modules：存放自己写的python类
——game.py:主模块目录

resources：存放引用到的图片、音频等等
——audios:音频资源
——images:图片资源
——fonts：字体

cfg.py：为主配置文件

xxl.py：主程序文件

requirements.txt：需要引入的python依赖包

2、详细配置

cfg.py

配置文件中，需要引入os模块，并且配置打开游戏的屏幕大小。

'''配置文件'''
import os


'''屏幕大小'''
SCREENSIZE = (610, 612)
'''游戏元素尺寸'''
NUMGRID = 8
GRIDSIZE = 64
XMARGIN = (SCREENSIZE[0] - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2
YMARGIN = (SCREENSIZE[1] - GRIDSIZE * NUMGRID) // 2
'''根目录'''
ROOTDIR = os.getcwd()
'''FPS'''
FPS = 30

3、消消乐所有图形加载

game.py：第一部分

把整个项目放在一整个game.py模块下了，

把这个代码文件拆开解读一下。

拼图精灵类：首先通过配置文件中，获取方块精灵的路径，

加载到游戏里。

定义move()移动模块的函数，这个移动比较简单。

模块之间，只有相邻的可以相互移动。

'''
Function:
    定义游戏
Author:
    Lex:
    hacklex
'''
import sys
import time
import random
import pygame


'''拼图精灵类'''
class gemSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(slef, img_path, size, position, downlen, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(slef)
        slef.image = pygame.image.load(img_path)
        slef.image = pygame.transform.smoothscale(slef.image, size)
        slef.rect = slef.image.get_rect()
        slef.rect.left, slef.rect.top = position
        slef.downlen = downlen
        slef.target_x = position[0]
        slef.target_y = position[1] + downlen
        slef.type = img_path.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
        slef.fixed = False
        slef.speed_x = 10
        slef.speed_y = 10
        slef.direction = 'down'
    '''拼图块移动'''
    def move(slef):
        if slef.direction == 'down':
            slef.rect.top = min(slef.target_y, slef.rect.top+slef.speed_y)
            if slef.target_y == slef.rect.top:
                slef.fixed = True
        elif slef.direction == 'up':
            slef.rect.top = max(slef.target_y, slef.rect.top-slef.speed_y)
            if slef.target_y == slef.rect.top:
                slef.fixed = True
        elif slef.direction == 'left':
            slef.rect.left = max(slef.target_x, slef.rect.left-slef.speed_x)
            if slef.target_x == slef.rect.left:
                slef.fixed = True
        elif slef.direction == 'right':
            slef.rect.left = min(slef.target_x, slef.rect.left+slef.speed_x)
            if slef.target_x == slef.rect.left:
                slef.fixed = True
    '''获取坐标'''
    def getPosition(slef):
        return slef.rect.left, slef.rect.top
    '''设置坐标'''
    def setPosition(slef, position):
        slef.rect.left, slef.rect.top = position

