app端自动化POM

Posted 李政杨

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POM 及 POM 设计原理 
POM(page object model)页面对象模型，主要应用于UI自动化测试框架的搭建，
主流设计模式之一，页面对象模型：结合面向对象编程思路：把项目的每个页面当做一个对象进行编程
POM 一般分为四层 
第一层：basepage层:描述每个页面相同的属性及行为
第二层：pageobject层(每个的独有特征及独有的行为)
第三层：testcase层(用例层，描述项目业务流程) 
第四层：testdata(数据层)
代码实现
非 po 模型 (模拟器 中 qq 登录 ) 
from appium import webdriver

caps = {}
caps["platformName"] = "android"
caps["deviceName"] = "127.0.0.1:62001"
caps["appPackage"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq"
caps["appActivity"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity"

driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
el1 = driver.find_element_by_id("com.tencent.mobileqq:id/btn_login")
el1.click()
el2 = driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("请输入QQ号码或手机或邮箱")
el2.send_keys("QQ账号")#输入自己的QQ账号
el3 = driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("密码 安全")
el3.send_keys("QQ密码")#输入QQ密码
el4 = driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("登 录")
el4.click()
el5 = driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("同意")
el5.click()
el6 = driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("登 录")
el6.click()

po模型操作

basepage(封装公共的属性和行为) 

class BasePages:
    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver
    # 元素定位
    def locator(self,*loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)
    # 清空
    def clear(self,*loc):
        self.locator(*loc).clear()
    # 输入
    def input(self,test,*loc):
        self.locator(*loc).send_keys(test)
    # 点击
    def click(self,*loc):
        self.locator(*loc).click()
    # 滑动(上下左右滑动)
    def swipe(self,start_x,start_y,end_x,end_y,duration=0):
        # 获取屏幕的尺寸
        window_size = self.driver.get_window_size()
        x = window_size["width"]
        y = window_size["height"]
        self.driver.swipe(start_x=x*start_x,
                          start_y=y*start_y,
                          end_x=x*end_x,
                          end_y=y*end_y,
                          duration=duration)

业务页代码

page_01.py(导航模块) 

from lzwifi.base.basepage import BasePages # 导入BasePages
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy

class DaoHangPage(BasePages):
    def __init__(self, driver):
        BasePages.__init__(self, driver)
    # 点击登录操作
    def click_login(self):
        self.click(MobileBy.ID, "com.tencent.mobileqq:id/btn_login")

page_02.py(登录模块) 

from lzwifi.base.basepage import BasePages
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy

class LoginPage(BasePages):
    def __init__(self, driver):
        BasePages.__init__(self, driver)
    # 清空账号框操作
    def clear_zh(self):
        self.clear(MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, "请输入QQ号码或手机或邮箱")
    # 输入QQ账号操作
    def input_zh(self, test):
        self.input(test, MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, "请输入QQ号码或手机或邮箱")
    # 清空密码框操作
    def clear_mm(self):
        self.clear(MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, "密码 安全")
    # 输入QQ密码操作
    def input_mm(self, test):
        self.input(test, MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, "密码 安全")
    # 点击登录操作
    def click_dl(self):
        self.click(MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, "登 录")
    # 同意条款
    def click_ty(self):
        self.click(MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, "同意")
    # 再次登录
    def click_rdl(self):
        self.click(MobileBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, "登 录")

单元测试模块

unittest实现

import unittest
import time
from appium import webdriver
from lzwifi.pages.page_01 import DaoHangPage
from lzwifi.pages.page_02 import LoginPage

class TestClass(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:
        caps = {}
        caps["platformName"] = "Android"
        caps["deviceName"] = "127.0.0.1:62001"
        caps["appPackage"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq"
        caps["appActivity"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity"
        cls.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)
        cls.driver.implicitly_wait(30)

    def test_01(self):
        dh = DaoHangPage(self.driver)
        dh.click_login()

    def test_02(self):
        dl = LoginPage(self.driver)
        dl.clear_zh()
        dl.input_zh("QQ账号") # 输入自己的QQ账号
        dl.clear_mm()
        dl.input_mm("QQ密码") # 输入自己的QQ密码
        dl.click_dl()
        dl.click_ty()
        dl.click_rdl()

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
        time.sleep(20)
        cls.driver.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

pytest 实现 (需要导入 pip install pytest)

import pytest
import time
from appium import webdriver
from lzwifi.pages.page_01 import DaoHangPage
from lzwifi.pages.page_02 import LoginPage

class TestClass():
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls) -> None:
        caps = {}
        caps["platformName"] = "Android"
        caps["deviceName"] = "127.0.0.1:62001"
        caps["appPackage"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq"
        caps["appActivity"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity"
        cls.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)
        cls.driver.implicitly_wait(30)

    def test_01(self):
        dh = DaoHangPage(self.driver)
        dh.click_login()

    def test_02(self):
        dl = LoginPage(self.driver)
        dl.clear_zh()
        dl.input_zh("QQ账号")
        dl.clear_mm()
        dl.input_mm("QQ密码")
        dl.click_dl()
        dl.click_ty()
        dl.click_rdl()

