世界上到底有多少种编程语言

Posted 不叫月红

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今天在找选题的时候，发现一篇《世界上最不流行的编程语言》。程序员常常讨论世界上最流行的编程语言有哪些，各种编程语言排行榜也会定时发布出来，例如Python、javascript、Java这些耳熟能详，排在各大榜单前列的流行编程语言，之所以流行，很大一部分原因是因为工作好找。

带着好奇进去浏览一番，原文作者认为，剔除掉 JavaScript 的原型 OOP 部分，众观当下流行编程语言，它们或多或少都有彼此的副本，意义上也没有太大区别。几乎所有流行指数较高的编程语言或多或少都有相互复制粘贴的功能，并称之为局部优化。

那么有没有当下在使用却没有流行起来的语言呢？仔细一看，原来是作者在推广他自己写的编程语言，目前该语言用户只有作者自己，作者能想到流行两字，也是有趣地很。不过他的观点让笔者产生了好奇，世界上到底有多少种编程语言呢？

TIOBE在每月月初都会发布编程语言排行榜，每次都会列出TOP 100编程语言：

排在51——100：

ABC, ActionScript, Alice, Applescript, AspectJ, AutoLISP, Awk, B4X,Bash, bc, Bourne shell, C shell, CFML, CIL, Clipper, ECMAScript,Eiffel, Elm, F#, Haxe, Icon, Inform, Io, JScript, Korn shell, LabVIEW,Lingo, M4, ML, MQL4, Nim, NXT-G, Occam, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, Oz,PostScript, Q, Racket, REBOL, REXX, Ring, RPG, S-PLUS, Simulink, SPSS,Vala/Genie, Verilog, Xojo, XSLT

