CentOS部署MySQL 5.7（详细）

Posted 2022-03-28 程序员超时空

MySQL5.7安装步骤

• 查看该操作系统上是否已经安装了mysql数据库

  rpm -qa | grep mysql
  

• 如果已存在，进行删除( yum remove )

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
  mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# service mysql status
  mysql: unrecognized service
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# yum remove mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
  …
  Removed:
  mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6

  Dependency Removed:
  cloud-init.x86_64 0:0.7.5-10.el6.centos.2 cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6
  cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6
  postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 redhat-lsb-core.x86_64 0:4.0-7.el6.centos
  sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-22.el6

  Complete!
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]#

• 没有则根据以下步骤安装

  1、在/usr/local目录下新建文件夹mysql
  2、将下载好的linux mysql安装包上传服务器

  下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

  3、解压文件

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# tar -vxzf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

• 配置MySQL
  1、建立mysql用户（mysql）和用户组（mysql），并创建数据库

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# groupadd mysql
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

  -r：表示mysql用户是一个系统用户

  2、创建数据库目录

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# mkdir -p /var/mysql/data
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql

  3、初始化数据库（注意目录层级）

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data

  注意：初始化完成后，最后一行会生成一个临时登录密码，记下来。

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data
  2020-02-09T03:54:51.849852Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
  2020-02-09T03:54:52.849221Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
  2020-02-09T03:54:53.009538Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
  2020-02-09T03:54:53.093615Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ed876cce-4aef-11ea-ab5f-fa163e79b50a.
  2020-02-09T03:54:53.096645Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed’ cannot be opened.
  2020-02-09T03:54:53.097556Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (k9.fR_%rh3=
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]#

  注：如果初始化报错：

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# /bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data
  -bash: /bin/mysqld: No such file or directory

  说明缺少安装包libaio和libaio-devel.执行以下命令进行安装

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# yum install -y libaio*

  如果报错：bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1

  [root@VM-0-15-centos mysql-5.7.32-el7-x86_64]# yum -y install numactl

  3.1 把mysql加入搜索路径

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# vi /etc/profile
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# source /etc/profile

  export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
  export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH
  

  刷新配置文件

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# source /etc/profile

  注：如果报错：cannot execute binary file

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]#
  bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql –
  basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
  –datadir=/var/mysql/data -bash: bin/mysqld: cannot execute binary file

  检查系统位数：

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 /]# getconf LONG_BIT
  32

  与所安装软件位数不符，更换对应版本

  4、配置MySQL
  修改mysql配置文件my.cnf

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# whereis my.cnf
  my: /etc/my.cnf

  默认配置文件如下：

  [mysqld]
  datadir=/var/lib/mysql
  socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  user=mysql
  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  symbolic-links=0
  [mysqld_safe]
  log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
  pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]#

  修改配置文件：

  [mysqld]
  datadir=/var/mysql/data
  socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock
  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  symbolic-links=0
  interactive_timeout=3000
  wait_timeout=3000
  character-set-server=utf8
  collation-server=utf8_general_ci
  # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
  # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
  # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
  # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
  [mysqld_safe]
  # log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
  # pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
  log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log
  pid-file=/var/mysql/data/mysql.pid
  [client]
  socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock

  创建日志目录：

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# cd /var/log
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 log]# mkdir mysql
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 log]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./mysql/

  配置系统启动后自动启动mysqld

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 log]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

  修改/etc/init.d/mysqld

  basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
  datadir=/var/mysql/data

  设定开机启动，并启动

  chkconfig --add mysqld
  chkconfig mysqld on
  service mysqld start

  执行结果并查看

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 data]# service mysqld start
  Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/var/log/mysql/mysql.log’.
  [ OK ]
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 data]# ps -ef | grep mysql
  root 4324 1 0 12:25 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/mysql/data --pid-file=/var/mysql/data/instance-38r7isl1.pid
  mysql 4538 4324 2 12:25 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log --pid-file=/var/mysql/data/instance-38r7isl1.pid --socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock
  root 4988 1836 0 12:26 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 data]#

  密码修改和授权远程访问等

  [root@instance-38r7isl1 data]# mysql -umysql -p
  Enter password:
  ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘mysql’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)
  [root@instance-38r7isl1 data]# mysql -uroot -p
  Enter password:
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
  Your MySQL connection id is 4
  Server version: 5.7.22
  Copyright 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.
  mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> flush privileges;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  mysql> flush privileges;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql>

  使用Navicat连接测试通过