Python控制单片机 TPYBoard MicroPython v202链接DTH11 温湿度 mqtt上传数据，具体实现。

Posted 2021-12-19 Bryant James

TPYBoard MicroPython v202链接DTH11 mqtt上传数据，具体实现。手打不易，给物联网人点个赞吧

先看效果图与硬件连接示意图

DHT连接示意图

前端展示：

一共四个python文件，我用的是GPIO5，代码这么写
simple.py应该这么写，这个是通过socket连接mqtt的简易包

import usocket as socket
import ustruct as struct
from ubinascii import hexlify

class MQTTException(Exception):
    pass

class MQTTClient:

    def __init__(self, client_id, server, port=0, user=None, password=None, keepalive=0,
                 ssl=False, ssl_params=):
        if port == 0:
            port = 8883 if ssl else 1883
        self.client_id = client_id
        self.sock = None
        self.server = server
        self.port = port
        self.ssl = ssl
        self.ssl_params = ssl_params
        self.pid = 0
        self.cb = None
        self.user = user
        self.pswd = password
        self.keepalive = keepalive
        self.lw_topic = None
        self.lw_msg = None
        self.lw_qos = 0
        self.lw_retain = False

    def _send_str(self, s):
        self.sock.write(struct.pack("!H", len(s)))
        self.sock.write(s)

    def _recv_len(self):
        n = 0
        sh = 0
        while 1:
            b = self.sock.read(1)[0]
            n |= (b & 0x7f) << sh
            if not b & 0x80:
                return n
            sh += 7

    def set_callback(self, f):
        self.cb = f

    def set_last_will(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=0):
        assert 0 <= qos <= 2
        assert topic
        self.lw_topic = topic
        self.lw_msg = msg
        self.lw_qos = qos
        self.lw_retain = retain

    def connect(self, clean_session=True):
        self.sock = socket.socket()
        addr = socket.getaddrinfo(self.server, self.port)[0][-1]
        self.sock.connect(addr)
        if self.ssl:
            import ussl
            self.sock = ussl.wrap_socket(self.sock, **self.ssl_params)
        premsg = bytearray(b"\\x10\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0")
        msg = bytearray(b"\\x04MQTT\\x04\\x02\\0\\0")

        sz = 10 + 2 + len(self.client_id)
        msg[6] = clean_session << 1
        if self.user is not None:
            sz += 2 + len(self.user) + 2 + len(self.pswd)
            msg[6] |= 0xC0
        if self.keepalive:
            assert self.keepalive < 65536
            msg[7] |= self.keepalive >> 8
            msg[8] |= self.keepalive & 0x00FF
        if self.lw_topic:
            sz += 2 + len(self.lw_topic) + 2 + len(self.lw_msg)
            msg[6] |= 0x4 | (self.lw_qos & 0x1) << 3 | (self.lw_qos & 0x2) << 3
            msg[6] |= self.lw_retain << 5

        i = 1
        while sz > 0x7f:
            premsg[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80
            sz >>= 7
            i += 1
        premsg[i] = sz

        self.sock.write(premsg, i + 2)
        self.sock.write(msg)
        #print(hex(len(msg)), hexlify(msg, ":"))
        self._send_str(self.client_id)
        if self.lw_topic:
            self._send_str(self.lw_topic)
            self._send_str(self.lw_msg)
        if self.user is not None:
            self._send_str(self.user)
            self._send_str(self.pswd)
        #print("---------------------")
        #print(str(self.sock.read(1024)))
        resp = self.sock.read(4)
        assert resp[0] == 0x20 and resp[1] == 0x02
        if resp[3] != 0:
            raise MQTTException(resp[3])
        return resp[2] & 1

    def disconnect(self):
        self.sock.write(b"\\xe0\\0")
        self.sock.close()

    def ping(self):
        self.sock.write(b"\\xc0\\0")

    def publish(self, topic, msg, retain=False, qos=1):
        pkt = bytearray(b"\\x30\\0\\0\\0")
        pkt[0] |= qos << 1 | retain
        sz = 2 + len(topic) + len(msg)
        if qos > 0:
            sz += 2
        assert sz < 2097152
        i = 1
        while sz > 0x7f:
            pkt[i] = (sz & 0x7f) | 0x80
            sz >>= 7
            i += 1
        pkt[i] = sz
        #print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
        self.sock.write(pkt, i + 1)
        self._send_str(topic)
        if qos > 0:
            self.pid += 1
            pid = self.pid
            struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 0, pid)
            self.sock.write(pkt, 2)
        self.sock.write(msg)
        if qos == 1:
            while 1:
                op = self.wait_msg()
                if op == 0x40:
                    sz = self.sock.read(1)
                    assert sz == b"\\x02"
                    rcv_pid = self.sock.read(2)
                    rcv_pid = rcv_pid[0] << 8 | rcv_pid[1]
                    if pid == rcv_pid:
                        return
        elif qos == 2:
            assert 0

    def subscribe(self, topic, qos=0):
        assert self.cb is not None, "Subscribe callback is not set"
        pkt = bytearray(b"\\x82\\0\\0\\0")
        self.pid += 1
        struct.pack_into("!BH", pkt, 1, 2 + 2 + len(topic) + 1, self.pid)
        #print(hex(len(pkt)), hexlify(pkt, ":"))
        self.sock.write(pkt)
        self._send_str(topic)
        self.sock.write(qos.to_bytes(1, "little"))
        while 1:
            op = self.wait_msg()
            if op == 0x90:
                resp = self.sock.read(4)
                #print(resp)
                assert resp[1] == pkt[2] and resp[2] == pkt[3]
                if resp[3] == 0x80:
                    raise MQTTException(resp[3])
                return

