就够了
Posted 天才少年_
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了就够了相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
- 前言
上篇文章介绍了几种hanlder创建方式,其实这种使用方式大家都知道,但是为什么可以这么做,可能很多人不知道,至少不清楚,网上很多文章也是到处粘贴,听别说handler把Message发送到MessageQueue里面去,Looper通过死循环,不断从MessageQueue里面获取Message处理消息,因为Mesage.target就是当前hanlder,所以最后转到handleMessage()方法中去处理,整个流程是这样。其实大概都是对的,之前面试的时候,我也都是这么说,也没有面试官深入问过,这次正好有时间深入源码系统学习下,毕竟还是要知其所以然。
2.使用方法
package com.example.test.myapplication;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
private Handler handler1 = new Handler()
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
if (msg.arg1 == 1)
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "hanlder1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
super.handleMessage(msg);
;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
new Thread(new Runnable()
@Override
public void run()
Message message = handler1.obtainMessage();
message.arg1 = 1;
handler1.sendMessage(message);
).start();
这种用法是大家最常用的,下面我们就用这个来作为切入点。
3.源码讲解
1)Looper,MessageQueue创建
应用启动的时候会先调用ActivityThread的main方法,main方法会调用Looper.prepareMainLooper();创建Looper对象,Looper对象的构造方法中会创建MessageQueue对象,源码如下所示:
public static void main(String[] args)
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ActivityThreadMain");
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
// CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy. We
// disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
// StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);
Environment.initForCurrentUser();
// Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());
AndroidKeyStoreProvider.install();
// Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);
Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null)
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
if (false)
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
在第23行可以看到Looper.prepareMainLooper();方法,此方法其实就是UI线程默认为应用创建Looper对象,我们继续看下prepareMainLooper()方法的源码:
public static void prepareMainLooper()
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class)
if (sMainLooper != null)
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
sMainLooper = myLooper();
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed)
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null)
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
这里通过调用调用prepare()方法,创建了Looper对象,而且sThreadLocal如果没有Looper,则新建Looper进去,如果存在,则抛出异常,而且从判空可以看出一个线程最多只能创建一个Looper对象,验证了很多人说的一个线程一个Looper对象的说法。
上面提到在Looper的构造方法中,会创建MessageQueue对象,我们看一下Looper构造方法:
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed)
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
没有错,Looper创建的同时会创建MessageQueue,所以很多人说一个Looper对应一个MessageQueue就是从这里来的。Looper跟MessageQueue都创建好了,接下来看如何发送Message消息。
2)handler.sendMessage(message)发送消息到什么地方,内部怎么处理
要想知道发送到哪里,怎么处理,只有一条路,跟到源码中去看:
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
if (delayMillis < 0)
delayMillis = 0;
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null)
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
前面两个方法就不看了,直接看sendMessageAtTime()方法,sendMessageAtTime()方法中传入两个参数,msg就是我们handler.sendMessage(message)发送的Message对象,而uptimeMillis参数则表示发送消息的时间,它的值等于自系统开机到当前时间的毫秒数再加上延迟时间,如果你调用的不是sendMessageDelayed()方法,则延迟时间就为0。方法最后调用了enqueueMessage()。
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis)
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous)
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
上面方法中,会调用queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis),queue其实就是Looper构造函数中初始化的MessageQueue对象,可以看到,handler把消息发送到MessageQueue中了。
3)MessageQueue对象
接下来我们看queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);的源码:
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when)
if (msg.target == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
if (msg.isInUse())
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
synchronized (this)
if (mQuitting)
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when)
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
else
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;)
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when)
break;
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous())
needWake = false;
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake)
nativeWake(mPtr);
return true;