4、随机生成初始布局、相邻消除、自动下落

game.py 第二部分

详细注释，都写在代码里了。大家一定要看一遍，不要跑起来，就不管了哦

'''游戏类'''
class genmGame():
    def __init__(self, screen, sounds, font, genm_imgs, cfg, **kwargs):
        self.info = 'genmgenm —— hacklex'
        self.screen = screen
        self.sounds = sounds
        self.font = font
        self.genm_imgs = genm_imgs
        self.cfg = cfg
        self.reset()
    '''开始游戏'''
    def start(self):
        clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        # 遍历整个游戏界面更新位置
        overall_moving = True
        # 指定某些对象个体更新位置
        individual_moving = False
        # 定义一些必要的变量
        genm_selected_xy = None
        genm_selected_xy2 = None
        swap_again = False
        add_score = 0
        add_score_showtimes = 10
        time_pre = int(time.time())
        # 游戏主循环
        while True:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT or (event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE):
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                    if (not overall_moving) and (not individual_moving) and (not add_score):
                        position = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                        if genm_selected_xy is None:
                            genm_selected_xy = self.checkSelected(position)
                        else:
                            genm_selected_xy2 = self.checkSelected(position)
                            if genm_selected_xy2:
                                if self.swapgenm(genm_selected_xy, genm_selected_xy2):
                                    individual_moving = True
                                    swap_again = False
                                else:
                                    genm_selected_xy = None
            if overall_moving:
                overall_moving = not self.dropgenms(0, 0)
                # 移动一次可能可以拼出多个3连块
                if not overall_moving:
                    res_match = self.isMatch()
                    add_score = self.removeMatched(res_match)
                    if add_score > 0:
                        overall_moving = True
            if individual_moving:
                genm1 = self.getgenmByPos(*genm_selected_xy)
                genm2 = self.getgenmByPos(*genm_selected_xy2)
                genm1.move()
                genm2.move()
                if genm1.fixed and genm2.fixed:
                    res_match = self.isMatch()
                    if res_match[0] == 0 and not swap_again:
                        swap_again = True
                        self.swapgenm(genm_selected_xy, genm_selected_xy2)
                        self.sounds['mismatch'].play()
                    else:
                        add_score = self.removeMatched(res_match)
                        overall_moving = True
                        individual_moving = False
                        genm_selected_xy = None
                        genm_selected_xy2 = None
            self.screen.fill((135, 206, 235))
            self.drawGrids()
            self.genms_group.draw(self.screen)
            if genm_selected_xy:
                self.drawBlock(self.getgenmByPos(*genm_selected_xy).rect)
            if add_score:
                if add_score_showtimes == 10:
                    random.choice(self.sounds['match']).play()
                self.drawAddScore(add_score)
                add_score_showtimes -= 1
                if add_score_showtimes < 1:
                    add_score_showtimes = 10
                    add_score = 0
            self.remaining_time -= (int(time.time()) - time_pre)
            time_pre = int(time.time())
            self.showRemainingTime()
            self.drawScore()
            if self.remaining_time <= 0:
                return self.score
            pygame.display.update()
            clock.tick(self.cfg.FPS)
    '''初始化'''
    def reset(self):
        # 随机生成各个块(即初始化游戏地图各个元素)
        while True:
            self.all_genms = []
            self.genms_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
            for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                self.all_genms.append([])
                for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                    genm = genmSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.genm_imgs), size=(self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE), position=[self.cfg.XMARGIN+x*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.YMARGIN+y*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE-self.cfg.NUMGRID*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE], downlen=self.cfg.NUMGRID*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE)
                    self.all_genms[x].append(genm)
                    self.genms_group.add(genm)
            if self.isMatch()[0] == 0:
                break
        # 得分
        self.score = 0
        # 拼出一个的奖励
        self.reward = 10
        # 时间
        self.remaining_time = 300
    '''显示剩余时间'''
    def showRemainingTime(self):
        remaining_time_render = self.font.render('CountDown: %ss' % str(self.remaining_time), 1, (85, 65, 0))
        rect = remaining_time_render.get_rect()
        rect.left, rect.top = (self.cfg.SCREENSIZE[0]-201, 6)
        self.screen.blit(remaining_time_render, rect)
    '''显示得分'''
    def drawScore(self):
        score_render = self.font.render('SCORE:'+str(self.score), 1, (85, 65, 0))
        rect = score_render.get_rect()
        rect.left, rect.top = (10, 6)
        self.screen.blit(score_render, rect)
    '''显示加分'''
    def drawAddScore(self, add_score):
        score_render = self.font.render('+'+str(add_score), 1, (255, 100, 100))
        rect = score_render.get_rect()
        rect.left, rect.top = (250, 250)
        self.screen.blit(score_render, rect)
    '''生成新的拼图块'''
    def generateNewgenms(self, res_match):
        if res_match[0] == 1:
            start = res_match[2]
            while start > -2:
