监听器Listener

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JavaWeb学习笔记八 监听器 - ~冰 - 博客园

jservlet规范包括三个技术点:servlet ;listener ;filter;监听器就是监听某个对象的的状态变化的组件。监听器的相关概念事件源:

  • 被监听的对象(三个域对象 request,session,servletContext)
  • 监听器:监听事件源对象, 事件源对象的状态的变化都会触发监听器 。
  • 注册监听器:将监听器与事件源进行绑定。
  • 响应行为:监听器监听到事件源的状态变化时,所涉及的功能代码(程序员编写代码)

按照被监听的对象划分:ServletRequest域 ;HttpSession域 ;ServletContext域。按照监听的内容分:监听域对象的创建与销毁的; 监听域对象的属性变化的。

三大域对象的创建与销毁的监听器

ServletContextListener

监听ServletContext域的创建与销毁的监听器,Servlet域的生命周期:在服务器启动创建,服务器关闭时销毁;监听器的编写步骤:

  • 编写一个监听器类去实现监听器接口
  • 覆盖监听器的方法
  • 需要在web.xml中进行配置(注册)

1、监听的方法:

 

2、配置文件:

 

ServletContextListener监听器的主要作用:

  1. 初始化的工作:初始化对象;初始化数据。比如加载数据库驱动,对连接池的初始化。
  2. 加载一些初始化的配置文件;比如spring的配置文件。
  3. 任务调度(定时器Timer/TimerTask)

例子:MyServletContextListener.java

package com.itheima.create;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener

    @Override
    //监听context域对象的创建
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) 
        //就是被监听的对象---ServletContext
        //ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
        //getSource就是被监听的对象  是通用的方法
        //ServletContext source = (ServletContext) sce.getSource();
        //System.out.println("context创建了....");
        
        //开启一个计息任务调度----每天晚上12点 计息一次
        //Timer timer = new Timer();
        //task:任务  firstTime:第一次执行时间  period:间隔执行时间
        //timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, firstTime, period);
        /*timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() 
            @Override
            public void run() 
                System.out.println("银行计息了.....");
            
         , new Date(), 5000);*/
        
        
        
        
        //修改成银行真实计息业务
        //1、起始时间: 定义成晚上12点
        //2、间隔时间:24小时
        /*SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
        //String currentTime = "2016-08-19 00:00:00";
        String currentTime = "2016-08-18 09:34:00";
        Date parse = null;
        try 
            parse = format.parse(currentTime);
         catch (ParseException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
        
        
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() 
            @Override
            public void run() 
                System.out.println("银行计息了.....");
            
         , parse, 24*60*60*1000);*/
        
    

    //监听context域对象的销毁
    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) 
        System.out.println("context销毁了....");
        
    

web.xml

<listener>
    <listener-class>com.itheima.attribute.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
</listener>

HttpSessionListener

监听Httpsession域的创建与销毁的监听器。HttpSession对象的生命周期:第一次调用request.getSession时创建;销毁有以下几种情况(服务器关闭、session过期、 手动销毁)

1、HttpSessionListener的方法

package listener;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

/**
 * Created by yang on 2017/7/27.
 */
public class listenerDemo implements HttpSessionListener 
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) 
        System.out.println("session创建"+httpSessionEvent.getSession().getId());
    

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) 
        System.out.println("session销毁");
    

web.xml:

    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.listenerDemo</listener-class>
    </listener>

创建session代码:

package session;

import cn.dsna.util.images.ValidateCode;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Created by yang on 2017/7/24.
 */
public class SessionDemo extends HttpServlet 
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException 
        doPost(req, resp);
    

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException 
//1 生成验证码
        ValidateCode code = new ValidateCode(200, 80, 4, 100);
//2 将验证码保存到session中
        System.out.println(code.getCode());
        request.getSession().setAttribute("code", code.getCode());
//3 将验证码图片输出到 浏览器
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        code.write(resp.getOutputStream());
    

当创建session时,监听器中的代码将执行。

ServletRequestListener

监听ServletRequest域创建与销毁的监听器。ServletRequest的生命周期:每一次请求都会创建request,请求结束则销毁。

1、ServletRequestListener的方法

package listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;

/**
 * Created by yang on 2017/7/27.
 */
public class RequestListenerDemo implements ServletRequestListener 
    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) 
        System.out.println("request被销毁了");
    

    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) 
        System.out.println("request被创建了");
    

web.xml

    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.RequestListenerDemo</listener-class>
    </listener>

只要客户端发起请求,监听器中的代码就会被执行。

监听三大域对象的属性变化的

域对象的通用的方法

setAttribute(name,value)