    @classmethod
    def teardown_class(cls) -> None:
        time.sleep(20)
        cls.driver.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

 引入yaml文件 

yaml文件：数据层次清晰，可以跨平台，支持多种语言使用(可以适用于别的app)
优化代码：提取basepage中的配置客户端数据（将配置的数据放在yaml中）
创建config.yaml
caps:
  platformName: Android
  deviceName: 127.0.0.1:62001
  appPackage: com.tencent.mobileqq
  appActivity: com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity
调用yaml文件，需要导入 pip install pyYAML 
import yaml,os

def readYaml(path):
    with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
        data = yaml.load(stream=file, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
        return data
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # os.path.dirname(__file__)当前文件的上一级目录
    # os.path.abspath(path)找到路径的绝对路径
    rootpath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
    dd = os.path.join(rootpath, "datademo\\config.yaml")
    print(dd)
    print(readYaml(dd))

 修改单元测试模块代码

import pytest
import time,os
from lzwifi.common.read_yaml import readYaml
from appium import webdriver
from lzwifi.pages.page_01 import DaoHangPage
from lzwifi.pages.page_02 import LoginPage

class TestClass():
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls) -> None:
        # caps = {}
        # caps["platformName"] = "Android"
        # caps["deviceName"] = "127.0.0.1:62001"
        # caps["appPackage"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq"
        # caps["appActivity"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity"
        rootpath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
        dd = os.path.join(rootpath, "datademo\\config.yaml")
        data = readYaml(dd)
        cls.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", data["caps"])
        cls.driver.implicitly_wait(30)

    def test_01(self):
        dh = DaoHangPage(self.driver)
        dh.click_login()

    def test_02(self):
        dl = LoginPage(self.driver)
        dl.clear_zh()
        dl.input_zh("QQ账号")
        dl.clear_mm()
        dl.input_mm("QQ密码")
        dl.click_dl()
        dl.click_ty()
        dl.click_rdl()

    @classmethod
    def teardown_class(cls) -> None:
        time.sleep(20)
        cls.driver.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()

数据驱动 

在 pytest 中使用 @pytest.mark.parametrize() 修饰器 
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("user,password", [("QQ账号", "QQ密码")])
    def test_02(self, user, password):
        dl = LoginPage(self.driver)
        dl.clear_zh()
        dl.input_zh(user)
        dl.clear_mm()
        dl.input_mm(password)
        dl.click_dl()
        dl.click_ty()
        dl.click_rdl()

生成测试报告

unittest实现(首先需要切换到unittest单元测试模块)

导入HTMLTestRunner.py

testhtml.py

import unittest
from lzwifi.datademo.htmlTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner # 导入HTMLTestRunner
from lzwifi.test.test_qq import TestClass # 导入单元测试类
class HtmlClass():
    def htmlMethod(self):
        suite = unittest.TestSuite()
        lists = ['test_01', 'test_02'] # 测试用例
        for i in lists:
            suite.addTest(TestClass(i))
                    # 测试报告生成路径
        with open("../unittesthtml.html", "wb") as f:
            HTMLTestRunner(
                stream=f,
                title="测试数据",
                description="测试一期",
                verbosity=2
            ).run(suite)
h = HtmlClass()
h.htmlMethod()
生成html测试报告

pytest实现(首先需要切换到pytest单元测试模块)

需要导入pip install pytest-html、pip install allure-pytest

修改单元测试模块代码

import pytest
import time,os,allure
from lzwifi.common.read_yaml import readYaml
from appium import webdriver
from lzwifi.pages.page_01 import DaoHangPage
from lzwifi.pages.page_02 import LoginPage

class TestClass():
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls) -> None:
        # caps = {}
        # caps["platformName"] = "Android"
        # caps["deviceName"] = "127.0.0.1:62001"
        # caps["appPackage"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq"
        # caps["appActivity"] = "com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity"
        rootpath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
        dd = os.path.join(rootpath, "datademo\\config.yaml")
        data = readYaml(dd)
        cls.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", data["caps"])
        cls.driver.implicitly_wait(30)

    def test_01(self):
        dh = DaoHangPage(self.driver)
        dh.click_login()

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("user,password", [("QQ账号", "QQ密码")])
    def test_02(self, user, password):
        dl = LoginPage(self.driver)
        dl.clear_zh()
        dl.input_zh(user)
        dl.clear_mm()
        dl.input_mm(password)
        dl.click_dl()
        dl.click_ty()
        dl.click_rdl()

    @classmethod
    def teardown_class(cls) -> None:
        time.sleep(20)
        cls.driver.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_qq.py'])
    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
    os.system(split)

生成html测试报告

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