安卓通讯开发——蓝牙的开启，搜索与传输
Posted I_wen.
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蓝牙信息传输的关键步骤
1.首先开启蓝牙
2.搜索可用设备
3.创建蓝牙socket，获取输入输出流
4.读取和写入数据
5.断开连接关闭蓝牙
蓝牙设备操作
权限
要在应用中使用蓝牙功能，必须声明蓝牙权限 BLUETOOTH。您需要此权限才能执行任何蓝牙通信，例如请求连接、接受连接和传输数据等。
如果您希望您的应用启动设备发现或操作蓝牙设置，则还必须声明 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 权限。 大多数应用需要此权限仅仅为了能够发现本地蓝牙设备。 除非该应用是将要应用户请求修改蓝牙设置的“超级管理员”，否则不应使用此权限所授予的其他能力。 注：如果要使用 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 权限，则还必须拥有 BLUETOOTH 权限。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/>
打开操作
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null)
// Device does not support Bluetooth
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
关闭操作
BluetoothAdapter _bluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
_bluetooth.disable ():
搜索操作
BluetoothAdapter _bluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
_bluetooth.startDiscovery();
UUID
蓝牙设备进行连接，需要一个唯一的UUID，在本案例中填写为6ee26c8e-a2ab-4291-adf3-8a679123616b，需要保证两个设备是相同的。
客户端与服务端
客户端
public class Client extends AppCompatActivity
private static final int CONN_SUCCESS = 0x1;
private static final int CONN_FAIL = 0x2;
private static final int RECEIVER_INFO = 0x3;
private static final int SET_EDITTEXT_NULL = 0x4;
private static Button send;
private static TextView client_state;
private static EditText client_send;
BluetoothAdapter bluetooth = null;//本地蓝牙设备
BluetoothDevice device = null;//远程蓝牙设备
BluetoothSocket socket = null;//蓝牙设备Socket客户端
//输入输出流
PrintStream out;
BufferedReader in;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_client);
setTitle("蓝牙客户端");
client_state = findViewById(R.id.client_state);
client_send = findViewById(R.id.client_send);
send = findViewById(R.id.send);
init();
//创建蓝牙客户端端的Socket
private void init()
client_state.setText("客户端已启动，正在等待连接...\\n");
new Thread(new Runnable()
@Override
public void run()
//1.得到本地蓝牙设备的默认适配器
bluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
//2.通过本地蓝牙设备得到远程蓝牙设备，把“输入服务器端的设备地址”换成另一台手机的mac地址
device = bluetooth.getRemoteDevice("02:00:00:00:00:00");
//3.根据UUID创建并返回一个BoluetoothSocket
try
socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("6ee26c8e-a2ab-4291-adf3-8a679123616b"));
if (socket != null)
// 连接
socket.connect();
//处理客户端输出流
out = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
handler.sendEmptyMessage(CONN_SUCCESS);
catch (IOException e)
e.printStackTrace();
Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(CONN_FAIL, e.getLocalizedMessage());
handler.sendMessage(msg);
).start();
//防止内存泄漏 正确的使用方法
private final MyHandler handler = new MyHandler(this);
public class MyHandler extends Handler
//软引用
WeakReference<Client> weakReference;
public MyHandler(Client activity)
weakReference = new WeakReference<Client>(activity);
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
super.handleMessage(msg);
Client activity = weakReference.get();
if (activity != null)
switch (msg.what)
case RECEIVER_INFO:
setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\\n");
break;
case SET_EDITTEXT_NULL:
client_send.setText("");
break;
case CONN_SUCCESS:
setInfo("连接成功！\\n");
send.setEnabled(true);
System.out.println("name" + device.getName());
System.out.println("Uuids" + device.getUuids());
System.out.println("Address" + device.getAddress());
new Thread(new ReceiverInfoThread()).start();
break;
case CONN_FAIL:
setInfo("连接失败！\\n");
setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\\n");
break;
default:
break;
private boolean isReceiver = true;
//接收信息的线程
class ReceiverInfoThread implements Runnable
@Override
public void run()
String info = null;
while (isReceiver)
try
System.out.println("--ReceiverInfoThread start --");
info = in.readLine();
System.out.println("--ReceiverInfoThread read --");
Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(RECEIVER_INFO, info);
handler.sendMessage(msg);
catch (IOException e)
e.printStackTrace();
public void send(View v)
final String content = client_send.getText().toString();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(content))
Toast.makeText(this, "不能发送空消息", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
new Thread(new Runnable()
@Override
public void run()
out.println(content);
out.flush();
handler.sendEmptyMessage(SET_EDITTEXT_NULL);
).start();
private void setInfo(String info)
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append(client_state.getText());
sb.append(info);
client_state.setText(sb);
activity_client.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".Client">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/client_text"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="客户端"
android:textSize="33sp"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/client_state"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="当前未执行任何操作"
android:textSize="22sp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/client_send"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/client_text" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/client_send"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:hint="请输入要发送的内容"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/send" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/send"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="send"
android:text="发送"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
服务端
public class Server extends AppCompatActivity
private static final int CONN_SUCCESS = 0x1;
private static final int CONN_FAIL = 0x2;
private static final int RECEIVER_INFO = 0x3;
private static final int SET_EDITTEXT_NULL = 0x4;
private static Button send;
private static TextView server_state;
private static EditText server_send;
BluetoothAdapter bluetooth = null;//本地蓝牙设备
BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket = null;//蓝牙设备Socket服务端
BluetoothSocket socket = null;//蓝牙设备Socket客户端
//输入输出流
PrintStream out;
BufferedReader in;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_server);
setTitle("蓝牙服务端");
server_state = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.server_state);
server_send = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.server_send);
send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
init();
//创建蓝牙服务器端的Socket
private void init()
server_state.setText("服务器已启动，正在等待连接...\\n");
new Thread(new Runnable()
@Override
public void run()
//1.得到本地设备
bluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
//2.创建蓝牙Socket服务器
try
serverSocket = bluetooth.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord("text", UUID.fromString("6ee26c8e-a2ab-4291-adf3-8a679123616b"));
//3.阻塞等待Socket客户端请求
socket = serverSocket.accept();
if (socket != null)
out = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
handler.sendEmptyMessage(CONN_SUCCESS);
catch (IOException e)
e.printStackTrace();
Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(CONN_FAIL, e.getLocalizedMessage());
handler.sendMessage(msg);
).start();
//防止内存泄漏 正确的使用方法
private final MyHandler handler = new MyHandler(this);
public class MyHandler extends Handler
//软引用
WeakReference<Server> weakReference;
public MyHandler(Server activity)
weakReference = new WeakReference<Server>(activity);
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
super.handleMessage(msg);
Server activity = weakReference.get();
if (activity != null)
switch (msg.what)
case RECEIVER_INFO:
setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\\n");
break;
case SET_EDITTEXT_NULL:
server_send.setText("");
break;
case CONN_SUCCESS:
setInfo("连接成功！\\n");
send.setEnabled(true);
new Thread(new ReceiverInfoThread()).start();
break;
case CONN_FAIL:
setInfo("连接失败！\\n");
setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\\n");
break;
default:
break;
private boolean isReceiver = true;
class ReceiverInfoThread implements Runnable
@Override
public void run()
String info = null;
while (isReceiver)
try
info Android 蓝牙设备通讯的开发(配对/连接/传输数据)