redis源码学习快速列表 quicklist

Posted 2022-01-13 看，未来

文章目录

• • 关于quicklist
  • 无损压缩算法
  • 核心数据结构

关于quicklist

上一篇学习了ziplist，是一种很紧凑的列表。但是在中间删除的效率真的是不敢恭维。然后我也写了点自己的想法，不过倒是没有想到deque。deque是STL中的一种数据结构，不过似乎在STL中不如其他几个数据结构大众化。在nginx的节点设计中这种deque模式可是大放异彩。

说了这么多，如果对STL了解稍多或者看过nginx源码就应该能猜到这个quicklist是什么了吧。

一整块的 ziplist 增删（非尾）效率不高，那把完整的一块拆成几块，那可不就是提高效率了嘛。

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提几个比较有意思的创新点子，以前没有接触过。咱就是说，好东西咱是不会落下的嘛。

无损压缩算法

当链表很长的时候，中间节点数据访问频率比较低，这时redis会将中间节点进行压缩，进一步节省内存空间。
采用无损压缩算法：LZF算法。

/* quicklistLZF is a 4+N byte struct holding 'sz' followed by 'compressed'.
 * 'sz' is byte length of 'compressed' field.
 * 'compressed' is LZF data with total (compressed) length 'sz'
 * NOTE: uncompressed length is stored in quicklistNode->sz.
 * When quicklistNode->zl is compressed, node->zl points to a quicklistLZF */
typedef struct quicklistLZF 
    unsigned int sz; /* LZF size in bytes*/
    char compressed[];
 quicklistLZF;

sz：压缩后的ziplist大小
compressed：存放压缩后的ziplist字节数组

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核心数据结构

/* quicklist is a 40 byte struct (on 64-bit systems) describing a quicklist.
 * 'count' is the number of total entries.
 * 'len' is the number of quicklist nodes.
 * 'compress' is: -1 if compression disabled, otherwise it's the number
 *                of quicklistNodes to leave uncompressed at ends of quicklist.
 * 'fill' is the user-requested (or default) fill factor.
 * 'bookmakrs are an optional feature that is used by realloc this struct,
 *      so that they don't consume memory when not used. */
typedef struct quicklist 
    quicklistNode *head;
    quicklistNode *tail;
    unsigned long count;        /* total count of all entries in all ziplists */
    unsigned long len;          /* number of quicklistNodes */
    int fill : QL_FILL_BITS;              /* fill factor for individual nodes */
    unsigned int compress : QL_COMP_BITS; /* depth of end nodes not to compress;0=off */
    unsigned int bookmark_count: QL_BM_BITS;
    quicklistBookmark bookmarks[];
 quicklist;

当fill大于0时，表示每个ziplist最多能有多少个节点；当fill小于0时：
-1：ziplist节点最大4KB
-2：最大8KB
-3：16KB
-4：32
-5：64
可通过配置文件修改

compress：两端各有这么多个数据不压缩。我去找张图来。

这就是compress=2的情况。

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再看一下单个节点的情况：

/* Node, quicklist, and Iterator are the only data structures used currently. */

/* quicklistNode is a 32 byte struct describing a ziplist for a quicklist.
 * We use bit fields keep the quicklistNode at 32 bytes.
 * count: 16 bits, max 65536 (max zl bytes is 65k, so max count actually < 32k).
 * encoding: 2 bits, RAW=1, LZF=2.
 * container: 2 bits, NONE=1, ZIPLIST=2.
 * recompress: 1 bit, bool, true if node is temporarry decompressed for usage.
 * attempted_compress: 1 bit, boolean, used for verifying during testing.
 * extra: 10 bits, free for future use; pads out the remainder of 32 bits */
typedef struct quicklistNode 
    struct quicklistNode *prev;
    struct quicklistNode *next;
    unsigned char *zl;		//指向对应的ziplist
    unsigned int sz;             /* ziplist size in bytes */
    unsigned int count : 16;     /* count of items in ziplist */
    unsigned int encoding : 2;   /* RAW==1 or LZF==2 */
    unsigned int container : 2;  /* NONE==1 or ZIPLIST==2 */
    unsigned int recompress : 1; /* was this node previous compressed? */	//若是，使用前需要解压缩，用完再压回去
    unsigned int attempted_compress : 1; /* node can't compress; too small */	//测试时使用
    unsigned int extra : 10; /* more bits to steal for future usage */	//预留
 quicklistNode;

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在quicklist使用ziplist时，给了如下的结构体来承载：

typedef struct quicklistEntry 
    const quicklist *quicklist;	//指向当前quicklist
    quicklistNode *node;	
    unsigned char *zi;	//指向当前ziplist
    unsigned char *value;	//该节点字符串内容
    long long longval;	//该节点整形值
    unsigned int sz;	//节点大小
    int offset;	//该节点相对于整个ziplist的偏移量（该节点是整块儿ziplist里的第几个entry）
 quicklistEntry;

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迭代器少不了吧：

typedef struct quicklistIter 
    const quicklist *quicklist;
    quicklistNode *current;
    unsigned char *zi;
    long offset; /* offset in current ziplist */
    int direction;	//迭代器方向
 quicklistIter;

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关于这个压缩和解压算法我就不贴出来了。位于lzf_c.c 和 lzf_d.c，有兴趣的朋友可以自己去看。
讲真，我看不懂。