Kubernetes基础知识及单节点部署！
Posted handsomeboy-东
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了Kubernetes基础知识及单节点部署！相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
kubernetes
Kubernetes概述
kubernetes（k8s），是Google在2014年开源的容器化集群化管理系统，主要目标是让部署容器化应用简单并且高效，它提供了容器编排，资源管理，弹性伸缩，部署管理，服务发现等一些列功能
Kubernetes特性
- 轻量级：由go语言（编译型）开发，相对于解释型语言占用资源较少
- 开源
- 自我修复：控制器控制pod，对异常状态的容器进行先创建再删除，保证业务不中断
- 弹性伸缩：yml定义的阈值（cgroups控制的limit资源上限）和伸缩方式（水平）
- 自动部署，回滚更新
- 服务发现，复制均衡：K8S为多个pod（容器）提供一个统一访问入口（内部IP地址和一个DNS名称），并且负载均衡关联的所有容器，使得用户无需考虑容器IP问题。
使用IPVS（章文嵩）框架—>“替代”iptables - 机密和配置管理：管理机密数据和应用程序配置，而不需要把敏感数据暴露在镜像里，提高敏感数据安全性。并可以将一些常用的配置存储在K8S中，方便应用程序使用。
- 存储编排：挂载外部存储系统，无论是来自本地存储，公有云（如AWS），还是网络存储（如NFS、GlusterFS、Ceph）都作为集群资源的一部分使用，极大提高存储使用灵活性。
- 批处理：提供一次性任务（job），定时任务（crontab）；满足批量数据处理和分析的场景
Kubernetes核心概念
Pod
- Pod是kubernetes中最小的资源单位
- 一个pod会封装多个容器组成一个子节点的运行环境，每个pod中至少有两个容器（基础容器pause和主应用容器）
- 一个pod中的容器共享网络名称空间，容器之间通过本地localhost进行通信
- pod有其生命周期
Controllers
- ReplicaSet：确保预期的Pod副本数量
- Deployment：无状态应用部署
- StatefulSet：有状态应用部署
- DaemonSet：确保所有Node运行同一个Pod
- Job：一次性任务
- Cronjob：定时任务
Service
- 放在Pod失联
- 定义一组pod访问策略
- Label：标签，附加到某个资源上，用于管理对象、查询和筛选
- Namespaces：命名空间，将对象逻辑上隔离
- Annotations：注释
Kubernetes单节点部署
ETCD集群部署
master:192.168.118.11、kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler etcd docker
node1:192.168.118.22、kubelet kube-proxy docker flannel etcd
node2:192.168.118.33、kubelet kube-proxy docker flannel etcd
- 基本准备，三台节点，关闭防火墙，设置时间同步，node节点部署好docker
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com ##设置时间同步
##部署docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
"registry-mirrors": ["https://r4f0p1ia.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
systemctl restart network
systemctl restart docker
- master节点操作,定义两个脚本，
[root@master k8s]# ls
etcd-cert.sh etcd.sh
##etcd-cert.sh是证书制作的脚本，etcd.sh是etcd启动脚本
[root@master k8s]# cat etcd-cert.sh
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF #CA证书配置文件
"signing": #键名称
"default":
"expiry": "87600h" #证书有效期（10年），但新申请的默认只有一年，需要修改
,
"profiles": #简介
"www": #名称
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [ #使用方法
"signing",
"key encipherment", #密钥验证
"server auth", #服务器端验证
"client auth" #客户端验证
]
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF #CA签名文件
"CN": "etcd CA", #CA前面未etcd指定
"key":
"algo": "rsa", #使用rsa非对称密钥的形式
"size": 2048
,
"names": [ #在证书中定义信息
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
]
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
#-----------------------
cat > server-csr.json <<EOF #服务器端签名
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.118.11",
"192.168.118.22",
"192.168.118.33"
],
"key":
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
,
"names": [
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
]
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
[root@master k8s]# cat etcd.sh ##etcd启动脚本
#!/bin/bash
# example: ./etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.118.11 etcd02=https://192.168.118.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.118.33:2380
ETCD_NAME=$1 #位置变量1，etcd节点名称
ETCD_IP=$2 #位置变量2，节点地址
ETCD_CLUSTER=$3 #位置变量3，集群
WORK_DIR=/opt/etcd #指定工作目录
cat <<EOF >$WORK_DIR/cfg/etcd #在指定工作目录创建ETCD的配置文件
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="$ETCD_NAME"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://$ETCD_IP:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://$ETCD_IP:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://$ETCD_IP:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://$ETCD_IP:2379" #对外提供的url使用https的协议进行访问
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://$ETCD_IP:2380,$ETCD_CLUSTER" #多路访问
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" #tokens 令牌环名称：etcd-cluster
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" #状态，重新创建
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service #定义etcd的启动脚本
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=$WORK_DIR/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=$WORK_DIR/bin/etcd \\
--name=\\$ETCD_NAME \\
--data-dir=\\$ETCD_DATA_DIR \\
--listen-peer-urls=\\$ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS \\
--listen-client-urls=\\$ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls=\\$ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=\\$ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS \\
--initial-cluster=\\$ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER \\
--initial-cluster-token=\\$ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN \\
--initial-cluster-state=new \\
--cert-file=$WORK_DIR/ssl/server.pem \\ #证书相关参数
--key-file=$WORK_DIR/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=$WORK_DIR/ssl/server.pem \\
--peer-key-file=$WORK_DIR/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=$WORK_DIR/ssl/ca.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=$WORK_DIR/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl restart etcd
- 创建CA证书
[root@master k8s]# mkdir etcd-cert
