Linux 信息收集相关命令

Posted 2022-02-06 浪人联想

做个笔记，方便查找。

内核，操作系统，设备信息

lsb_release -a 	查看系统发行版本
uname -a	查看内核版本
uname -r    内核版本
uname -n    系统主机名
uname -m    查看系统内核架构（64位/32位）
hostname    系统主机名
cat /proc/version    内核信息
cat /etc/*-release   发布信息
cat /etc/issue       分发信息
cat /proc/cpuinfo    CPU信息
cat /etc/lsb-release 	# Debian 
cat /etc/redhat-release 	# Redhat
ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-

用户和群组

cat /etc/passwd     列出系统上的所有用户
cat /var/mail/root
cat /var/spool/mail/root
cat /etc/group      列出系统上的所有组
grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0  print $1'      列出所有的超级用户账户
whoami              查看当前用户
w                   谁目前已登录，他们正在做什么
last                最后登录用户的列表
lastlog             所有用户上次登录的信息
lastlog –u %username%  有关指定用户上次登录的信息
lastlog |grep -v "Never"  以前登录用户的完

用户权限信息

whoami        当前用户名
id            当前用户信息
cat /etc/sudoers  谁被允许以root身份执行
sudo -l       当前用户可以以root身份执行操作

环境信息

env        显示环境变量
set        现实环境变量
echo %PATH 路径信息
history    显示当前用户的历史命令记录
pwd        输出工作目录
cat /etc/profile   显示默认系统变量
cat /etc/shells    显示可用的shellrc
cat /etc/bashrc
cat ~/.bash_profile
cat ~/.bashrc
cat ~/.bash_logout

进程和服务

ps aux
ps -ef
top
cat /etc/services

查看以root 运行的进程:
ps aux | grep root
ps -ef | grep root

查看安装的软件

ls -alh /usr/bin/
ls -alh /sbin/
ls -alh /var/cache/yum/
dpkg -l

服务/插件

检查有没有不安全的服务配置，和一些有漏洞的插件:

cat /etc/syslog.conf
cat /etc/chttp.conf
cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
cat /etc/inetd.conf
cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
cat /etc/my.conf
cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/

计划任务

crontab -l
ls -alh /var/spool/cron
ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
ls -al /etc/cron*
cat /etc/cron*
cat /etc/at.allow
cat /etc/at.deny
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny
cat /etc/crontab
cat /etc/anacrontab
cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

有无明文存放用户密码

grep -i user [filename]
grep -i pass [filename]
grep -C 5 "password" [filename]
find , -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password"

有无ssh 私钥

cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
cat ~/.ssh/identity
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

查看与当前机器通信的其他用户或者主机

lsof -i
lsof -i :80					#查看端口为80相关文件
grep 80 /etc/services
netstat -antup
netstat -antpx
netstat -tulpn
chkconfig --list
chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
last
w

日志文件

cat /var/log/boot.log
cat /var/log/cron
cat /var/log/syslog
cat /var/log/wtmp
cat /var/run/utmp
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
cat /var/log/apache/access_log
cat /var/log/apache/access.log
cat /var/log/auth.log
cat /var/log/chttp.log
cat /var/log/cups/error_log
cat /var/log/dpkg.log
cat /var/log/faillog
cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lastlog
cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
cat /var/log/messages
cat /var/log/secure
cat /var/log/syslog
cat /var/log/wtmp
cat /var/log/xferlog
cat /var/log/yum.log
cat /var/run/utmp
cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
cat /var/www/logs/access_log
cat /var/www/logs/access.log
ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
ls -alh /var/log/samba/

Note: auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp

交互式shell

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
echo os.system('/bin/bash')
/bin/sh -i

可提权SUID && GUID

find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null   # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here.
find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null    # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it.
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null    # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it.
#常见的可用来提权的Linux 可执行文件有：Nmap, Vim, find, bash, more, less, nano, cp

find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null    # SGID or SUID
for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i \\( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \\) -type f 2>/dev/null; done    # Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID (Quicker search)

# find starting at root (/), SGID or SUID, not Symbolic links, only 3 folders deep, list with more detail and hide any errors (e.g. permission denied)
find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -4000 ! -type l -maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld  \\; 2>/dev/null

查看可写/执行目录

find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null      # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null     # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -o w -type d 2>/dev/null     # world-writeable folders
find / -perm -o x -type d 2>/dev/null     # world-executable folders
find / \\( -perm -o w -perm -o x \\) -type d 2>/dev/null   # world-writeable & executable folders

查看安装过的工具

find / -name perl*
find / -name python*
find / -name gcc*
...

未完