Linux / MacOS 修改 ls 显示年月日的时间格式
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Linux 修改时间显示格式
本文参考转自米扑博客：Linux / MacOS 修改 ls 显示年月日的时间格式
Linux 系统的 ls 默认支持 --full-time，但是 MacOS 系统下的 ls 不支持 --full-time
1、Linux 系统下的 ls --full-time
# ll /var/log/ | head -5
total 10024
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 May 28 2014 audit
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 May 30 2018 boot.log
-rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 Dec 8 19:53 btmp
-rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 Dec 1 04:14 btmp-20191201
[root@mimvp-bj ~]#
[root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5
total 10024
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log
-rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp
-rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-201912012、Linux 自定义日期格式 （推荐）
# Linux 下修改 .bashrc 或者 .profile , 添加 export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' 即可
vim ~/.bashrc
在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S'
接着，使修改的配置生效
source ~/.bashrc最后，验证
[root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll /var/log/ | head -5
total 10024
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28__22:37:06 audit
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30__09:13:01 boot.log
-rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08__19:53:53 btmp
-rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01__04:14:21 btmp-20191201
[root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5
total 10024
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log
-rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp
-rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-20191201
注意：
若想跟 --full-time 格式一样，显示出纳秒（秒 - 毫秒 - 微妙 - 纳秒），纳秒日期格式为：%N，详见米扑博客：Linux date日期格式及加减运算
即日志格式化：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N'
vim ~/.bashrc
在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N'
接着，使修改的配置生效
source ~/.bashrc最后，验证
[root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll /var/log/ | head -5
total 10028
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28__22:37:06.000000000 audit
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30__09:13:01.455403717 boot.log
-rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08__19:53:53.303521055 btmp
-rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01__04:14:21.953041715 btmp-20191201
[root@mimvp-bj ~]#
[root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5
total 10028
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log
-rw------- 1 root utmp 62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp
-rw------- 1 root utmp 235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-20191201
Macbook 修改时间显示格式
1、Macbook（Unix）可以使用 ls -lT （增加了时分秒，但年月日格式不变）
yg-mac:~ homer$ ll /var/log/ | head
total 243160
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 2017 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 2018 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 19 2017 CoreDuet
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 4 21 2018 alf.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 10 2017 apache2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 4 21 2018 appfirewall.log
yg-mac:~ homer$
yg-mac:~ homer$
yg-mac:~ homer$ ll -lT /var/log/ | head
total 243160
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 20:27:33 2017 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 23:05:38 2018 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 19 11:39:25 2017 CoreDuet
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 4 21 11:10:17 2018 alf.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 10 10:58:11 2017 apache2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 4 21 11:10:48 2018 appfirewall.log
2、Macbook（Unix）自定义日期格式（没生效，失败）
vim ~/.bashrc
在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M'
接着，使修改的配置生效
source ~/.bashrc打印定义的变量 TIME_STYLE，并验证日期格式，没生效！失败了！！！
yg-mac:~ homer$ echo $TIME_STYLE
+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S
yg-mac:~ homer$
yg-mac:~ homer$ ll /var/log/ | head -5
total 243688
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 2017 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 2018 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 19 2017 CoreDuet
drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 12 8 11:00 DiagnosticMessages
3、Macbook（Unix）借助第三方日期格式 （成功，推荐）
格式依旧不太直观, 安装 `coreutils`, 使用 `gls`
1）brew install coreutils （注：经测试，只支持 MacOS，不支持Linux，因为MacOS下安装的 gls 本身同 Linux 下的 ls）
2）which gls
yg-mac:~ homer$ which gls
/usr/local/bin/gls3）man gls （功能同 Linux 下的 ls 一样了，因为 MacOS默认ls与Linux并不同）
yg-mac:~ homer$ gls --help
Usage: gls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..