  • 触发添加属性的监听器的方法
  • 触发修改属性的监听器的方法

getAttribute(name)

removeAttribute(name):触发删除属性的监听器的方法

ServletContextAttibuteListener监听器

package listener;


import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;

/**
 * Created by yang on 2017/7/27.
 */
public class ServletContextAttrDemo implements ServletContextAttributeListener 
    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) 
        //放到域中的属性
        System.out.println(scab.getName());//放到域中的name
        System.out.println(scab.getValue());//放到域中的value
    

    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) 
        System.out.println(scab.getName());//删除的域中的name
        System.out.println(scab.getValue());//删除的域中的value
    

    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) 
        System.out.println(scab.getName());//获得修改前的name
        System.out.println(scab.getValue());//获得修改前的value
    

web.xml

    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.ServletContextAttrDemo</listener-class>
    </listener>

测试代码:

package listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Created by yang on 2017/7/27.
 */
public class ListenerTest extends HttpServlet
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException 
        ServletContext context=getServletContext();
        context.setAttribute("aaa","bbb");
        context.setAttribute("aaa","ccc");
        context.removeAttribute("aaa");
        doPost(req, resp);
    

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException 

    

HttpSessionAttributeListener监听器(同上)

ServletRequestAriibuteListenr监听器(同上)

与session中的绑定的对象相关的监听器(对象感知监听器)

将要被绑定到session中的对象有几种状态

  • 绑定状态:就一个对象被放到session域中
  • 解绑状态:就是这个对象从session域中移除了
  • 钝化状态:是将session内存中的对象持久化(序列化)到磁盘
  • 活化状态:就是将磁盘上的对象再次恢复到session内存中

对象感知监听器不用在web.xml中配置。

面试题:当用户很对时,怎样对服务器进行优化?

绑定与解绑的监听器HttpSessionBindingListener

package listener;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;

public class Person implements HttpSessionBindingListener

    private String id;
    private String name;
    public String getId() 
        return id;
    
    public void setId(String id) 
        this.id = id;
    
    public String getName() 
        return name;
    
    public void setName(String name) 
        this.name = name;
    
        
    @Override
    //绑定的方法
    public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) 
        System.out.println("person被绑定了");
    
    @Override
    //解绑方法
    public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) 
        System.out.println("person被解绑了");
    

测试类:

package listener;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class TestPersonBindingServlet extends HttpServlet 

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException 

        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        //将person对象绑到session中
        Person p = new Person();
        p.setId("100");
        p.setName("zhangsanfeng");
        session.setAttribute("person", p);
        //将person对象从session中解绑
        session.removeAttribute("person");
    

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException 
        doGet(request, response);
    

钝化与活化的监听器HttpSessionActivationListener

package listener;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;

public class Customer implements HttpSessionActivationListener,Serializable

    private String id;
    private String name;
    
    public String getId() 
        return id;
    
    public void setId(String id) 
        this.id = id;
    
    public String getName() 
        return name;
    
    public void setName(String name) 
        this.name = name;
    
    
    
    @Override
    //钝化
    public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) 
        System.out.println("customer被钝化了");
    
    @Override
    //活化
    public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) 
        System.out.println("customer被活化了");
    
        

测试钝化类:

package listener;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class TestCustomerActiveServlet extends HttpServlet 

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException 
        
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    
        //将customer放到session中
        Customer customer =new Customer();
        customer.setId("200");
        customer.setName("lucy");
        session.setAttribute("customer", customer);
        System.out.println("customer被放到session域中了");
        
        
    

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException 
        doGet(request, response);
    

当访问TestCustomerActiveServlet 之后,停止服务器,就会被钝化,钝化的文件存在tomcat的work文件加下。

活化类:

package listener;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class TestCustomerActiveServlet2 extends HttpServlet 

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException 
        
        //从session域中获得customer
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        Customer customer = (Customer) session.getAttribute("customer");
        
        System.out.println(customer.getName());
        
    

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException 
        doGet(request, response);
    

服务器再次启动,访问TestCustomerActiveServlet2之后,就会被活化。可以通过配置文件,指定对象钝化时间(对象多长时间不用被钝化)

在META-INF下创建一个context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context>
    <!-- maxIdleSwap:session中的对象多长时间(分钟)不使用就钝化 -->
    <!-- directory:钝化后的对象的文件写到磁盘的哪个目录下 配置钝化的对象文件在 work/catalina/localhost/钝化文件 -->
    <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager" maxIdleSwap="1">
        <Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore" directory="itheima32" />
    </Manager>
</Context>

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