linux bash善用判断式
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1.利用 test 指令的测试功能
$ test -e hello.sh && echo "ok" || echo "no" ok
2.首先,判断一下,让使用者输入一个文件名,我们判断:
- 这个文件是否存在,若不存在则给予一个“Filename does not exist”的讯息,并中断程序;
- 若这个文件存在,则判断他是个文件或目录,结果输出“Filename is regular file”或 “Filename is directory”
- 判断一下,执行者的身份对这个文件或目录所拥有的权限,并输出权限数据!
#!/bin/bash #Program # use input filename, program will check the flowing: # 1)exist? 2)file/directory? 3)file permission #Histroy: #2017/07/28 lzyer First release echo "please input filename, i will check sth." read -p "input filename: " filename #1. test -z ${filename} && echo "You MUST input filename" && exit 0 #2 test ! -e ${filename} && echo "the filename ‘${filename}‘ DO NOT exist " && exit 0 #3 test -f ${filename} && filetype="file" test -d ${filename} && filetype="directory" test -r ${filename} && perm="readable" test -w ${filename} && perm="${perm} writeable" test -x ${filename} && perm="${perm} executable" echo "the filename:${filename} is ${filetype}" echo "and permission for you are :${perm}"
3.利用判断符号 [ ]
[ "$HOME" == "$MAIL" ] [□"$HOME"□==□"$MAIL"□] ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
案例设置如下:
- 当执行一个程序的时候,这个程序会让使用者选择 Y 或 N ,
- 如果使用者输入 Y 或 y 时,就显示“ OK, continue ”
- 如果使用者输入 n 或 N 时,就显示“ Oh, interrupt !”
- 如果不是 Y/y/N/n 之内的其他字符,就显示“ I don‘t know what your choice is ”
#!/bin/bash #Program: # This program shows "Hello World!" in your screen. #History: # 2017/07/29 lzyer First release read -p "Please input (Y/N)? " yn [ "${yn}" == "Y" -o "${yn}" == "y" ] && echo "ok, continue " && exit 0 [ "${yn}" == "N" -o "${yn}" == "n" ] && echo "oh, interrupt "&& exit 0 echo "i don‘t know what you choice is " && exit 0
4.Shell script 的默认变量($0, $1...)
- $# :代表后接的参数“个数”,以上表为例这里显示为“ 4 ”;
- [email protected] :代表“ "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4" ”之意,每个变量是独立的(用双引号括起来);
- $* :代表“ "$1<u>c</u>$2<u>c</u>$3<u>c</u>$4" ”,其中 <u>c</u> 为分隔字符,默认为空白键,
- 程序的文件名为何?
- 共有几个参数?
- 若参数的个数小于 2 则告知使用者参数数量太少
- 全部的参数内容为何?
- 第一个参数为何?
- 第二个参数为何
#!/bin/bash #Program # program show the script name,parameters #Histroy # 2017/07/29 lzyer First release echo "the script name is ==> ${0}" echo "Total paramter number is ==> $#" [ "$#" -lt 2 ] && echo "the number of parameters is less than 2.STOP here" && exit 0 echo "your whole parameter is ==> ‘[email protected]‘" echo "The 1st parameter ${1}" echo "The 2nd parameter ${2}"
5.shift:造成参数变量号码偏移
#!/bin/bash #Program: # program show the effect of shift function. #History: #2017/07/29 lzyer First release echo "Total parameter number is $#" echo "your whole parameter is [email protected]" shift echo "Total parameter number is $#" echo "your whole parameter is [email protected]" shift 2 echo "Total parameter number is $#" echo "your whole parameter is [email protected]"
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