brownie部署与测试智能合约
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brownie是一种Python语言的开发与测试框架,它可以部署.sol、.py格式的智能合约。
- 完全支持Solidity和Vyper
- 通过pytest进行智能合约测试,包括基于跟踪的覆盖率评估
- 通过hypothesis进行基于属性和状态的测试
- 强大的调试工具,包括python风格的跟踪和自定义错误字符串
- 内置控制台,用于快速项目互动
- 支持ethPM软件包
下面,介绍brownie的安装、部署智能合约、测试智能合约。
1、准备环境
1.1 安装nodejs、python3
安装nodejs,请参考这篇文章的第1节
安装Python3,请参考这篇文章的第9节
1.2 安装brownie
这里选择brownie==1.12.3版本,进行安装
pip3 install eth-brownie==1.12.3
1.3 安装ganache-cli
npm install -g ganache-cli
2、创建工程browthree
2.1 创建文件与文件夹
a) 打开控制台终端,依次输入如下命令:
mkdir browthree
cd browthree
brownie init
touch brownie-config.yaml
touch .env
b) 填写brownie的配置文件:brownie-config.yaml
// brownthree/brownie-config.yaml
dependencies:
- OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts@3.4.0
compiler:
solc:
remappings:
- '@openzeppelin=OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts@3.4.0'
dotenv: .env
networks:
networks:
# any settings given here will replace the defaults
development:
host: http://127.0.0.1
gas_price: 0
persist: false
reverting_tx_gas_limit: 6721975
test_rpc:
cmd: ganache-cli
port: 8545
gas_limit: 6721975
accounts: 10
# set your Infura API token to the environment variable ${WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID}
mainnet:
host: https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/${WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID}
goerli:
host: https://goerli.infura.io/v3/${WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID}
kovan:
host: https://kovan.infura.io/v3/${WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID}
rinkeby:
host: https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/${WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID}
ropsten:
host: https://ropsten.infura.io/v3/${WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID}
classic:
host: https://www.ethercluster.com/etc
kotti:
host: https://www.ethercluster.com/kotti
wallets:
from_key: ${PRIVATE_KEY}
c) 填写环境变量文件: .env
// brownthree/.env
export WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID='59...b6'
export PRIVATE_KEY='85...84'
d) browthree工程的目录结构
2.2 编写智能合约
在browthree/contracts目录,创建一个智能合约文件: HelloERC20.sol
cd browthree/contracts
touch HelloERC20.sol
// HelloERC20.sol
pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.6.0;
interface tokenRecipient {
function receiveApproval(address _from, uint256 _value, address _token, bytes calldata _extraData) external;
}
contract HelloERC20 {
// Public variables of the token
string public name;
string public symbol;
uint8 public decimals = 18;
// 18 decimals is the strongly suggested default, avoid changing it
uint256 public totalSupply;
// This creates an array with all balances
mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public allowance;
// This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
// This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients
event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint256 _value);
// This notifies clients about the amount burnt
event Burn(address indexed from, uint256 value);
constructor(
uint256 initialSupply,
string memory tokenName,
string memory tokenSymbol
) public {
totalSupply = initialSupply * 10 ** uint256(decimals); // Update total supply with the decimal amount
balanceOf[msg.sender] = totalSupply; // Give the creator all initial tokens
name = tokenName; // Set the name for display purposes
symbol = tokenSymbol; // Set the symbol for display purposes
}
/**
* Internal transfer, only can be called by this contract
*/
function _transfer(address _from, address _to, uint _value) internal {
// Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
require(_to != address(0x0));
// Check if the sender has enough
require(balanceOf[_from] >= _value);
// Check for overflows
require(balanceOf[_to] + _value >= balanceOf[_to]);
// Save this for an assertion in the future
uint previousBalances = balanceOf[_from] + balanceOf[_to];
// Subtract from the sender
balanceOf[_from] -= _value;
