神奇英语语法系列——非谓语

Posted 2022-07-29 刘炫320

1. 非谓语形态

	动词不定式	动名词	现在分词	过去分词
一般式	to do	doing	doing	done
一般被动式	to be done	being done	being done	done
进行式	to be doing(主动进行)
完成式	to have done	have done	having done	had done
被动完成式	to have been done	having been done	having been done	had been done

2. 担任句子成分

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单词形态	担任句子成分
不定式	除谓语均可
动名词	主宾表定
分词	定状补表

3. 三个done的含义

形态	含义
to be done	被动将来
being done	被动进行
done	被动完成

4. 具体情况

4.1 分词作状语

1. 判断主被动： 主动用doing/having done

2. 注意前后主语是否一致，若不一致用独立主格

3. 固定搭配

   1. judging by
   2. to tell the truth
   3. generally speaking
   4. talking/speaking of
   5. taking everything into
   6. believe it or not is up to you

4. 祈使句用原形，但注意连接词

5. 要是为了什么（to do），作目的状语

6. 独立主格结构

   1. 主动 doing(天气)
   2. 被动 done

7. 特殊情况

   1. The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
   2. The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand.

4.2 五看两听

谓语	宾语	宾补	解释
look at	sb/sth
see	sb/sth
hear	sb/sth	do	全过程，经常性习惯性动作
watch	sb/sth	doing	正在做某事，某一个片段，持续性动作
listen to	sb/sth	done	被动完成
notice	sb/sth
observe	sb/sth

4.3 have的用法

	宾补	意义
have sth	done	使，让（被动）
have sth	doing	使，让（主动）
have sth	to do	有作业要做
have sth	to be done	有包裹要寄

4.4 让的用法

make	sth	do
have	sth	do
let	sth	(to) do
help	sth	(to) do

4.5 but except besides的用法

若前一个句子里有do,则后一个句子里没to

若前一个句子没do,则后一个句子有to

4.6 forget stop try consider等搭配辨析

a. forget to do 忘记做某事（没做）

b. forget doing 忘记做过某事（做了）

a. stop/go on doing 继续做原来的事

b. stop/go on to do 继续做新的事

a. try to do 努力做某事

b. try doing 试着做某事

a. love doing 一般倾向

b. love to do 偶尔

a. consider to do （被）认为

b. consider doing 考虑去做某事

a. mean to do 打算做

b. mean doing 意味着

a. regret to do 遗憾的做某事

b. regret doing 懊悔做过某事

a. why not do sth

b. how about doing sth

a. keep sb doing 主动

b. keep sb done 被动

a. get sb to do 去做

b. get sb doing 开始做

c. get sb done 被做

4.7 主动表被动

1. be worth doing sth
2. be worth of being done
3. be worthy to be done
4. It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth
5. to be blame
6. be adj to do sth
7. fix/need/want/require doing

4.8 被动表主动

dress seat face devote loss

系动词/不及物动词无被动

状语从句中，主语与主句一致时，可以省略主语+be

4.9 情感动词

excite/surprise/worry/please/puzzle/amaze/inspire

a. -ed 表示主语本身动作

b. -ing 表示他人的动作

4.10 符号决定了是谓语还是非谓语

冒号，破折号，分号常跟简单句

如果不是这就是非谓语

1. to do 将要做
2. to be done 将要被做
3. to be doing 正在做
4. to have done 已经做了
5. to have been done 已经被做了

4.11 make or get

make sb do

make oneself done

make sb adj