%d %T %z"
          2000-01-01 00:00:00 +0000