HBase Shell基本操作 一万字
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环境准备
linux+java+zookeeper+hadoop+hbase
并启动相关进程
网上教程很多，这里不再赘述。
数据定义
与关系型数据库不同，在hbase中，基本组成为表，不存在多个数据库。因此，在hbase中存储数据要先创建表，创建表的同时需要设置列族的数量和属性。
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| create | 创建指定模式的新表 |
| alter | 修改表的结构，如添加新的列族 |
| describe | 展示表结构的信息，包括列族的数量与属性 |
| list | 列出hbase中已有的表 |
| disable/enable | 为了删除或更改表而禁用一个表，更改完后需要解禁表 |
| disable_all | 禁用所有的表，可以用正则表达式匹配 |
| is_disable | 判断一个表是否被禁用 |
| drop | 删除表 |
| truncate | 如果只想删除数据而不是表结构，则可用truncate来禁用表，删除表并自动重建表结构 |
创建表
确保以下命令执行结果是正确的
[root@xwk1 bin]# jps
3184 Jps
2210 NameNode
2567 ResourceManager
2409 SecondaryNameNode
2969 HMaster
3086 HRegionServer
2031 QuorumPeerMain
[root@xwk1 bin]# hbase shell
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/software/hbase-2.0.2/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/software/hadoop-2.8.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell
Use "help" to get list of supported commands.
Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell.
Version 2.0.2, r1cfab033e779df840d5612a85277f42a6a4e8172, Tue Aug 28 20:50:40 PDT 2018
Took 0.0025 seconds
hbase(main):001:0>
下面进行创建表的操作，并用list查看是否创建成功。其中student表是我之前做实验时留下的。现在我们创建的是Student表
hbase(main):001:0> create 'Student','StuInfo','Grades'
Created table Student
Took 3.7318 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - Student
hbase(main):002:0> list
TABLE
Student
student
2 row(s)
Took 0.1358 seconds
=> ["Student", "student"]
hbase(main):003:0>
这条命令创建了名为Student的表，表中包含两个列族，分别为StuInfo和Grades。在HBase Shell语法中，所有字符串参数都必须包含在单引号中，且区分大小写。比如student表和Student表是两个完全不同的表。
查看表的列族信息
hbase(main):003:0> describe Student
NameError: uninitialized constant Student
hbase(main):004:0>
这条命令为什么会报错呢？是因为我忘了加单引号，上面说过，在HBase Shell语法中，所有字符串参数都必须包含在单引号中，且区分大小写。因此我们要时刻注意不要忘了加单引号和区分大小写。
hbase(main):004:0> describe 'Student'
Table Student is ENABLED
Student
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'Grades', VERSIONS => '1', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING =
> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false', P
REFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
{NAME => 'StuInfo', VERSIONS => '1', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING
=> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false',
PREFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
2 row(s)
Took 0.3453 seconds
hbase(main):005:0>
这样就对了。
更改表结构
修改列族参数信息。比如修改列族的版本。describe 'Student'命令返回信息中显示列族Grades的VERSIONS为1.但是实际情况可能需要保存最近的3个版本，可使用以下命令完成。
hbase(main):007:0> alter 'Student',{NAME=>'Grades','VERSIONS'=>3}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Took 2.3287 seconds
hbase(main):008:0> describe 'Student'
Table Student is ENABLED
Student
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'Grades', VERSIONS => '3', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING =
> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false', P
REFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
{NAME => 'StuInfo', VERSIONS => '1', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING
=> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false',
PREFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
2 row(s)
Took 0.0346 seconds
hbase(main):009:0>
可以看到修改的信息已经生效。
如果要在表中新增一个列族，名为hobby，使用以下命令。
hbase(main):009:0> alter 'Student','hobby'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Took 2.2090 seconds
查看表结构信息，看是否修改成功
hbase(main):010:0> describe 'Student'
Table Student is ENABLED
Student
