java与es8实战之五:SpringBoot应用中操作es8(带安全检查:https账号密码API Key)
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本篇概览
- 本篇是《java与es8实战》系列的第五篇,总体目标明确:实战在SpringBoot应用中操作elasticsearch8,今天的重点是SpringBoot应用连接带有安全检查的elasticsearch8服务端
- 连接需要安全检查的elasticsearch8是为了更接近真实环境,首先,连接是基于自签证书的https协议,其次,认证方式有两种
- 第一种是账号密码
- 第二种是es服务端授权的API Key
- 以上两种认证方式,在今天的实战中都会尝试,再加上前文《java与es8实战之四:SpringBoot应用中操作es8(无安全检查)》,可以小小的梳理一下SpringBoot应用连接es8的方式了,如下所示,直连、证书+账号密码、证书+API key等三种
- 今天的实战总体目标可以拆解为两个子任务
- 在SpringBoot中连接elasticsearch8
- 在SpringBoot中使用elasticsearch8官方的Java API Client
- 接下来直接开始
部署elasticsearch集群(需要安全检查)
- 关于快速部署elasticsearch集群(需要安全检查),可以参考《docker-compose快速部署elasticsearch-8.x集群+kibana》
创建API Key
- 除了账号密码,ES还提供了一种安全的访问方式:API Key,java应用持有es签发的API Key也能顺利发送指令到es,接下来咱们先生成API Key,再在应用中使用此API Key
- 《docker-compose快速部署elasticsearch-8.x集群+kibana》一文中,的咱们将自签证书从容器中复制出来了,现在在证书所在目录执行以下命令,注意参数expiration代表这个ApiKey的有效期,我这里随意设置为10天
curl -X POST "https://localhost:9200/_security/api_key?pretty" \\
--cacert es01.crt \\
-u elastic:123456 \\
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\
-d'
"name": "my-api-key-10d",
"expiration": "10d"
'
- 会收到以下响应,其中的encoded字段就是API Key
"id" : "eUV1V4EBucGIxpberGuJ",
"name" : "my-api-key-10d",
"expiration" : 1655893738633,
"api_key" : "YyhSTh9ETz2LKBk3-Iy2ew",
"encoded" : "ZVVWMVY0RUJ1Y0dJeHBiZXJHdUo6WXloU1RoOUVUejJMS0JrMy1JeTJldw=="
Java应用连接elasticsearch的核心套路
- 不论是直连,还是带安全检查的连接,亦或是与SpringBoot的集成使之更方便易用,都紧紧围绕着一个不变的核心套路,该套路由两部分组成,掌握了它们就能在各种条件下成功连接es
- 首先,是builder pattern,连接es有关的代码,各种对象都是其builder对象的build方法创建的,建议您提前阅读《java与es8实战之一》一文,看完后,满屏的builder代码可以从丑变成美…
- 其次,就是java应用能向es发请求的关键:ElasticsearchClient对象,该对象的创建是有套路的,如下图,先创建RestClient,再基于RestClient创建ElasticsearchTransport,最后基于ElasticsearchTransport创建ElasticsearchClient,这是个固定的套路,咱们后面的操作都是基于此的,可能会加一点东西,但不会改变流程和图中的对象
- 准备完毕,开始写代码
新建子工程
-
为了便于管理依赖库版本和源码,《java与es8实战》系列的所有代码都以子工程的形式存放在父工程elasticsearch-tutorials中
-
《java与es8实战之二:实战前的准备工作》一文说明了创建父工程的详细过程
-
在父工程elasticsearch-tutorials中新建名为crud-with-security的子工程,其pom.xml内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<!-- 请改为自己项目的parent坐标 -->
<parent>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-tutorials</artifactId>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<!-- 请改为自己项目的artifactId -->
<artifactId>crud-with-security</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<!-- 请改为自己项目的name -->
<name>crud-with-security</name>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<url>https://github.com/zq2599</url>
<!--不用spring-boot-starter-parent作为parent时的配置-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>$springboot.version</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 不加这个,configuration类中,IDEA总会添加一些提示 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<!-- exclude junit 4 -->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- junit 5 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- elasticsearch引入依赖 start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>co.elastic.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 使用spring boot Maven插件时需要添加该依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jakarta.json</groupId>
