postman模拟post请求的几种请求体

Posted 2022-11-30 Red风信子

postman的几种参数格式
post类型的body中可以存放任意的内容格式，浏览器可以根据请求头中指定的content-type类型对请求体进行解析。下面介绍postman如何对四种典型的请求体进行模拟。

1. form-data
   即multipart/form-data，它将表单的数据组织成Key-Value形式，用分隔符boundary（boundary可任意设置）处理成一条消息。
   由于有boundary隔离，所以既可以上传文件，也可以上传参数。

POST  HTTP/1.1
Host: test.app.com
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 59227787-c438-361d-fbe1-75feeb78047e
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW

------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filekey"; filename=""
Content-Type: 


------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="textkey"

tttttt
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

请求体中的boundary参数指定的就是分隔体，可以看到请求内容被分为了两段，第一段对应filekey，第二段对应textkey。

2. x-www-form-urlencoded
   即application/x-www-from-urlencoded，将表单内的数据转换为Key-Value。

POST  HTTP/1.1
Host: test.app.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: e00dbaf5-15e8-3667-6fc5-48ee3cc89758

key1=value1&key2=value2

3. raw
   可以上传任意格式的【文本】，可以上传text、json、xml、html等

POST  HTTP/1.1
Host: test.app.com
Content-Type: application/json
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 05a064d2-fa79-10c0-caba-15ca5d1a940f

"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"

4. binary
   即Content-Type:application/octet-stream，只可以上传二进制数据，通常用来上传文件。由于没有键值，所以一次只能上传一个文件。

POST  HTTP/1.1
Host: test.app.com
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 5ad66f08-6faa-aba0-744a-ca958b1a0fc2

undefined

注意：

multipart/form-data与x-www-form-urlencoded区别：html中的form
表单有两种：application/x-www-form-urlencoded和multipart/form-data。application/x-www-form-urlencoded是默认的MIME内容编码类型，它在传输比较大的二进制或者文本数据时效率极低。

MIME:

简单说，MIME类型就是设定某种扩展名的文件用一种应用程序来打开的方式类型。服务器会将它们发送的多媒体数据的类型告诉浏览器，而通知手段就是说明该多媒体数据的MIME类型，服务器将
MIME标志符放入传送的数据中来告诉浏览器使用哪种插件读取相关文件。

5. multipart/form-data：
   既可以上传文件等二进制数据，也可以上传表单键值对，只是最后会转化为一条信息。当设置multipart/form-data，http会忽略contentType 属性。

6. x-www-form-urlencoded：只能上传键值对，不能用于文件上传。不同的field是用&区分开的。这两个类均实现了HttpEntity接口，使用如下：

public static String testUpload(String url) 
        String result = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
        try 
            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\\\image\\\\sendpix0.jpg"));
            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment)
                    .build();
            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
            try 
                int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 
                    result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
                
             finally 
                response.close();
                httpclient.close();
            
         catch (ClientProtocolException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (IOException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         finally 
            try 
                httpclient.close();
             catch (IOException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
            
        
        return result;
    

    public static String testParam(String url) 
        String result = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        httpclient = HttpsHelper.newHttpsCloseableClient();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1"));
        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2"));
        try 
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params));
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            CloseableHttpResponse httpResp = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
            try 
                int statusCode = httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 
                    result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
                
             finally 
                httpResp.close();
                httpclient.close();
            
         catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (ClientProtocolException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (IOException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         finally 
            try 
                httpclient.close();
             catch (IOException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
            
        
        return result;