随后，笔者浏览了TIOBE上参与榜单评测的270多门语言，放眼望去，请问你认识几个？

  1. (Visual) FoxPro: FoxPro, Fox Pro, VFP, VFPA
  2. 1C:Enterprise script
  3. 4th Dimension/4D: 4D, 4th Dimension
  4. ABAP
  5. ABC: ABC (exceptions: -tv -channel)
  6. ActionScript: ActionScript, AS1, AS2, AS3
  7. Ada
  8. Agilent VEE
  9. Algol
  10. Alice: Alice (confidence: 90%)
  11. Angelscript
  12. Apex
  13. APL
  14. Applescript
  15. Arc
  16. AspectJ
  17. Assembly language: Assembly, Assembly language
  18. ATLAS
  19. AutoHotkey: AutoHotkey, AHK
  20. AutoIt
  21. AutoLISP
  22. Automator
  23. Avenue
  24. Awk: Awk, Mawk, Gawk, Nawk
  25. B4X
  26. Ballerina
  27. Bash
  28. Basic: Basic (confidence: 0%)
  29. BBC BASIC
  30. bc
  31. BCPL
  32. BETA: BETA (confidence: 10%)
  33. BlitzMax: BlitzMax, BlitzBasic, Blitz Basic
  34. Boo
  35. Bourne shell: Bourne shell, sh
  36. Brainfuck
  37. C shell: Csh, C shell (confidence: 90%)
  38. C#: C#, C-Sharp, C Sharp, CSharp, CSharp.NET, C#.NET
  39. C++
  40. C++/CLI
  41. C-Omega
  42. C: C (exceptions: -“Objective-C”)
  43. Caml
  44. Ceylon
  45. CFML: CFML, ColdFusion
  46. . Ch: Ch (exceptions: +ChScite)
  47. Chapel: Chapel (exceptions: -christ)
  48. CHILL
  49. CIL
  50. CL (OS/400): CL (exceptions: -Lisp), CLLE
  51. Clarion
  52. Classic Visual Basic: Visual Basic (confidence: 50%), VB (confidence: 50%), VBA, VB6
  53. Clean: Clean (confidence: 43%)
  54. Clipper
  55. CLIPS
  56. Clojure: Clojure, ClojureScript
  57. CLU
  58. COBOL
  59. Cobra
  60. CoffeeScript
  61. COMAL
  62. Common Lisp
  63. Crystal: Crystal (confidence: 61%, exceptions: -healing), crystallang
  64. cT
  65. Curl
  66. Dart
  67. DCL
  68. Delphi/Object Pascal: DwScript, Object Pascal, Delphi, Delphi.NET, Pascal (confidence: 95%)
  69. DiBOL: DBL, Synergy/DE, DIBOL
  70. Dylan
  71. ECMAScript
  72. EGL
  73. Eiffel
  74. Elixir
  75. Elm
  76. Emacs Lisp: Emacs Lisp, Elips
  77. Emerald
  78. Erlang
  79. Etoys
  80. Euphoria
  81. EXEC
  82. F#: F#, F-Sharp, FSharp, F Sharp
  83. Factor
  84. Falcon
  85. Fantom
  86. Felix: Felix (confidence: 86%)
  87. Forth
  88. Fortran
  89. Fortress
  90. FreeBASIC
  91. Gambas
  92. GAMS
  93. GLSL
  94. GML: GML, GameMaker Language
  95. GNU Octave
  96. Go: Go, Golang
  97. Gosu
  98. Groovy: Groovy, GPATH, GSQL, Groovy++
  99. Hack
  100. Harbour
  101. Haskell
  102. Haxe
  103. Heron
  104. HPL
  105. HyperTalk
  106. Icon: Icon (confidence: 90%)
  107. IDL: IDL (exceptions: -corba -interface)
  108. Idris
  109. Inform
  110. Informix-4GL
  111. INTERCAL
  112. Io
  113. Ioke
  114. J#
  115. JADE
  116. Java
  117. JavaFX Script
  118. JavaScript: JavaScript, JS, SSJS
  119. JScript
  120. JScript.NET
  121. Julia: Julia, Julialang, julia-lang
  122. Korn shell: Korn shell, ksh
  123. Kotlin
  124. LabVIEW
  125. Ladder Logic
  126. Lasso
  127. Limbo
  128. Lingo
  129. Lisp
  130. LiveCode: Revolution, LiveCode
  131. Logo: Logo (confidence: 90%, exceptions: -tv)
  132. LotusScript
  133. LPC
  134. Lua: Lua, LuaJIT
  135. Lustre
  136. M4
  137. MAD: MAD (confidence: 50%)
  138. Magic: Magic (confidence: 50%)
    1. Magik
  140. Malbolge
  141. MANTIS
  142. Maple
  143. MATLAB
  144. Max/MSP
  145. MAXScript
  146. MDX
  147. MEL
  148. Mercury
  149. Miva
  150. ML
  151. Modula-2
  152. Modula-3
  153. Monkey
  154. MOO
  155. Moto
  156. MQL4: MQL4, MQL5
  157. MS-DOS batch
  158. MUMPS
  159. NATURAL
  160. Nemerle
  161. NetLogo
  162. Nim: Nim, Nimrod
  163. NQC
  164. NSIS
  165. NXT-G
  166. Oberon
  167. Object Rexx
  168. Objective-C: Objective-C, objc, obj-c
  169. OCaml: Objective Caml, OCaml
  170. Occam
  171. OpenCL
  172. OpenEdge ABL: Progress, Progress 4GL, ABL, Advanced Business Language, OpenEdge
  173. OPL
  174. Oxygene
  175. Oz
  176. Paradox
  177. Pascal: Pascal (confidence: 5%)
  178. Perl
  179. php
  180. Pike
  181. PILOT: PILOT (confidence: 50%, exceptions: -“Palm Pilot programming”)
  182. PL/I: PL/1, PL/I
  183. PL/SQL
  184. Pliant
  185. Pony
  186. PostScript: PostScript, PS
  187. POV-Ray
  188. PowerBasic
  189. PowerScript
  190. PowerShell
  191. Processing: Processing (exceptions: +“sketchbook”)
  192. Programming Without Coding Technology: Programming Without Coding Technology, PWCT
  193. Prolog
  194. Pure Data: Pure Data, PD
  195. PureBasic
  196. Python
  197. Q
  198. R: R (confidence: 90%, exceptions: +“statistical”)
  199. Racket
  200. Raku: Perl 6, Raku
  201. REBOL
  202. Red: Red (confidence: 20%)
  203. REXX
  204. Ring
  205. RPG: RPG (confidence: 80%, exceptions: -role), RPGLE, ILERPG, RPGIV, RPGIII, RPG400,
  206. RPGII, RPG4
  207. Ruby
  208. Rust: Rust, Rustlang
  209. S-PLUS: S-PLUS (exceptions: +statistical)
  210. S: S (exceptions: +statistical)
  211. SAS
  212. Sather
  213. Scala
  214. Scheme: Scheme (exceptions: -tv -channel)
  215. Scratch
  216. sed
  217. Seed7
  218. SIGNAL: SIGNAL (confidence: 10%)
  219. Simula
  220. Simulink
  221. Slate: Slate (confidence: 57%)
  222. Small Basic
  223. Smalltalk
  224. Smarty
  225. Snap!
  226. SNOBOL
  227. Solidity
  228. SPARK
  229. SPSS
  230. SQL
  231. SQR
  232. Squeak
  233. Squirrel
  234. Standard ML: Standard ML, SML
  235. Stata
  236. Structured Text
  237. Suneido
  238. SuperCollider: SuperCollider (confidence: 80%)
  239. Swift
  240. TACL
  241. Tcl: Tcl/Tk, Tcl
  242. tcsh
  243. Tex
  244. thinBasic
  245. TOM: TOM (confidence: 50%)
  246. Transact-SQL: T-SQL, Transact-SQL, TSQL
  247. TypeScript: TypeScript, TS
  248. Uniface
  249. Vala/Genie: Vala, Genie
  250. VBScript
  251. Verilog
  252. VHDL
  253. Visual Basic: Visual Basic .NET, VB.NET, Visual Basic.NET, Visual Basic (confidence: 50%), VB (confidence: 50%)
  254. WebAssembly
  255. WebDNA
  256. Whitespace
  257. Wolfram
  258. X10
  259. xBase
  260. XBase++
  261. XC
  262. Xen
  263. Xojo: REALbasic, Xojo
  264. XPL
  265. XQuery
  266. XSLT
  267. Xtend
  268. yacc
  269. Yorick
  270. Z shell: Z shell, zsh
  271. Zig: Zig, zlang

你知道世界上一共有多少门编程语言吗？你觉得一门编程语言能否流行起来的关键是什么，是如笔者开头所提到的易于找工作，还是其它原因。然后最后的最后，咱们来个投票，咱们不谈会写多个编程语言，就看看大家能认识多少个？

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