43.apache虚拟主机的使用

Posted 2020-09-27

apache虚拟主机的使用

虚拟主机技术是使用一台服务器实现发布多个网站的技术。

实现一台服务器多个网站的方法有：基于网卡，基于端口，基于域名。

基于网卡：一台主机添加多块网卡，就相当于有多个IP

基于端口：一台主机通过同一个IP不同的端口

基于域名：一台主机通过同一个IP同一个端口不通的域名

Rpm版apache文件路径：

配置文件路径：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

网站根文件路径：/var/www/html/index.html

执行命令文件路径：/usr/sbin

日志文件路径：/var/log/httpd

源码版apache文件路径：

配置文件路径：/usr/local/apache/conf

网站根文件路径：/usr/local/apache/htdocs

执行命令文件路径：/usr/local/apache/bin

日志文件路径：/usr/local/apache/logs

Linux基于域名搭建虚拟主机实现不同网站发布步骤：

v 配置静态IP，关闭防火墙，注意apache的安装方式。

[[email protected] Desktop]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1

[[email protected] Desktop]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

[[email protected] Desktop]# iptables -F

[[email protected] Desktop]# service iptables save

[[email protected] Desktop]# setenforce 0

[[email protected] Desktop]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

[[email protected] Desktop]# service httpd status

v 配置DNS，使用linux搭建bind服务器。

[[email protected] /]# rpm -ivh /media/RHEL_6.4\ x86_64\ Disc\ 1/Packages/bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] etc]# vim /etc/named.conf

修改参数：

options {

        listen-on port 53 { any; };

        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };

        directory       "/var/named";

        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

        allow-query     { any; };

zone "." IN {

        type hint;

        file "named.ca";

};

zone "a.com" IN {

        type master;

        file "a.zone";

};

zone "b.com" IN {

        type master;

        file "b.zone";

};

[[email protected] named]# cp /var/named/named.empty  a.zone

[[email protected] named]# vim a.zone

添加参数：www     A       192.168.1.1

[[email protected] named]# chown named.named a.zone

[[email protected] named]# cp a.zone b.zone

[[email protected] named]# service named restart

v 配置apache配置文件，打开vhost开关。

源码版：

[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

注释内容:

# Virtual hosts

Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

[[email protected] conf]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

修改参数：

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [email protected]

    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/a"

    ServerName www.a.com

    ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/error.log"

    CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/accesslog/access.log" common

</VirtualHost>

 

 

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin [email protected]

    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/b"

    ServerName www.b.com

    ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/error.log"

    CustomLog "/usr/local/apache/accesslog/access.log" common

</VirtualHost>

v 创建相关文件夹和文件

[[email protected] apache]# mkdir accesslog

[[email protected] apache]# mkdir accesslog

[[email protected] apache]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/a

[[email protected] apache]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/b

[[email protected] a]# echo jintiantianqibucuo > index.html

[[email protected] b]# echo mingtianhuigenghao >index.html

 

使用用户密码安全性登陆访问网页：

v 创建用户认证数据文件并创建一个用户：

[[email protected] Desktop]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache/conf/.passwd ren

注释：-c：表示创建一个数据文件，没有改选项则是添加一个用户

v 添加用户授权配置：

[[email protected] Desktop]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

添加参数：

<directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/a">

 authname "ren"

 authtype basic

 authuserfile /usr/local/apache/conf/.passwd

 require valid-user

</directory>