<artifactId>jakarta.json-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 需要此插件,在执行mvn test命令时才会执行单元测试 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0-M4</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>false</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
配置文件
- 为了成功连接es,需要两个配置文件:SpringBoot常规的配置application.yml和es的自签证书
- 首先是application.yml,如下所示,因为本篇要验证两种授权方式,所以账号、密码、apiKey全部填写在配置文件中,如下所示
elasticsearch:
username: elastic
passwd: 123456
apikey: ZVVWMVY0RUJ1Y0dJeHBiZXJHdUo6WXloU1RoOUVUejJMS0JrMy1JeTJldw==
# 多个IP逗号隔开
hosts: 127.0.0.1:9200
- 接下来是es的自签证书,这是SpringBoot应用在向es8发起https请求时需要用到的,在《docker-compose快速部署elasticsearch-8.x集群+kibana》一文中已经将其成功从容器中复制出来,现在请将其放在application.yml文件所在位置,如下图
编码:启动类
- SpringBoot启动类,平淡无奇的那种
@SpringBootApplication
public class SecurityApplication
public static void main(String[] args)
SpringApplication.run(SecurityApplication.class, args);
编码:配置文件
-
接下来是全文的重点:通过Config类向Spring环境注册服务bean,这里有这两处要注意的地方
-
第一个要注意的地方:向Spring环境注册的服务bean一共有两个,它们都是ElasticsearchClient类型,一个基于账号密码认证,另一个基于apiKey认证
-
第二个要注意的地方:SpringBoot向es服务端发起的是https请求,这就要求在建立连接的时候使用正确的证书,也就是刚才咱们从容器中复制出来再放入application.yml所在目录的es01.crt文件,使用证书的操作发生在创建ElasticsearchTransport对象的时候,属于前面总结的套路步骤中的一步,如下图红框所示
- 配置类的详细代码如下,有几处需要注意的地方稍后会说明
package com.bolingcavalry.security.config;
import co.elastic.clients.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchClient;
import co.elastic.clients.json.jackson.JacksonJsonpMapper;
import co.elastic.clients.transport.ElasticsearchTransport;
import co.elastic.clients.transport.rest_client.RestClientTransport;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder.HttpClientConfigCallback;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "elasticsearch") //配置的前缀
@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class ClientConfig
@Setter
private String hosts;
@Setter
private String username;
@Setter
private String passwd;
@Setter
private String apikey;
/**
* 解析配置的字符串,转为HttpHost对象数组
* @return
*/
private HttpHost[] toHttpHost()
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(hosts))
throw new RuntimeException("invalid elasticsearch configuration");
String[] hostArray = hosts.split(",");
HttpHost[] httpHosts = new HttpHost[hostArray.length];
HttpHost httpHost;
for (int i = 0; i < hostArray.length; i++)
String[] strings = hostArray[i].split(":");
httpHost = new HttpHost(strings[0], Integer.parseInt(strings[1]), "https");
httpHosts[i] = httpHost;
return httpHosts;
@Bean
public ElasticsearchClient clientByPasswd() throws Exception
ElasticsearchTransport transport = getElasticsearchTransport(username, passwd, toHttpHost());
return new ElasticsearchClient(transport);
private static SSLContext buildSSLContext()
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("es01.crt");
SSLContext sslContext = null;
try
CertificateFactory factory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
Certificate trustedCa;
try (InputStream is = resource.getInputStream())
trustedCa = factory.generateCertificate(is);
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance("pkcs12");
trustStore.load(null, null);
trustStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", trustedCa);
SSLContextBuilder sslContextBuilder = SSLContexts以上是关于java与es8实战之五:SpringBoot应用中操作es8(带安全检查:https账号密码API Key)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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