    # Wait for a single incoming MQTT message and process it.
    # Subscribed messages are delivered to a callback previously
    # set by .set_callback() method. Other (internal) MQTT
    # messages processed internally.
    def wait_msg(self):
        res = self.sock.read(1)
        self.sock.setblocking(True)
        if res is None:
            return None
        if res == b"":
            raise OSError(-1)
        if res == b"\\xd0":  # PINGRESP
            sz = self.sock.read(1)[0]
            assert sz == 0
            return None
        op = res[0]
        if op & 0xf0 != 0x30:
            return op
        sz = self._recv_len()
        topic_len = self.sock.read(2)
        topic_len = (topic_len[0] << 8) | topic_len[1]
        topic = self.sock.read(topic_len)
        sz -= topic_len + 2
        if op & 6:
            pid = self.sock.read(2)
            pid = pid[0] << 8 | pid[1]
            sz -= 2
        msg = self.sock.read(sz)
        self.cb(topic, msg)
        if op & 6 == 2:
            pkt = bytearray(b"\\x40\\x02\\0\\0")
            struct.pack_into("!H", pkt, 2, pid)
            self.sock.write(pkt)
        elif op & 6 == 4:
            assert 0

    # Checks whether a pending message from server is available.
    # If not, returns immediately with None. Otherwise, does
    # the same processing as wait_msg.
    def check_msg(self):
        self.sock.setblocking(False)
        return self.wait_msg()

在boot.py应该这么写
这个是连接你的WiFi的，因为202带了一个8266的wifi芯片

def do_connect():
        import network
        sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
        ap_if = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
        if ap_if.active():
                ap_if.active(False)
        if not sta_if.isconnected():
                print('connecting to network...')
        sta_if.active(True)
        sta_if.connect('AshCloud', 'Passw0rd@1213|0412') #wifi的SSID和密码
        while not sta_if.isconnected():
                pass
        print('network config:', sta_if.ifconfig())
do_connect()
#gc.collect()

连接以及读取数据mqtt.py
server用你自己的，我是在阿里云搭建的。

from simple import MQTTClient
from machine import Pin
import dht
import machine
import micropython
import time#声明用到的类库，尤其是dht的类库
import json
#选择G4引脚
p2 = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)
p2.value(1)   
# MQTT服务器地址域名为：183.230.40.39,不变
SERVER = "youself server"
#设备ID
CLIENT_ID = "aa485f13cfberw3b0"
#这些都要根据你自己设置的改
TOPIC = b"status/online"
#产品ID
username='james'
#产品APIKey:
password='huaxinfeng520'
state = 0
#读取DTH11
d = dht.DHT11(machine.Pin(5))#声明用到类库中的函数，并设置参数
led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)

h='0'
t='0'

#要上报的数据点
z = 
'h':h,
't':t



def pubdata(data):
    j_d = json.dumps(data)
    
    j_l = len(j_d)
    arr = bytearray(j_l)
    arr[0:] = j_d.encode('UTF-8') # json数据
    return arr



def sub_cb(topic, msg):
    global state
    print((topic, msg))
    if msg == b"on":
            p2.value(1)
            state = 1
            print("1")
    elif msg == b"off":
            p2.value(0)
            state = 0
            print("0")
    elif msg == b"toggle":

            state = 1 - state
            p2.value(state)
           
def main(server=SERVER):
    
    
    print(json.dumps(z))

    #端口号为：1883
    c = MQTTClient(CLIENT_ID, server,1883,username,password)
    c.set_callback(sub_cb)
    c.connect()
    c.subscribe(TOPIC)
    print("Connected to %s, subscribed to %s topic" % (server, TOPIC))
    
    while 1:
        
        d.measure()#调用DHT类库中测量数据的函数
        temp_=str(d.temperature())#读取measure()函数中的温度数据
        hum_=str(d.humidity())#读取measure()函数中的湿度数据
        print('wendu:',temp_,'-shidu:',hum_)
        z['h']=hum_
        z['t']=temp_
        c.publish(topic=TOPIC,msg=pubdata(z))
        time.sleep(3)
    
    try:
        while 1:
            
            c.wait_msg()
    finally:
            c.disconnect()

最后就是在main.py调用

import mqtt
mqtt.main()

前端代码如果需要可以找我微信:huadaxiano1
前端主要是解析数据set进Echarts里面去

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