离线安装pyenv的shell脚本

Posted 白-胖-子

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Python多版本共存神器-pyenv

  • Python最大的问题是版本问题，不光是python2和python3有代差，在python3中的小版本间也有不同版本问题
  • 在不适用docker或者虚拟机技术的情况下，实现同一台服务器部署多版本python环境成为了关键
  • pyenv很好解决了单机多版本python部署的问题
  • pyenv在github上的项目

在线安装pyenv

  • pyenv官方提供了多种安装方式，最方便的就是通过git clone从项目中直接克隆到本机即可。

  • 使用普通用户python在线安装pyenv
    git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
    或者
    curl -L https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/raw/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash

[python@C8-196 ~]$ git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
Cloning into '/home/python/.pyenv'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 20576, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (1600/1600), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (581/581), done.
remote: Total 20576 (delta 963), reused 1470 (delta 894), pack-reused 18976
Receiving objects: 100% (20576/20576), 4.17 MiB | 1.91 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (13840/13840), done.
  • 但是由于你懂的原因，正常情况下几乎不可能成功的！
  • 上面的脚本其实就是git了以下几个内容
checkout "${GITHUB}/pyenv/pyenv.git"            "${PYENV_ROOT}"  ## 这个是最基础的，必须得有的
checkout "${GITHUB}/pyenv/pyenv-doctor.git"     "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-doctor" ## 这个是用于doctor得，可以没有的
checkout "${GITHUB}/pyenv/pyenv-installer.git"  "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-installer" ## 这个是安装器，必须的把自己下载下来
checkout "${GITHUB}/pyenv/pyenv-update.git"     "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-update" ## 这个update也得有啊！
checkout "${GITHUB}/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git" "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv" ## 这个是虚拟环境，必须要有呀
checkout "${GITHUB}/pyenv/pyenv-which-ext.git"  "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-which-ext" ## 这个是个啥玩意

离线安装pyenv

  1. 先将依赖有的没的都给一股脑装上
    yum install gcc make build-essential llvm libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl libncurses5-dev xz-utils libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev tk-dev patch gdbm-devel openssl-devel sqlite-devel redline-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel -y
  2. 再创建一个普通用户跑python
    useradd python&&echo python | passwd --stdin python
  3. 切换到普通用户python并下载项目源码包
    wget https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/archive/refs/tags/v2.1.0.tar.gz
[root@C8-196 ~]# su - python
[python@C8-196 ~]$ 
[python@C8-196 ~]$ wget https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/archive/refs/tags/v2.1.0.tar.gz
--2021-10-27 09:38:19--  https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/archive/refs/tags/v2.1.0.tar.gz
Resolving github.com (github.com)... 20.205.243.166
Connecting to github.com (github.com)|20.205.243.166|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://codeload.github.com/pyenv/pyenv/tar.gz/refs/tags/v2.1.0 [following]
--2021-10-27 09:38:21--  https://codeload.github.com/pyenv/pyenv/tar.gz/refs/tags/v2.1.0
Resolving codeload.github.com (codeload.github.com)... 20.205.243.165
Connecting to codeload.github.com (codeload.github.com)|20.205.243.165|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: unspecified [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘v2.1.0.tar.gz’

v2.1.0.tar.gz                  [    <=>                                 ] 646.91K   857KB/s    in 0.8s    

2021-10-27 09:38:23 (857 KB/s) - ‘v2.1.0.tar.gz’ saved [662433]

[python@C8-196 ~]$ ll 
total 648
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 662433 Oct 27 09:38 v2.1.0.tar.gz
  1. 编写离线部署pyenv的脚本
#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -e
[ -n "$PYENV_DEBUG" ] && set -x

if [ -z "$PYENV_ROOT" ]; then
  PYENV_ROOT="${HOME}/.pyenv"
fi

colorize() {
  if [ -t 1 ]; then printf "\\e[%sm%s\\e[m" "$1" "$2"
  else echo -n "$2"
  fi
}

