WinForm控件和它的成员

Posted 2022-08-12 dotNET跨平台

窗体无疑是WinForm的主角，每个窗体都是用一个class来承载，那么窗体的控件，就是类中的私有字段了。每个窗体有三个文件，两个.cs文件，是一个分部类，Designer.cs是自动生成的C#代码，一般是拖拽控件后生成的代码；另一个.cs文件是写业务代码用的；第三个是.resx文件，是资源文源，窗体的图片，图标，以及一些控件的配置信息。

比如下面的窗体：

生成的代码如下这么多，可见设计器出力不少。

注：下面代码只是为了让你看它有多长，不需要仔细研究。

namespace WinFormDemo04

    partial class Form1
    
        /// <summary>
        ///  Required designer variable.
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;


        /// <summary>
        ///  Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            
                components.Dispose();
            
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        


        #region Windows Form Designer generated code


        /// <summary>
        ///  Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        ///  the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        
        
            this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.comboBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();
            this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
            this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.treeView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeView();
            this.dataGridView1 = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView();
            this.gridId = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
            this.gridName = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
            this.pictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox();
            this.radioButton1 = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();
            this.checkBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).BeginInit();
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).BeginInit();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // button1
            // 
            this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(35, 27);
            this.button1.Name = "button1";
            this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
            this.button1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.button1.Text = "button1";
            this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
            // 
            // textBox1
            // 
            this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(203, 27);
            this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 23);
            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
            this.textBox1.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textBox1_TextChanged);
            // 
            // comboBox1
            // 
            this.comboBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;
            this.comboBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 26);
            this.comboBox1.Name = "comboBox1";
            this.comboBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25);
            this.comboBox1.TabIndex = 2;
            this.comboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.comboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged);
            // 
            // listBox1
            // 
            this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;
            this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 17;
            this.listBox1.Items.AddRange(new object[] 
            "111",
            "222",
            "aaa");
            this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(199, 84);
            this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1";
            this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 89);
            this.listBox1.TabIndex = 3;
            this.listBox1.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.listBox1_SelectedIndexChanged);
            // 
            // label1
            // 
            this.label1.AutoSize = true;
            this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(138, 30);
            this.label1.Name = "label1";
            this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(43, 17);
            this.label1.TabIndex = 4;
            this.label1.Text = "label1";
            this.label1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.label1_Click);
            // 
            // treeView1
            // 
            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点1");
            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点2");
            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode3 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点0", new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] 
            treeNode1,
            treeNode2);
            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode4 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点4");
            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode5 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点5");
            System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode treeNode6 = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode("节点3", new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] 
            treeNode4,
            treeNode5);


            this.treeView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 84);
            this.treeView1.Name = "treeView1";
            treeNode1.Name = "节点1";
            treeNode1.Text = "节点1";
            treeNode2.Name = "节点2";
            treeNode2.Text = "节点2";
            treeNode3.Name = "节点0";
            treeNode3.Text = "节点0";
            treeNode4.Name = "节点4";
            treeNode4.Text = "节点4";
            treeNode5.Name = "节点5";
            treeNode5.Text = "节点5";
            treeNode6.Name = "节点3";
            treeNode6.Text = "节点3";
            this.treeView1.Nodes.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.TreeNode[] 
            treeNode3,
            treeNode6);
            this.treeView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 97);
            this.treeView1.TabIndex = 5;
            this.treeView1.AfterSelect += new System.Windows.Forms.TreeViewEventHandler(this.treeView1_AfterSelect);
            // 
            // dataGridView1
            // 
            this.dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize;
            this.dataGridView1.Columns.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumn[] 
            this.gridId,
            this.gridName);
            this.dataGridView1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(30, 209);
            this.dataGridView1.Name = "dataGridView1";
            this.dataGridView1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(258, 150);
            this.dataGridView1.TabIndex = 6;
            this.dataGridView1.CellContentClick += new System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellEventHandler(this.dataGridView1_CellContentClick);
            // 
            // ID
            // 
            this.gridId.HeaderText = "ID";
            this.gridId.Name = "ID";
            // 
            // GridName
            // 
            this.gridName.HeaderText = "Name";
            this.gridName.Name = "GridName";
            // 
            // pictureBox1
            // 
            this.pictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(321, 221);
            this.pictureBox1.Name = "pictureBox1";
            this.pictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 50);
            this.pictureBox1.TabIndex = 7;
            this.pictureBox1.TabStop = false;
            this.pictureBox1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.pictureBox1_Click);
            // 
            // radioButton1
            // 
            this.radioButton1.AutoSize = true;
            this.radioButton1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 89);
            this.radioButton1.Name = "radioButton1";
            this.radioButton1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(102, 21);
            this.radioButton1.TabIndex = 8;
            this.radioButton1.TabStop = true;
            this.radioButton1.Text = "radioButton1";
            this.radioButton1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.radioButton1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radioButton1_CheckedChanged);
            // 
            // checkBox1
            // 
            this.checkBox1.AutoSize = true;
            this.checkBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(33, 125);
            this.checkBox1.Name = "checkBox1";
            this.checkBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(89, 21);
            this.checkBox1.TabIndex = 9;
            this.checkBox1.Text = "checkBox1";
            this.checkBox1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.checkBox1.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.checkBox1_CheckedChanged);
            // 
            // Form1
            // 
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(7F, 17F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(497, 418);
            this.Controls.Add(this.checkBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.radioButton1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.pictureBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.dataGridView1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.treeView1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.comboBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
            this.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(2);
            this.Name = "Form1";
            this.Text = "Form1";
            this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGridView1)).EndInit();
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).EndInit();
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.PerformLayout();
        
        #endregion
        private Button button1;
        private TextBox textBox1;
        private ComboBox comboBox1;
        private ListBox listBox1;
        private Label label1;
        private TreeView treeView1;
        private DataGridView dataGridView1;
        private PictureBox pictureBox1;
        private RadioButton radioButton1;
        private CheckBox checkBox1;
        private DataGridViewTextBoxColumn gridId;
        private DataGridViewTextBoxColumn gridName;
    

一个class中的成员可以是字段，属性，方法，构造函数，析构函数，事件，索引器，重载运算符，常量，内部嵌套类。通常，一个类库中的class，属性和方法是最常见的，到可视化窗体或控件类时，属性和事件是最常见的，这是因为通过电脑输入设备或内部的动作，会触发很多事件，这些事件会调用我们订阅的方法，从而完成业务的流转。所以学习可视化控件，就是学习他的属性和事件。每个控件，双击后自动订阅的事件就是这个控件最常用的控件，比如Button的Click，TextBox的TextChanged事件等。

有一些控件还有子控件或子选项，就像一个类型的一个属性是集合类型一些，可以添加子类型。有一些控件是容器控件，用来承载其他控件的，它有一个Controles的属性，可以添加其他类型的控件。

关于每个控件的使用这里就不展开了，因为相关的资料很多，官方的文档就是不错的选择。

在WinForm中，大部分事件都是以xxxEventHandler作为定义事件的委托，并且有两个参数，第一个是object sender，就是发出事件的控件，第二个参数是EventArgs或它的子类，如果是它子类，会携带一些事件的参数。xxxEventHandler和xxxEventArgs与EventHandler和EventArgs是委托和参数的关系，也是对应的。

private void dataGridView1_CellContentClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)

比如DataGridViewCellEventHandler和DataGridViewCellEventArgs，并且Args中有当前单元格的行与列下标。

学习控件是一个细活，一个一个过，关注他们的属性，事件，虽然方法比较少，但也是要关注的，就像研究一个类，就要看他的成员都有什么，各自作用是什么一样。