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'Grades', VERSIONS => '3', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING =
> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false', P
REFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
{NAME => 'StuInfo', VERSIONS => '1', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING
=> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false',
PREFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
{NAME => 'hobby', VERSIONS => '1', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING =>
'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false', PR
EFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
3 row(s)
Took 0.0411 seconds
hbase(main):011:0>
如果要删除已有的列族，比如删除列族hobby
hbase(main):011:0> alter 'Student','delete'=>'hobby'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Took 2.0881 seconds
或者使用下面这条命令，两条命令都可以删除列族
hbase(main):017:0> alter 'Student',{NAME=>'hobby',METHOD=>'delete'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
Took 2.0877 seconds
可以看到hobby列族已经被删除。
hbase(main):018:0> describe 'Student'
Table Student is ENABLED
Student
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'Grades', VERSIONS => '3', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING =
> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false', P
REFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
{NAME => 'StuInfo', VERSIONS => '1', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING
=> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false',
PREFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}
2 row(s)
Took 0.0313 seconds
hbase(main):019:0>
删除表
删除表之前需要禁用表，再进行删除
禁用表
hbase(main):019:0> disable 'Student'
Took 0.8861 seconds
hbase(main):020:0>
查看表是否禁用成功
hbase(main):021:0> is_disabled 'Student'
true
Took 0.0173 seconds
=> 1
hbase(main):022:0>
删除表
hbase(main):022:0> drop 'Student'
Took 0.8469 seconds
hbase(main):023:0>
查看是否删除成功
hbase(main):023:0> list
TABLE
student
1 row(s)
Took 0.0258 seconds
=> ["student"]
hbase(main):024:0>
Student表已被删除，只剩下student表。
这里再次强调，HBase Shell区分大小写。不要把表删错了。
这里我们再把表给建回来，继续进行后面的操作
数据操作
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| put | 添加一个值到指定单元格中 |
| get | 通过表名，行键等参数获取行或单元格数据 |
| scan | 遍历表并输出满足指定条件的行记录 |
| count | 计算表中的逻辑行数 |
| delete | 删除表中列族或列的数据 |
put
向表中新增一个新行数据，或覆盖指定行的数据。
hbase(main):026:0> put 'Student','0001','StuInfo:Name','Tom Green',1
Took 0.6287 seconds
hbase(main):027:0>
这里解释一下每个值的意思。
Student为表名
0001为行键的名称
StuInfo列族名称
Name列的名称
StuInfo:Name中间用冒号隔开，列族名必须是已经创建的，
列名为临时定义的，列族里的列可以随意扩展。
Tom Green为单元格的值。在HBase中所有数据都是字符串的格式。
最后的1为时间戳，如果不设置，系统会自动插入当前时间为时间戳。
put只能插入单元格的数据，插入一行数据需要以下几条命令一起完成。
hbase(main):026:0> put 'Student','0001','StuInfo:Name','Tom Green',1
Took 0.6287 seconds
hbase(main):027:0> put 'Student','0001','StuInfo:Age','18'
Took 0.3039 seconds
hbase(main):028:0> put 'Student','0001','StuInfo:Sex','Male'
Took 0.0545 seconds
hbase(main):029:0> put 'Student','0001','Grades:BigData','100'
Took 0.1997 seconds
hbase(main):030:0> put 'Student','0001','Grades:Math','99'
Took 0.0170 seconds
hbase(main):031:0> put 'Student','0001','Grades:Computer','98'
Took 0.0344 seconds
hbase(main):032:0>
将学生姓名修改为Jim Green
put 'Student','0001','StuInfo:Name','Jim Green'
如果在创建表时设置列族VERSIONS参数值为n，则put操作可以保存n个版本数据，即可查询到行键为0001的学生的n个版本的姓名数据。
get
类似于关系型数据库的select操作
获取Student表中行键为0001的所有列族数据。
hbase(main):033:0> get 'Student','0001'
COLUMN CELL
Grades:BigData timestamp=1635416535656, value=100
Grades:Computer timestamp=1635416577731, value=98
Grades:Math timestamp=1635416552108, value=99
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