这段代码有点意思,其实就是入队操作,之前一直以为MessageQueue里面有个列表,Message依次保存在里面,其实并不是。MessageQueue借助Message对象(next)成员变量,实现单向链表,并且用一个mMessages对象表示当前待处理的消息。
我们来分析一下上面代码,第二十行,首先Message p = mMessages;把当前待处理的message赋值给p,接下来是一个很长的判断if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when),根据判断可以得知,有以下两种情况会执行if里面的语句:1.应用首次调用sendMessage时,当前待处理的消息为null,则p为空,则会执行;2.当前传入msg的when小于当前待处理msg的when,及当前传入的消息要先于当前待处理mMessages得到处理,所以传入的msg赋值为mMessages,而下一个待处理消息才为原先的待处理消息。
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when)
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
当执行过多个sendMessage方法时并且消息的时间(when)比当前待处理的消息的时间(when)大,这个时候就会移动链表,根据时间先后,插入到合适的位置,调用如下代码:
Message prev;
for (;;)
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when)
break;
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous())
needWake = false;
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
不停的循环,根据when,及发送时间来先后排序,先发送的排在最前面,用message.next来指定下一个Message对象,这样MessageQueue通过时间把多个Message组成一个单向链表。
4)Looper对象,取当前待处理Message。
有进就有出,如何从MessageQueue中获取当前Message进行处理呢,这就要看Looper.loop()方法了。这里可以明白为什么子线程中初始化Handler最后为什么要显示调用Looper.loop()方法了吧,其实相当于启动获取Message方法的循环,主线程中会默认调用。
public static void loop()
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null)
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;)
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null)
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null)
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null)
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent)
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
msg.recycleUnchecked();
可以看到,第13行依然是一个死循环,不断执行的queue.next()方法,next()方法其实就是做消息出队列操作。获取当前待处理的mMessages对象,然后让下一条消息成为mMessages,其实跟链表操作一样,没有难度。loop()方法的第27行,Message获取到后,则调用msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法,msg是Message对象,target是什么呢?看下Message源码,target其实是发送该Message的Handler对象。
调用Message message = handler1.obtainMessage();的时候,会进行赋值:
public static Message obtain(Handler h)
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
return m;
接下来当然就要看一看Handler中dispatchMessage()方法的源码了,如下所示:
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg)
if (msg.callback != null)
handleCallback(msg);
else
if (mCallback != null)
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg))
return;
handleMessage(msg);
一般情况下,按照我们上面的调用方式,msg.callback,mCallback 都为空,则会直接调用handleMessage(msg)方法,这样终于转到我们的handleMessage方法中来了,在里面去做更新UI的操作。当然有人会问,什么时候msg.callback,mCallback不为空呢?
msg.callback不为空,其实只要看看源码里面,哪些方法可以赋值就可以了:
public static Message obtain(Handler h, Runnable callback)
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
m.callback = callback;
return m;
下面是我的调用方法:
package com.example.test.myapplication;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
private Handler handler1 = new Handler();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
new Thread(new Runnable()
@Override
public void run()
Message message = Message.obtain(handler1, new Runnable()
@Override
public void run()
System.out.println("handler2 Thread========="+Thread.currentThread().getName());
);
message.arg1 = 1;
handler1.sendMessage(message);
).start();
从打印信息可以看到,run方法里面其实也是主线程,这种方式其实很多,下面一一介绍。
4.其他:
上面这个callback的调用方式大家有没有很熟悉呢,其实有几种是大家平时经常使用的:
1.Handler的post()方法
2.View的post()方法
3.Activity的runOnUiThread()方法
这些都可以在子线程中转到主线程,从而去更新UI,至于为什么可以呢,相信很多人不知道。
1)Handler的post()源码
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
万变不离其宗,其实还是调用sendMessageDelayed方法,而且Runnable还被封装成了Message,后面入链表,出链表过程跟前面讲的都一样。
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r)
Message m = Message.obtain();
m.callback = r;
return m;
只是最后的时候,msg.callback != null,他会调用handleCallback(msg);
private static void handleCallback(Message message)
message.callback.run();
这样,run方法被调用,是不是很简单。
2)View的post()源码
View类中,post方法:
public boolean post(Runnable action)
final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
if (attachInfo != null)
return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
// Assume that post will succeed later
ViewRootImpl.getRunQueue().post(action);
return true;
竟然还是mHandler.post(action),原理同上了。
3)Activity的runOnUiThread()源码
public final void runOnUiThread(Runnable action)
if (Thread.currentThread() != mUiThread)
mHandler.post(action);
else
action.run();
如果当前的线程不等于UI线程,仍然执行mHandler.post(action)方法,如果就在主线程,当然直接接口回调,调用run方法就可以了。
5.总结:
所以不管何种子线程转到主线程去刷新UI,背后原理其实都是一样的,搞清楚了一个,都清楚了。希望看到这篇文章后,面试官再问子线程更新主线程的问题的时候,你可以是下面的表情:
如有错误欢迎指出来,一起学习。
以上是关于就够了的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章