linux-openssl
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openssl组件:
openssl: 多用途命令行工具,各功能分别使用子命令实现
libcrypto: 公共加密库
libssl: ssl协议的实现
PKI:Public Key Infrastructure
签证机构:CA
注册机构:RA
证书吊销列表:CRL
证书存取库:
openssl建立私有CA:
1、生成密钥 2、自签署证书 节点: 1、生成密钥对儿 2、生成证书签署请求 3、把请求发送给CA CA: 1、验正请求者信息;RA 2、签署证书; 3、把签好的证书发送给请求者;
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf #openssl配置文件/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf # # OpenSSL example configuration file. # This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests. # # This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn‘t # defined. HOME = . RANDFILE = $ENV::HOME/.rnd #生成器随机数保存文件 # Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info: #oid_file = $ENV::HOME/.oid oid_section = new_oids # To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the # "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the # X.509v3 extensions to use: # extensions = # (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only # X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.) [ new_oids ] # We can add new OIDs in here for use by ‘ca‘, ‘req‘ and ‘ts‘. # Add a simple OID like this: # testoid1=1.2.3.4 # Or use config file substitution like this: # testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6 # Policies used by the TSA examples. tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1 tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6 tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7 #################################################################### [ ca ] default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section #默认CA配置 #################################################################### [ CA_default ] dir = /etc/pki/CA # Where everything is kept #CA目录 certs = $dir/certs # Where the issued certs are kept #已签证书存放目录 crl_dir = $dir/crl # Where the issued crl are kept #吊销证书列表存放目录 database = $dir/index.txt # database index file. #数据库索引文件 #unique_subject = no # Set to ‘no‘ to allow creation of #证书信息 # several ctificates with same subject. new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # default place for new certs. #新签证书存放目录 certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA certificate #CA证书 serial = $dir/serial # The current serial number #序列号 crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber # the current crl number # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL crl = $dir/crl.pem # The current CRL #正在使用的吊销证书列表 private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key #CA的私钥 RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand # private random number file x509_extensions = usr_cert # The extentions to add to the cert # Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional" # (and highly broken) format. name_opt = ca_default # Subject Name options cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate field options # Extension copying option: use with caution. # copy_extensions = copy # Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs # so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL. # crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL. # crl_extensions = crl_ext default_days = 365 # how long to certify for #证书的有效期限 default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL #吊销证书的有效期限 default_md = default # use public key default MD preserve = no # keep passed DN ordering # A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look # For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional # and supplied fields are just that :-) policy = policy_match # For the CA policy [ policy_match ] countryName = match stateOrProvinceName = match organizationName = match organizationalUnitName = optional commonName = supplied emailAddress = optional # For the ‘anything‘ policy # At this point in time, you must list all acceptable ‘object‘ # types. [ policy_anything ] countryName = optional stateOrProvinceName = optional localityName = optional organizationName = optional organizationalUnitName = optional commonName = supplied emailAddress = optional #################################################################### [ req ] default_bits = 2048 default_md = sha1 default_keyfile = privkey.pem distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name attributes = req_attributes x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert # Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for # input_password = secret # output_password = secret # This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options. # default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString. # pkix : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004) # utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004). # nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings). # MASK:XXXX a literal mask value. # WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings. string_mask = utf8only # req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request [ req_distinguished_name ] countryName = Country Name (2 letter code) countryName_default = XX countryName_min = 2 countryName_max = 2 stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name) #stateOrProvinceName_default = Default Province localityName = Locality Name (eg, city) localityName_default = Default City 0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company) 0.organizationName_default = Default Company Ltd # we can do this but it is not needed normally :-) #1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company) #1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) #organizationalUnitName_default = commonName = Common Name (eg, your name or your server\‘s hostname) commonName_max = 64 emailAddress = Email Address emailAddress_max = 64 # SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3 [ req_attributes ] challengePassword = A challenge password challengePassword_min = 4 challengePassword_max = 20 unstructuredName = An optional company name [ usr_cert ] # These extensions are added when ‘ca‘ signs a request. # This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software # requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA. basicConstraints=CA:FALSE # Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted # the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing. # This is OK for an SSL server. # nsCertType = server # For an object signing certificate this would be used. # nsCertType = objsign # For normal client use this is typical # nsCertType = client, email # and for everything including object signing: # nsCertType = client, email, objsign # This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate. # keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment # This will be displayed in Netscape‘s comment listbox. nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate" # PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates. subjectKeyIdentifier=hash authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer # This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname. # Import the email address. # subjectAltName=email:copy # An alternative to produce certificates that aren‘t # deprecated according to PKIX. # subjectAltName=email:move # Copy subject details # issuerAltName=issuer:copy #nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem #nsBaseUrl #nsRevocationUrl #nsRenewalUrl #nsCaPolicyUrl #nsSslServerName # This is required for TSA certificates. # extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping [ v3_req ] # Extensions to add to a certificate request basicConstraints = CA:FALSE keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment [ v3_ca ] # Extensions for a typical CA # PKIX recommendation. subjectKeyIdentifier=hash authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer # This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical # extensions. #basicConstraints = critical,CA:true # So we do this instead. basicConstraints = CA:true # Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will # prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best # left out by default. # keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign # Some might want this also # nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA # Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation # subjectAltName=email:copy # Copy issuer details # issuerAltName=issuer:copy # DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only! # obj=DER:02:03 # Where ‘obj‘ is a standard or added object # You can even override a supported extension: # basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF [ crl_ext ] # CRL extensions. # Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL. # issuerAltName=issuer:copy authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always [ proxy_cert_ext ] # These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate # This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software # requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA. basicConstraints=CA:FALSE # Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted # the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing. # This is OK for an SSL server. # nsCertType = server # For an object signing certificate this would be used. # nsCertType = objsign # For normal client use this is typical # nsCertType = client, email # and for everything including object signing: # nsCertType = client, email, objsign # This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate. # keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment # This will be displayed in Netscape‘s comment listbox. nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate" # PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates. subjectKeyIdentifier=hash authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer # This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname. # Import the email address. # subjectAltName=email:copy # An alternative to produce certificates that aren‘t # deprecated according to PKIX. # subjectAltName=email:move # Copy subject details # issuerAltName=issuer:copy #nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem #nsBaseUrl #nsRevocationUrl #nsRenewalUrl #nsCaPolicyUrl #nsSslServerName # This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate. proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo #################################################################### [ tsa ] default_tsa = tsa_config1 # the default TSA section [ tsa_config1 ] # These are used by the TSA reply generation only. dir = ./demoCA # TSA root directory serial = $dir/tsaserial # The current serial number (mandatory) crypto_device = builtin # OpenSSL engine to use for signing signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem # The TSA signing certificate # (optional) certs = $dir/cacert.pem # Certificate chain to include in reply # (optional) signer_key = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional) default_policy = tsa_policy1 # Policy if request did not specify it # (optional) other_policies = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3 # acceptable policies (optional) digests = md5, sha1 # Acceptable message digests (mandatory) accuracy = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100 # (optional) clock_precision_digits = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional) ordering = yes # Is ordering defined for timestamps? # (optional, default: no) tsa_name = yes # Must the TSA name be included in the reply? # (optional, default: no) ess_cert_id_chain = no # Must the ESS cert id chain be included? # (optional, default: no) [[email protected] ~]#