                for each in [res_match[1], res_match[1]+1, res_match[1]+2]:
                    genm = self.getgenmByPos(*[each, start])
                    if start == res_match[2]:
                        self.genms_group.remove(genm)
                        self.all_genms[each][start] = None
                    elif start >= 0:
                        genm.target_y += self.cfg.GRIDSIZE
                        genm.fixed = False
                        genm.direction = 'down'
                        self.all_genms[each][start+1] = genm
                    else:
                        genm = genmSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.genm_imgs), size=(self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE), position=[self.cfg.XMARGIN+each*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.YMARGIN-self.cfg.GRIDSIZE], downlen=self.cfg.GRIDSIZE)
                        self.genms_group.add(genm)
                        self.all_genms[each][start+1] = genm
                start -= 1
        elif res_match[0] == 2:
            start = res_match[2]
            while start > -4:
                if start == res_match[2]:
                    for each in range(0, 3):
                        genm = self.getgenmByPos(*[res_match[1], start+each])
                        self.genms_group.remove(genm)
                        self.all_genms[res_match[1]][start+each] = None
                elif start >= 0:
                    genm = self.getgenmByPos(*[res_match[1], start])
                    genm.target_y += self.cfg.GRIDSIZE * 3
                    genm.fixed = False
                    genm.direction = 'down'
                    self.all_genms[res_match[1]][start+3] = genm
                else:
                    genm = genmSprite(img_path=random.choice(self.genm_imgs), size=(self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE), position=[self.cfg.XMARGIN+res_match[1]*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.YMARGIN+start*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE], downlen=self.cfg.GRIDSIZE*3)
                    self.genms_group.add(genm)
                    self.all_genms[res_match[1]][start+3] = genm
                start -= 1
    '''移除匹配的genm'''
    def removeMatched(self, res_match):
        if res_match[0] > 0:
            self.generateNewgenms(res_match)
            self.score += self.reward
            return self.reward
        return 0
    '''游戏界面的网格绘制'''
    def drawGrids(self):
        for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
            for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                rect = pygame.Rect((self.cfg.XMARGIN+x*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.YMARGIN+y*self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE, self.cfg.GRIDSIZE))
                self.drawBlock(rect, color=(0, 0, 255), size=1)
    '''画矩形block框'''
    def drawBlock(self, block, color=(255, 0, 255), size=4):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, color, block, size)
    '''下落特效'''
    def dropgenms(self, x, y):
        if not self.getgenmByPos(x, y).fixed:
            self.getgenmByPos(x, y).move()
        if x < self.cfg.NUMGRID - 1:
            x += 1
            return self.dropgenms(x, y)
        elif y < self.cfg.NUMGRID - 1:
            x = 0
            y += 1
            return self.dropgenms(x, y)
        else:
            return self.isFull()
    '''是否每个位置都有拼图块了'''
    def isFull(self):
        for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
            for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                if not self.getgenmByPos(x, y).fixed:
                    return False
        return True
    '''检查有无拼图块被选中'''
    def checkSelected(self, position):
        for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
            for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                if self.getgenmByPos(x, y).rect.collidepoint(*position):
                    return [x, y]
        return None
    '''是否有连续一样的三个块(无--返回0/水平--返回1/竖直--返回2)'''
    def isMatch(self):
        for x in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
            for y in range(self.cfg.NUMGRID):
                if x + 2 < self.cfg.NUMGRID:
                    if self.getgenmByPos(x, y).type == self.getgenmByPos(x+1, y).type == self.getgenmByPos(x+2, y).type:
                        return [1, x, y]
                if y + 2 < self.cfg.NUMGRID:
                    if self.getgenmByPos(x, y).type == self.getgenmByPos(x, y+1).type == self.getgenmByPos(x, y+2).type:
                        return [2, x, y]
        return [0, x, y]
    '''根据坐标获取对应位置的拼图对象'''
    def getgenmByPos(self, x, y):
        return self.all_genms[x][y]
    '''交换拼图'''
    def swapgenm(self, genm1_pos, genm2_pos):
        margin = genm1_pos[0] - genm2_pos[0] + genm1_pos[1] - genm2_pos[1]
        if abs(margin) != 1:
            return False
        genm1 = self.getgenmByPos(*genm1_pos)
        genm2 = self.getgenmByPos(*genm2_pos)
        if genm1_pos[0] - genm2_pos[0] == 1:
            genm1.direction = 'left'
            genm2.direction = 'right'
        elif genm1_pos[0] - genm2_pos[0] == -1:
            genm2.direction = 'left'
            genm1.direction = 'right'
        elif genm1_pos[1] - genm2_pos[1] == 1:
            genm1.direction = 'up'
            genm2.direction = 'down'
        elif genm1_pos[1] - genm2_pos[1] == -1:
            genm2.direction = 'up'
            genm1.direction = 'down'
        genm1.target_x = genm2.rect.left
        genm1.target_y = genm2.rect.top
        genm1.fixed = False
        genm2.target_x = genm1.rect.left
        genm2.target_y = genm1.rect.top
        genm2.fixed = False
        self.all_genms[genm2_pos[0]][genm2_pos[1]] = genm1
        self.all_genms[genm1_pos[0]][genm1_pos[1]] = genm2
        return True
    '''info'''
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.info

