面试要回顾的知识

Posted 2022-11-02 菜菜粥

1 计算机组成原理的那些通用寄存器等等

2c++ 的内存组织

3

4面向过程设计（procedural programming ）也称为：
1）.功能分解（Function Decomposition）
2）.自上而下逐步求精（top-down design, stepwise refinement）。
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6

7 static_cast：Used to convert one data type to another and hands all reasonable casts
average = (float) hits / (float) at_bats;
average = static_cast(hits) / static_cast(at_bats);

const_cast：Used to cast away constness.
reinterpret_cast：
dynamic_cast：

8 enum MIN_SIZE = 0,MAX_SIZE = 100 ;
int minVal = MIN_SIZE;
int arr[MAX_SIZE];

9 c++的结构体可以包含函数
struct Point
double x, y;
void setVal(double, double);
;
Point p;
p.x = 3.1415926;
p.y = 1.0;
p.setVal(4.11, -13.090);

10
Inline Function V.S. Macro
Similarities
Each occurrence is replacedwith the definition.
The overhead of a function call is avoided so that the program may execute more efficiently.
The size of the executable image can become quite largeif the expansions are large or there are many expansions.

Dissimilarities
A macro is expanded by the preprocessor, an inline function is expanded by the compiler.
Macro expansions do text substitution without regard to the semanticsof the code; but inline function expansions take into account the semantics.
Macro:No type-safety checking.
Macro:More than once parameter evaluation.
Inline functions are generally preferableto macros.