自签证书
一、建立CA服务器: # 1、初始化工作环境 # touch /etc/pki/CA/{index.txt,serial} # echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial [[email protected] ssl]# cd /etc/pki/ [[email protected] pki]# ls CA ca-trust java nssdb rpm-gpg rsyslog tls [[email protected] pki]# cd CA/ [[email protected] CA]# touch index.txt [[email protected] CA]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 certs drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 crl -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 9 12:58 index.txt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 newcerts drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 private [[email protected] CA]# echo 01 > serial [[email protected] CA]# ll total 20 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 certs drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 crl -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 9 12:58 index.txt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 newcerts drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Oct 15 2014 private -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3 Jul 9 12:58 serial # 2、生成密钥 # (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 2048) [[email protected] CA]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048) Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ...................................................+++ ............................................................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [[email protected] CA]# ls private/ cakey.pem [[email protected] CA]# cat private/cakey.pem -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEA1bZFGHP+9o0mntc6ActIvSKwZMdSH/axlPHtk1S61FwGMBh0 vc0eUhm0AbFi+ftrOhvVKWPPy6Lv1A6z/fwMwOW/318PMimyKDE0K6UxNF/sfDHC y6u68e4syUu6X4MKzPgy2plIjV+1iLvbWjwwDstkRXH93s9gBvihMnu5R0KL4Usp rLF54ZyZigy0ADxBdL3fObljM0KPRxrd5B0foLkEnm8vb1CUyPhgMIdh3PFsFKA3 3hUDQg4JpUilSRO3T/yt5zaJFZVwirYwHQsPwVhKGGxxB+6N2wcRV59lziMRx9v/ u5NmyfJnn21xLWzyMeoi6tZBXW93jLkvsyR3JQIDAQABAoIBAQCaEp4d0wKtnXWK boBTass2EBw7i7eZc7DzQLeW0C8hinarlfYUIB0L85vi3JAOyUO00PwMqvjURtPA fhklsuE+8GQ0FcRO1eCrOU3zaVTf/Yfwwa8+RsCwSpXfSclDsqXGv+lpz7ios8Gc olKx61J6WAgiSNxOFhOU8wrD6o7Y37/DSDLcPDWdJd+YrgYBouLIwWD46w6aDr1N QjX1MkBs2qwdUHhb+ma4wiyhBCPkQMiaLsi0Y+ZpBjGwDUWKVtdvB8fNNME7ls/D nm+4NhVi9Tnt9DZP11+KtrSbEZcY4uuyUMdp8zA8ReW5OxxSChwSRL2Bx5sKdWUF nPmul7jBAoGBAO7IRp7R971sollb6WGel5poCvqw6EPvfcKydjgDC+My+TosxK8b zTy0rKL/d6isKQc+SDFYS9qpj6AbTvQVp7Y7JGSfAXyNpb8xs1C2lrI6RGYX0gWu 37JI339sGx636+EMKykSivV/leByG4cG7gVastEat4KIk3cSk4Y53GXnAoGBAOUf N2WjxKY2lYhm7w3PbuE+Q4cy1yZYgJ6n5CznhlNoJAtVKbvQ2qC1qs93XTLyVu6H 2RfuLkTfr5hRi3ocS3w8/L8RnDhlISHRFrT42FVqldupqWTS9XXe17sWvgCi8sQU kZOtIwBryoda6knJWrLG6efBAhFZwU2/DliHJQETAoGBAMgMbm38xyuh6donkL1C Wwz3gctJjy3rZVdKoJSIqNruB7NfcmCqUCY90Cy3Dw73PWBeI6mDqflF+ZhPiLQh uGKJ5hGOzXYGTgiCoRJMBrDG9Cr8Ze5w9eSt/OEKNyZjPHFM+pPsfxLykyR5NOrJ OXyu4gUh9wCbX8Bwhbv8mdOdAoGANI9Wq/BHmkGHSAUk7awaKX2ZDBizlk5TIxIs m8h43gVTz2235yfgH2HNT054iMli+9EaEg1He/E8XNrH/jkjb9qluEcX6S/5y8Il TVqQdfe/bOacv05NlL6MCpUK/SZkPmrhglkDYINZsHdAq7CPJ9fNrKZwDP7kAyvC 5LgL2xUCgYBrjlidSko0KiXFf29rTnbs6KuKvX931MKxSnGIbGN31ckYcjdk0cOC ituFk60AYQl+scj1ifF7ZACPDNqecKa0farSo/8UDH1VFhMGQneTMQz8Wqryn+xe z1WlwGBgCODXzTb/c930YW/3+T7N2PW7hCj7IG6kMs3Y5bJ9+Kdivg== -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- # 3、生成自签证书 # openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -days 7300 -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem req: 生成证书签署请求 -news: 新请求 -key /path/to/keyfile: 指定私钥文件 -out /path/to/somefile: -x509: 生成自签署证书 -days n: 有效天数 [[email protected] CA]# whatis req #从私钥中提取公钥 req (1ssl) - PKCS#10 certificate request and certificate generating utility [[email protected] CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -days 7300 -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:ICBC Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:wl2 Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []:www.icbc.com.cn Email Address []:[email protected] [[email protected] CA]#
二、节点申请证书: (一) 节点生成请求 1、生成密钥对儿 # (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key 2048) 2、生成证书签署请求 # openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr 3、把签署请求文件发送给CA服务 # scp (二) CA签署证书 1、验正证书中的信息; 2、签署证书 # openssl ca -in /path/to/somefile.csr -out /path/to/somefile.crt -days N 3、发送给请求者; 三、吊销证书 (一)节点 1、获取证书serial # openssl x509 -in /path/to/certificate_file.crt -noout -serial -subject (二) CA 2、根据节点提交的serial和subject信息来验正与index.txt文件中的信息是否一致; 3、吊销证书 # openssl ca -revoke /etc/pki/CA/newcerts/SERIAL.pem 4、生成吊销证书的编号(如果是第一次吊销) # echo 00 > /etc/pki/CA/crlnumber 5、更新证书吊销列表 # cd /etc/pki/CA/crl/ # openssl ca -gencrl -out thisca.crl 如果需要,查看crl文件的内容: # openssl crl -in /path/to/crlfile.crl -noout -text
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