[root@master k8s]# mv etcd-cert
etcd-cert/ etcd-cert.sh
[root@master k8s]# mv etcd-cert.sh etcd-cert
##创建cfssl类型工具下载脚本
先从官网源中制作证书的工具下载下来
[root@master etcd-cert]# cat cfssl.sh
#先从官网源中制作证书的工具下载下来，（-o：导出)放在/usr/local/bin中便于系统识别
curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl
#从另一个站点源中下载cfssljson工具，用于识别json配置文件格式
curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
#下载cfssl-certinfo工具
curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
[root@master k8s]# cd /usr/local/bin
[root@master bin]# chmod +x * #给予执行权限
[root@master bin]# ls
cfssl cfssl-certinfo cfssljson
[root@master bin]# cd -
/root/k8s
[root@master k8s]# cd etcd-cert/
[root@master etcd-cert]# ls
etcd-cert.sh
[root@master etcd-cert]# sh -x etcd-cert.sh
[root@master etcd-cert]# ls
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem etcd-cert.sh server.csr server-csr.json server-key.pem server.pem
- 上传etcd包，进行配置
[root@master k8s]# tar zxf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master k8s]# cd etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/
[root@master etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64]# ls
Documentation etcd etcdctl README-etcdctl.md README.md READMEv2-etcdctl.md
[root@master etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64]# mkdir /opt/etcd/cfg,bin,ssl -p #创建etcd工作目录
[root@master etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64]# mv etcd etcdctl /opt/etcd/bin/
[root@master etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64]# cd ../etcd-cert/
[root@master etcd-cert]# cp *.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
##进入卡住状态，等待其他节点加入
[root@master k8s]# bash etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.118.11 etcd02=https://192.168.118.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.118.33:2380
##另起一个master终端，负载命令文件和证书文件至相应的文件
[root@master etcd-cert]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.118.22:/opt/
[root@master etcd-cert]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.118.33:/opt/
[root@master etcd-cert]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.118.22:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
root@192.168.118.22's password:
etcd.service 100% 923 470.6KB/s 00:00
[root@master etcd-cert]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.118.33:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
root@192.168.118.33's password:
etcd.service 100% 923 610.4KB/s 00:00
- 修改node节点
node1：
[root@node1 ~]# cd /opt/etcd/
[root@node1 etcd]# ls
bin cfg ssl
[root@node1 etcd]# vim cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.118.22:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.118.22:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.118.22:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.118.22:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.118.11:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.118.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.118.33:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
node2:
[root@node2 etcd]# vim cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.118.33:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.118.33:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.118.33:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.118.33:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.118.11:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.118.22:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.118.33:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
- 三台节点都启动etcd
systemctl start etcd
查看集群状态
[root@master etcd-cert]# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.118.11:2379,https://192.168.118.22:2379,https://192.168.118.33:2379" cluster-health
member 26f81b159382c99f is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.118.11:2379
member d68cc2d726219f6b is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.118.22:2379
member e094240d4ff7a9fd is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.118.33:2379
cluster is healthy
flannel网络配置
master节点配置
##写入分配的子网段到etcd中，供flannel使用
[root@master etcd-cert]# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.118.11:2379,https://192.168.118.22:2379,https://192.168.118.33:2379" set /coreos.com/network/config ' "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": "Type": "vxlan"'
"Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": "Type": "vxlan"
##查看写入的信息
[root@master etcd-cert]# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.118.11:2379,https://192.168.118.22:2379,https://192.168.118.33:2379" get /coreos.com/network/config
"Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": "Type": "vxlan"
- 上传flannel包到node节点解压，配置node节点，两台node节点同时配置，这里只显示 node1
node1：
[root@node1 ~]# tar xzf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@node1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz mk-docker-opts.sh 公共 视频 文档 音乐
flanneld initial-setup-ks.cfg README.md 模板 图片 下载 桌面
##创建kubernetes工作目录