# Checks for `.pyenv` file, and suggests to remove it for installing
if [ -d "${PYENV_ROOT}" ]; then
  { echo
    colorize 1 "WARNING"
    echo ": Can not proceed with installation. Kindly remove '.pyenv' from ${HOME} first."
    echo
  } >&2
    exit 1
fi

conditional_mv() {
  [ -d "$2" ] || mkdir -p "$2" && mv "$1"/* "$2"
}

if ! command -v git 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
  echo "pyenv: Git is not installed, can't continue." >&2
  exit 1
fi

# PYENV_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE is the path of pyenv compressed archive file.
if [ -z "$PYENV_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE" ]; then
  PYENV_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE="$(cd $(dirname "$0") && pwd)/pyenv-package.tar.gz"
fi

if [ ! -e "$PYENV_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE" ]; then
  { echo
    colorize 1 "ERROR"
    echo ": file $PYENV_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE not exists."
    echo
  } >&2
  exit 1
fi

# Decompress archive.
TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)

tar -xf "$PYENV_PACKAGE_ARCHIVE" -C "$TMP_DIR"

conditional_mv "$TMP_DIR/pyenv"            "${PYENV_ROOT}"
conditional_mv "$TMP_DIR/pyenv-doctor"     "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-doctor"
conditional_mv "$TMP_DIR/pyenv-installer"  "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-installer"
conditional_mv "$TMP_DIR/pyenv-update"     "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-update"
conditional_mv "$TMP_DIR/pyenv-virtualenv" "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv"
conditional_mv "$TMP_DIR/pyenv-which-ext"  "${PYENV_ROOT}/plugins/pyenv-which-ext"

rm -rf $TMP_DIR


if ! command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null; then
  { echo
    colorize 1 "WARNING"
    echo ": seems you still have not added 'pyenv' to the load path."
    echo
  } >&2

  { # Without args, `init` commands print installation help
    "${PYENV_ROOT}/bin/pyenv" init || true
    "${PYENV_ROOT}/bin/pyenv" virtualenv-init || true
  } >&2
fi

  1. 我们用各种方法把网上找到的包放进pyenv-package.tar.gz
    https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/archive/refs/tags/v2.1.0.tar.gz pyenv主程序包
    https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv/archive/refs/heads/master.zip pyenv-virtualenv虚拟环境扩展包
    https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-update/archive/refs/heads/master.zip pyenv-update升级宝宝
    https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-version-ext/archive/refs/heads/master.zip pyenv-version-ext版本控制宝宝
    https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/archive/refs/heads/master.zip
    pyenv-installer安装pyenv的宝宝
    https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-doctor/archive/refs/heads/master.zip
    pyenv-doctor配合docker容器使用的宝宝