--author with -l, print the author of each file
-b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
--block-size=SIZE with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;
e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information);
with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default
if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below
-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append '*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g like -l, but do not list owner
--group-directories-first
group directories before files;
can be augmented with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
--hyperlink[=WHEN] hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always'
(default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage;
used only with -s and per directory totals
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print entry names without quoting
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters
--show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,
unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always,
shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape
(overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-S sort by file size, largest first
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),
time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default
modification time: atime or access or use (-u);
ctime or status (-c); also use specified time
as sort key if --sort=time (newest first)
--time-style=TIME_STYLE time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below
-t sort by modification time, newest first
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;
with -l: show access time and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by access time, newest first
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-w, --width=COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any security context of each file
-1 list one file per line. Avoid '\\n' with -q or -b
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
上面帮助里，划重点：
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
--time-style=TIME_STYLE time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below
4）gls 使用示例
gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5
$ gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5
total 122080
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19 11:39:25.000000000 +0800 CoreDuet
drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08 11:00:01.000000000 +0800 DiagnosticMessagesgls -l --time-style 的多种等价格式 （强烈推荐）
gls -l --time-style +'%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N' /var/log/ | head -5
gls -l --time-style "+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5
gls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5
$ gls -l --time-style +'%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N' /var/log/ | head -5
total 122164
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet
drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages
$
yg-mac:~ homer$ gls -l --time-style "+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5
total 122168
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet
drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages
$
$ gls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5
total 122172
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet
drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages--time-style 的更多日期格式和参数，请见米扑博客：Linux date日期格式及加减运算
5）自定义重命名 alias （不推荐，容易混，直接使用 gls 代替 ls 即可，也很简便）
修改 .bashrc 或者 .profile
vim ~/.bashrc
在最后一行添加两行，并保存
alias ls="gls -G"
alias ll="ls -al"
接着，使修改的配置生效
source ~/.bashrc使用测试结果
$ ll /var/log/ | head -5
total 122256
drwxr-xr-x 69 root 2346 12 8 19:39 .
drwxr-xr-x 30 root 1020 8 9 2018 ..
drwxr-xr-x 3 root 102 12 19 2017 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 12 4 13 2018 CDIS.custom
$
$ ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5
total 122256
drwxr-xr-x 69 root 2346 2019-12-08 19:39:56.000000000 +0800 .
drwxr-xr-x 30 root 1020 2018-08-09 23:50:36.000000000 +0800 ..
drwxr-xr-x 3 root 102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom
$
$ ls -lT
gls: option requires an argument -- 'T'
Try 'gls --help' for more information.由上可见，重命名 alias 后的 ls 与 Linux 下的 ls 已经完全一致，即 MacOS下的 gls 同 Linux 下的 ls
但是，MacOS 原生的 ls -lT 已经报错了，这也是不推荐重命名alias，而推荐直接使用 gls 的核心所在
那么，知道错了，如何恢复呢，直接注释掉 alias ？错！
哈哈，其实很简单，可能您别惊吓到了，没想到如此简单：
vim ~/.bashrc
在最后一行添加两行，并保存
alias ls="ls"
alias ll="ls -al"
接着，使修改的配置生效
source ~/.bashrc说明：ls 仍然修改回去即可，不要重命名 alias 到 gls 了，各用各的，安得其所
alias ls="ls"
alias ll="ls -al"
最后，验证是否都各司其职：
$ ll /var/log/ | head -5
total 244688
drwxr-xr-x 69 root wheel 2346 12 8 19:39 .
drwxr-xr-x 30 root wheel 1020 8 9 2018 ..
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 2017 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 2018 CDIS.custom
$
$ gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5
total 122344
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 2017-10-19 11:39:25.000000000 +0800 CoreDuet
drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 2019-12-08 11:00:01.000000000 +0800 DiagnosticMessages
$
$ ls -lT /var/log/ | head -5
total 244696
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 102 12 19 20:27:33 2017 Bluetooth
-rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 12 4 13 23:05:38 2018 CDIS.custom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 68 10 19 11:39:25 2017 CoreDuet
drwxrwx--- 33 root admin 1122 12 8 11:00:01 2019 DiagnosticMessages说明：ls -lT /var/log/ | head -5 恢复正常，不报错，完美！ 成功！ 万岁！！
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