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /opt/kubernetes/cfg,bin,ssl -p
[root@node1 ~]# mv mk-docker-opts.sh flanneld /opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@node1 ~]# vim flannel.sh ##设置flannel启动脚本
#!/bin/bash
ETCD_ENDPOINTS=$1:-"http://127.0.0.1:2379"
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=$ETCD_ENDPOINTS \\
-etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
-etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
-etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq \\$FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart flanneld
[root@node1 ~]# bash flannel.sh https://192.168.118.11:2379,https://192.168.118.22:2379,https://192.168.118.33:2379
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/flanneld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service.
##配置docker连接flannel
[root@node1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
- 重启docker服务，查看flannel网络
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig
………………………………
flannel.1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1450
inet 172.17.44.0 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 0.0.0.0
inet6 fe80::589d:14ff:fe41:814d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 5a:9d:14:41:81:4d txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 37 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
………………………………
- 在node节点创建两centos容器，测试ping通
[root@node1 ~]# docker run -itd centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
30e483267fa7 centos:7 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute pedantic_hellman
[root@node1 ~]# docker exec -it 30e483267fa7 /bin/bash
[root@30e483267fa7 /]# yum install -y net-tools
[root@30e483267fa7 /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1450
inet 172.17.44.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.17.44.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:2c:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 25655 bytes 19757628 (18.8 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 12640 bytes 685960 (669.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
node2：
[root@2e5d9ef13696 /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1450
inet 172.17.55.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.17.53.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:35:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 25677 bytes 19758055 (18.8 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 12739 bytes 691355 (675.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@30e483267fa7 /]# ping 172.17.55.2
PING 172.17.55.2 (172.17.55.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.55.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.251 ms
^C
--- 172.17.55.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.251/0.251/0.251/0.000 ms
部署master组件
- 在master上操作
[root@master k8s]# unzip master.zip
Archive: master.zip
inflating: apiserver.sh
inflating: controller-manager.sh
inflating: scheduler.sh
[root@master k8s]# mkdir /opt/kubernetes/cfg,bin,ssl -p
[root@master k8s]# mkdir k8s-cert
[root@master k8s]# cd k8s-cert/
[root@master k8s-cert]# ls
k8s-cert.sh
[root@master k8s-cert]# cat k8s-cert.sh
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
"signing":
"default":
"expiry": "87600h"
,
"profiles":
"kubernetes":
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key":
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
,
"names": [
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
]
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
#-----------------------
cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.118.11",
"192.168.118.55",
"192.168.18.66",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key":
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
,
"names": [
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
]
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
#-----------------------
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key":
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
,
"names": [
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
]
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
#-----------------------
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key":
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
,
"names": [
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
]
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
- 生成k8s证书
[root@master k8s-cert]# bash k8s-cert.sh
………………………………
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
- 安装kubernets
[root@master k8s-cert]# ls
admin.csr admin.pem ca-csr.json k8s-cert.sh kube-proxy-key.pem server-csr.json
admin-csr.json ca-config.json ca-key.pem kube-proxy.csr kube-proxy.pem server-key.pem
admin-key.pem ca.csr ca.pem kube-proxy-csr.json server.csr server.pem
[root@master k8s-cert]# cp ca*pem server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@master k8s-cert]# cd ..