  2. 把这些宝宝其实解压到指定的目录中就行啦

  3. 添加用户环境变量让这个软件能用

vim ~/.bashrc
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
  eval "$(pyenv init -)"
fi
source ~/.bashrc
  1. 测试看看能不能用
[python@C8-196 ~]$ pyenv -v
pyenv 2.1.0-24-ga0cc289d
  1. 安装好以后更新软件先
[python@C8-196 ~]$ pyenv update
  1. 创建python安装包存放目录
    mkdir ~/.pyenv/cache
  2. 将需要的python不同版本安装包放到这个目录中
    PUrl='https://www.python.org/ftp/python/';for i in {2.7.18,3.5.10,3.6.15,3.7.12,3.8.12,3.9.7,3.10.0};do wget $PUrl$i/Python-$i.tar.xz;done
[python@C8-196 ~]$ cd  ~/.pyenv/cache
[python@C8-196 cache]$ ll
total 0
[python@C8-196 cache]$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.0/Python-3.10.0.tgz
[python@C8-196 cache]$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.7/Python-3.9.7.tgz
[python@C8-196 cache]$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.12/Python-3.8.12.tgz
[python@C8-196 cache]$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.12/Python-3.7.12.tgz
[python@C8-196 cache]$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.15/Python-3.6.15.tgz
[python@C8-196 cache]$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.10/Python-3.5.10.tgz
[python@C8-196 cache]$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.18/Python-2.7.18.tgz
[python@C8-196 cache]$ ll  -h
total 267M
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 187 Oct 27 11:27 downpython.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 13M Apr 20  2020 Python-2.7.18.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 17M Apr 20  2020 Python-2.7.18.tgz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 18M Oct  5 02:31 Python-3.10.0.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 24M Oct  5 02:34 Python-3.10.0.tgz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 15M Sep  5  2020 Python-3.5.10.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 20M Sep  5  2020 Python-3.5.10.tgz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 17M Sep  4 14:21 Python-3.6.15.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 22M Sep  4 14:20 Python-3.6.15.tgz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 17M Sep  4 13:48 Python-3.7.12.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 23M Sep  4 13:47 Python-3.7.12.tgz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 18M Aug 31 00:55 Python-3.8.12.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 24M Aug 31 00:55 Python-3.8.12.tgz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 19M Aug 31 03:51 Python-3.9.7.tar.xz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 python python 25M Aug 31 03:52 Python-3.9.7.tgz
  1. 查看可以安装python版本
  • 它不支持的版本你下载了也没用啊
[python@C8-196 ~]$ pyenv install -l
  1. 使用pyenv安装需要的版本
[python@C8-196 cache]$ for i in {2.7.18,3.5.10,3.6.15,3.7.12,3.8.12,3.9.7,3.10.0};do pyenv install -vvv $i;done
  1. 查看安装好的python版本
[python@C8-196 cache]$ pyenv version
system (set by /home/python/.pyenv/version)
[python@C8-196 cache]$ pyenv versions
  3.10.0
  3.5.10
  3.6.15
  3.7.12
  3.8.12
  3.9.7
  • 很显然，2.7.18没撞上
[python@C8-196 cache]$ pyenv install 2.7.18 -vvv
/tmp/python-build.20211027122550.83864 ~/.pyenv/cache
/tmp/python-build.20211027122550.83864/Python-2.7.18 /tmp/python-build.20211027122550.83864 ~/.pyenv/cache
Installing Python-2.7.18...
/home/python/.pyenv/plugins/python-build/bin/python-build: line 1668: patch: command not found

BUILD FAILED (CentOS Linux 8 using python-build 2.1.0-24-ga0cc289d)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /tmp/python-build.20211027122550.83864
Results logged to /tmp/python-build.20211027122550.83864.log

Last 10 log lines:
/tmp/python-build.20211027122550.83864 ~/.pyenv/cache
/tmp/python-build.20211027122550.83864/Python-2.7.18 /tmp/python-build.20211027122550.83864 ~/.pyenv/cache
  1. 创建虚拟环境
  • 根据不同项目对python版本的不同要求，创建目录，并在目录中定义python环境
  • 先创建项目的目录
[python@C8-196 cache]$ mkdir ~/projects/{p3510,p3615,p3712,p3812,p397,p3100} -pv
mkdir: created directory '/home/python/projects'
mkdir: created directory '/home/python/projects/p3510'
mkdir: created directory '/home/python/projects/p3615'
mkdir: created directory '/home/python/projects/p3712'
mkdir: created directory '/home/python/projects/p3812'
mkdir: created directory '/home/python/projects/p397'
mkdir: created directory '/home/python/projects/p3100'
  • 在目录中定义python
for i in {2.7.18,3.5.10,3.6.15,3.7.12,3.8.12,3.9.7,3.10.0};do 
  j=`echo "$i" | sed -r 's/\\.//g'`
  pyenv virtualenv $i py$j
  mkdir ~/projects/p$j -pv && cd ~/projects/p$j && pyenv local py$j && pyenv version
done

[python@C8-196 ~]$ bash pyv.sh 
pyenv: version `py2718' not installed
py3510 (set by /home/python/projects/p3510/.python-version)
py3615 (set by /home/python/projects/p3615/.python-version)
py3712 (set by /home/python/projects/p3712/.python-version)
py3812 (set by /home/python/projects/p3812/.python-version)
py397 (set by /home/python/projects/p397/.python-version)
py3100 (set by /home/python/projects/p3100/.python-version)
  1. 更改本地pip源为阿里
[python@C8-196 ~]$ mkdir .pip
[python@C8-196 ~]$ vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

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