// Add the same to the recipient
balanceOf[_to] += _value;
emit Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
// Asserts are used to use static analysis to find bugs in your code. They should never fail
assert(balanceOf[_from] + balanceOf[_to] == previousBalances);
}
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
_transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
return true;
}
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(_value <= allowance[_from][msg.sender]); // Check allowance
allowance[_from][msg.sender] -= _value;
_transfer(_from, _to, _value);
return true;
}
function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public
returns (bool success) {
allowance[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
return true;
}
function approveAndCall(address _spender, uint256 _value, bytes memory _extraData)
public
returns (bool success) {
tokenRecipient spender = tokenRecipient(_spender);
if (approve(_spender, _value)) {
spender.receiveApproval(msg.sender, _value, address(this), _extraData);
return true;
}
}
function burn(uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= _value); // Check if the sender has enough
balanceOf[msg.sender] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender
totalSupply -= _value; // Updates totalSupply
emit Burn(msg.sender, _value);
return true;
}
function burnFrom(address _from, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(balanceOf[_from] >= _value); // Check if the targeted balance is enough
require(_value <= allowance[_from][msg.sender]); // Check allowance
balanceOf[_from] -= _value; // Subtract from the targeted balance
allowance[_from][msg.sender] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender's allowance
totalSupply -= _value; // Update totalSupply
emit Burn(_from, _value);
return true;
}
}
2.3 编写测试脚本
在browthree/tests目录,创建一个测试脚本文件: 1_func_test.py
cd browthree/tests
touch 1_func_test.py
// 1_func_test.py
import pytest
from brownie import HelloERC20, accounts
@pytest.fixture
def token():
return accounts[0].deploy(HelloERC20, 1000,"AppleToken", "APT")
def test_transfer(token):
token.transfer(accounts[1], "100 ether", {'from': accounts[0]})
assert token.balanceOf(accounts[0]) == "900 ether"
def test_name(token):
assert token.name() == "AppleToken"
def test_symbol(token):
assert token.symbol() == "APT"
def test_totalSupply(token):
assert token.totalSupply() == "1000 ether"
def test_approve(token):
token.approve(accounts[1],"100 ether",{'from':accounts[0]})
assert token.allowance(accounts[0],accounts[1]) == "100 ether"
def test_burn(token):
token.burn("100 ether",{'from':accounts[0]})
print("addr=",token.address)
assert token.totalSupply() == "900 ether"
def test_transferFrom(token):
token.approve(accounts[1],"100 ether",{'from':accounts[0]})
token.transferFrom(accounts[0],accounts[1],"100 ether",{'from':accounts[1]})
assert token.balanceOf(accounts[1]) == "100 ether"
def test_burnFrom(token):
token.approve(accounts[1],"100 ether",{'from':accounts[0]})
token.burnFrom(accounts[0],"100 ether",{'from':accounts[1]})
assert token.totalSupply() == "900 ether"
2.4 编写部署脚本
在browthree/tests目录,创建一个部署脚本文件: 1_deploy_token.py
cd browthree/scripts
touch 1_deploy_token.py
// 1_deploy_token.py
import os
from brownie import accounts,HelloERC20
initial_supply = 1000000 # 1000000
token_name = "AppleToken"
token_symbol = "APT"
def get_account():
accAddr = accounts.add(os.getenv('PRIVATE_KEY'))
return accAddr
def main():
account = get_account()
print('account=',account)
erc20 = HelloERC20.deploy(
initial_supply, token_name, token_symbol, {"from": account}
)
2.5 进行部署与测试
a) 部署合约到Rinkeby
## 使能.env环境
source .env
## 部署到Rinkeby
brownie run scripts/1_deploy_token --network rinkeby
效果如下:
得到HelloERC20.sol的合约地址为: 0x7000A28DCF57883286bd568CCa4733baF91e62ef
b) 测试HelloERC20合约
- 先启动ganache-cli
在黑框框终端里,输入如下命令即可
ganache-cli
- 再运行测试脚本
brownie test tests/1_func_test.py
效果如下:
参考文献
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