[root@master k8s]# tar xzf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master k8s]# cd kubernetes/server/bin
[root@master bin]# cp kube-apiserver kubectl kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@master bin]# cd /root/k8s/
[root@master k8s]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
c9f453bfaa0900ccfe59a8b4da73c438,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
##使用 head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ' 可以随机生成序列号
##二进制文件，token，证书都准备好，开启apiserver
[root@master k8s]# bash apiserver.sh 192.168.118.11 https://192.168.118.11:2379,https://192.168.118.22:2379,https://192.168.118.33:2379
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-apiserver.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service.
[root@master k8s]# ps aux | grep kube ##检查进程是否启动成功
[root@master k8s]# netstat -antp | grep 6443 ##apiserver监听端口6443
tcp 0 0 192.168.118.11:6443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 83684/kube-apiserve
tcp 0 0 192.168.118.11:59886 192.168.118.11:6443 ESTABLISHED 83684/kube-apiserve
tcp 0 0 192.168.118.11:6443 192.168.118.11:59886 ESTABLISHED 83684/kube-apiserve
[root@master k8s]# netstat -antp | grep 8080
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 83684/kube-apiserve
##启动sheduler
[root@master k8s]# ./scheduler.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.
##启动controller-manager
[root@master k8s]# chmod +x controller-manager.sh
[root@master k8s]# ./controller-manager.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.
##查看master节点状态
[root@master k8s]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy "health":"true"
etcd-1 Healthy "health":"true"
etcd-2 Healthy "health":"true"
node节点部署
- 在master上把 kubelet、kube-proxy拷贝到node节点上去
[root@master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.118.22:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
root@192.168.118.22's password:
kubelet 100% 168MB 122.0MB/s 00:01
kube-proxy 100% 48MB 92.3MB/s 00:00
[root@master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.118.33:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
root@192.168.118.33's password:
kubelet 100% 168MB 133.2MB/s 00:01
kube-proxy 100% 48MB 138.2MB/s 00:00
- node节点解压node组件
[root@node1 ~]# unzip node.zip
Archive: node.zip
inflating: proxy.sh
inflating: kubelet.sh
- master节点操作
[root@master bin]# cd /root/k8s/
[root@master k8s]# mkdir kubeconfig
[root@master k8s]# cd kubeconfig/
##拷贝kubeconfig.sh文件进行重命名
[root@master kubeconfig]# mv kubeconfig.sh kubeconfig
[root@master kubeconfig]# vim kubeconfig #修改kubeconfig文件
############删除以下部分
# 创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token
#BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=0fb61c46f8991b718eb38d27b605b008
cat > token.csv <<EOF
$BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
##获取token信息
[root@master kubeconfig]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
c9f453bfaa0900ccfe59a8b4da73c438,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
##配置文件修改未tokenID信息，设置客户端认证参数
[root@master kubeconfig]# kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=c9f453bfaa0900ccfe59a8b4da73c438 --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
##设置环境变量
[root@master kubeconfig]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin/" >> /etc/profile
[root@master kubeconfig]# source /etc/profile
[root@master kubeconfig]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-1 Healthy "health":"true"
etcd-2 Healthy "health":"true"
etcd-0 Healthy "health":"true"
##生成配置文件
[root@master kubeconfig]# bash kubeconfig 192.168.118.11 /root/k8s/k8s-cert/
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kube-proxy" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
##复制配置文件到node节点
[root@master kubeconfig]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@192.168.118.22:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
root@192.168.118.22's password:
bootstrap.kubeconfig 100% 2127 1.5MB/s 00:00
kube-proxy.kubeconfig 100% 6274 7.6MB/s 00:00
[root@master kubeconfig]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@192.168.118.33:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
root@192.168.118.33's password:
bootstrap.kubeconfig 100% 2127 1.9MB/s 00:00
kube-proxy.kubeconfig 100% 6274 6.4MB/s 00:00
##创建bootstrap角色赋予权限用于连接apiserver请求签名
[root@master kubeconfig]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
- node1节点操作
[root@node1 ~]# bash kubelet.sh 192.168.118.22
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@node1 ~]# ps aux | grep kube ##检查kubelet服务处启动
root 112579 0.5 1.1 412480 44320 ? Ssl 10:06 0:00 /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=192.168.118.22 --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config --cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0
root 112594 0.0 0.0 112724 988 pts/1 S+ 10:06 0:00 grep --color=auto kube
- master节点查看node节点的请求
[root@master kubeconfig]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE 以上是关于Kubernetes基础知识及单节点部署！的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章