nginx 初尝试

Posted 2022-11-30 海上小波

nginx功能

nginx至少具有一个部署静态资源的功能，默认部署端口为80, 通过配置nginx还可同时监听其他端口。

• nginx可以用来做静态资源服务器，部署html、图片等静态资源。（通过一个php库还可以部署php,具体怎么搞还没有弄，java web项目是部署不了了，只能在nginx转发请求到java web服务器）;
• 用来做请求转发（反向代理），如果转发给内网服务器就叫内网映射，如果一个端口配置可转发到多个域就是负载均衡。

Nginx配置

      nginx的配置文件是nginx.conf, 我的nginx是用arch的yaourt命令安装的，配置文件被安装到了/etc/nginx/nginx.conf， nginx具有一个默认监听服务（80端口），配置文件在http节点下面。如果还想配置其他端口的监听可以平行http端口再设置Server节点，如下是我的一个nginx.conf配置文件：              注意server_name只是一个名称而已，不具有其他意义，刚开始我还以为nginx反向代理会涉及三个服务器一个是无法访问内网的公网ip服务器（如阿里云），第二个是内网nginx服务器，第三个是内网其他服务器 （内网服务器都没有公网ip）, server_name就是用来设置公网ip服务器的， 显然这种认为是错的， nginx反向代理只涉及两个服务器，第一个是具备公网ip的内网服务器上面跑nginx服务，另一个就是内网其他服务器（不具备公网ip）。

#user html;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events 
    worker_connections  1024;



http 
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;



    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server 
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        location / 
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html 
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \\.php$ 
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \\.php$ 
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\\.ht 
        #    deny  all;
        #




    


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server 
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / 
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    
    #


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server 
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    #    location / 
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    
    #
   server 
        listen       81;

        server_name  localhost;



        location / 

            #设置主机头和客户端真实地址，以便服务器获取客户端真实IP

            proxy_set_header Host $host;

            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



            #禁用缓存

            proxy_buffering off;



            #反向代理的地址

            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;