5、资源相关

包括游戏背景音频、图片和字体设计

resource

audios：加载游戏背景音乐

font：记分牌相关字体

imags：这个是关键了哦。如果这个加载不了，

我们的消消乐就啥都没得了

6、启动主程序

xxl.py

在主程序中，通过读取配置文件，引入项目资源：包括图片、音频等，并从我们的modules里引入所有我们的模块。

'''
Function:
    消消乐小游戏
Author:
    Lex
微信公众号:
    hacklex
'''
import os
import sys
import cfg
import pygame
from modules import *


'''游戏主程序'''
def main():
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(cfg.SCREENSIZE)
    pygame.display.set_caption('Gemgem —— hacklex')
    # 加载背景音乐
    pygame.mixer.init()
    pygame.mixer.music.load(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, "resources/audios/bg.mp3"))
    pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.6)
    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
    # 加载音效
    sounds = 
    sounds['mismatch'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, 'resources/audios/badswap.wav'))
    sounds['match'] = []
    for i in range(6):
        sounds['match'].append(pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, 'resources/audios/match%s.wav' % i)))
    # 加载字体
    font = pygame.font.Font(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, 'resources/font/font.TTF'), 25)
    # 图片加载
    gem_imgs = []
    for i in range(1, 8):
        gem_imgs.append(os.path.join(cfg.ROOTDIR, 'resources/images/gem%s.png' % i))
    # 主循环
    game = gemGame(screen, sounds, font, gem_imgs, cfg)
    while True:
        score = game.start()
        flag = False
        # 一轮游戏结束后玩家选择重玩或者退出
        while True:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT or (event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE):
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_r:
                    flag = True
            if flag:
                break
            screen.fill((135, 206, 235))
            txt0 = 'Final score: %s' % score
            txt1 = 'Press <R> to restart the game.'
            txt2 = 'Press <Esc> to quit the game.'
            y = 150
            for idx, txt in enumerate([txt0, txt1, txt2]):
                txt_render = font.render(txt, 1, (85, 65, 0))
                rect = txt_render.get_rect()
                if idx == 0:
                    rect.left, rect.top = (212, y)
                elif idx == 1:
                    rect.left, rect.top = (122.5, y)
                else:
                    rect.left, rect.top = (126.5, y)
                y += 100
                screen.blit(txt_render, rect)
            pygame.display.update()
        game.reset()


'''run'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()