LeetCode235:Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree

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Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BST.

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

        _______6______
       /                  ___2__          ___8__
   /      \        /         0      _4       7       9
         /           3   5

For example, the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of nodes 2 and 8 is 6. Another example is LCA of nodes 2 and 4 is 2, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.

二叉搜索树的最低公共祖先节点。

因为二叉搜索树的特性,即不论什么一个节点的左子树中的节点值都比该节点值小。不论什么一个节点的右子树中的节点值都比该节点值大。能够依据这个特性在二叉树中查找。

对于给定的两个节点指针p和q,先调整p和q,使p指向值较小的那个节点。q指向值较大的那个节点;

然后从根节点node開始遍历,假设q的值小于node的值,表示p和q都在node的左子树中,更新node为node->left。

假设p的值大于node的值。表示p和q都在node的右子树中,更新node为node->right;

否则表示找到的这个节点就是p和q的最低公共祖先节点。

runtime:40ms

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
            if(root==NULL||p==NULL||q==NULL)
            return NULL;
            
            //使p保存值较小的节点。q保存值较大的节点
            if(p->val > q->val)
            {
                /*
                TreeNode *tmp=p;
                p=q;
                q=tmp;
                */
                //上面的代码能够直接写成以下的样子
                swap(p,q);
            }
            
            TreeNode *result=root;
            while(true)
            {
                if(q->val < result->val)
                    result=result->left;
                else if(p->val >result->val)
                    result=result->right;
                else
                    return result;
            }
    }
};






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