linux 命令
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1) 新建用户natasha，uid为1000，gid为555，备注信息为“master” useradd natasha -u 1000 -g 555 -c "master" 2) 修改natasha用户的家目录为/Natasha usermod -d /Natasha natasha su - natasha -bash-4.1$ pwd /home/Natasha -bash-4.1$ 3) 查看用户信息配置文件的最后一行 tail -1 /etc/passwd 4) 为natasha用户设置密码“123” echo ‘123‘|passwd --stdin natasha 5) 查看用户密码配置文件的最后一行 tail -1 /etc/shadow 6) 将natasha用户账户锁定 usermod -s /sbin/nologin natasha 7) 将natasha用户账户解锁 usermod -s /bin/bash natasha 8) 新建组police，gid为999 groupadd police -g 999 9) 查看组配置文件的最后一行 tail -1 /etc/group 10) 将natasha用户加入police组 usermod -a -G police natasha 11) 修改police组的组名为jingcha groupmod -n jingcha police 12) 删除natasha用户，连家目录和邮箱一起删除 userdel natasha -r 13) 删除jingcha组 groupdel jingcha 作业二： 1) 在用户的主目录下创建目录test，进入test创建空文件file1 cd /home/ && mkdir test && touch test/file1 2) 以长格式形式显示文件信息，注意文件的权限和所属用户和组 ls -l test/ [[email protected] ~]$ ls -l test/ total 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 natasha natasha 0 May 24 17:00 file1 3) 为文件file1设置权限，使其他用户可以对此文件进行写操作。 chmod o=w test/file1 4) 查看设置结果， -bash-4.1$ ll test/ -rw-rw--w- 1 natasha natasha 0 May 24 17:14 file1 5) 取消同组用户对文件file1的读取权限，并查看设置结果。 chmod g-r file1 -rw--w--w- 1 natasha natasha 0 May 24 16:54 file1 6) 用数字表示法为文件file设置权限，所有者可读、可写、可执行，所属组用户和其他用户只具有读和执行的权限。设置完成后查看设置结果。 chmod 755 file1 [[email protected] ~]$ ll test/file1 -rwxr-xr-x 1 natasha natasha 0 May 24 16:54 test/file1 7) 用数字形式更改文件file1的权限，使所有者只能读取此文件。其他任何用户都没有权限。查看设置结果。 chmod 500 test/ chmod 400 file1 8) 回到上层目录，查看test的权限 cd .. && ll test dr-x------ 2 natasha natasha 4096 May 24 15:13 test 9) 为其他用户添加对此目录的写权限 chmod o+wx test/ -R 作业三： 以操作文件的方式，新建一个用户alex echo ‘alex:x:1004:1004:master:/home/alex:/bin/bash‘ >>/etc/passwd echo ‘alex:!!:17310:0:99999:7:::‘ >> /etc/shadow echo ‘alex:x:666:‘ >>group echo ‘alex:!::‘ >> /etc/gshadow touch /var/spool/mail/alex uid=1004(alex) gid=1004 groups=1004 作业四： 1) 新建目录/test/dir，属主为tom，数组为group1，/test目录的权限为777 mkdir /test/dir -p && chown tom.group1 /test/dir -R chmod 777 /test 2) 新建用户jack，切换到jack用户下，验证jack用户对dir目录的rwx权限（开启另外一个终端，依次修改dir目录的others权限） useradd jack su - jack [[email protected] test]$ ll dir total 0 [[email protected] test]$ touch dir/1 touch: cannot touch `dir/1‘: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ cd dir [[email protected] dir]$ [[email protected] test]# chmod o=- dir [[email protected] test]# ll total 4 drwxr-x--- 2 tom group1 4096 May 24 17:22 dir [[email protected] test]$ ll dir ls: cannot open directory dir: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ touch dir/1 touch: cannot touch `dir/1‘: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘11‘ >dir/1 -bash: dir/1: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ cd dir/ -bash: cd: dir/: Permission denied [[email protected] test]# chmod o=r dir [[email protected] test]$ ll dir total 0 [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘11‘ >dir/1 -bash: dir/1: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ cd dir/ -bash: cd: dir/: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ [[email protected] test]# chmod o=w dir drwxr-x-w- 2 tom group1 4096 May 24 17:22 dir [[email protected] test]$ ll dir ls: cannot open directory dir: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘11‘ >dir/1 -bash: dir/1: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ cd dir -bash: cd: dir: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ [[email protected] test]# chmod o=x dir [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘11‘ >dir/1 -bash: dir/1: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ ll dir/ ls: cannot open directory dir/: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ cd dir/ [[email protected] dir]$ [[email protected] test]# chmod o=wx dir [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘11‘ >dir/1 [[email protected] test]$ ll dir/ ls: cannot open directory dir/: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ cd dir/ [[email protected] test]# chmod o=rx dir [[email protected] test]$ cd dir [[email protected] dir]$ cd .. [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘11‘ >dir/2 -bash: dir/2: Permission denied [[email protected] test]# chmod o=rw dir [[email protected] test]$ ll dir ls: cannot access dir/1: Permission denied total 0 -????????? ? ? ? ? ? 1 [[email protected] test]$ cd dir -bash: cd: dir: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘11‘ >dir/2 -bash: dir/2: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ 3）将jack加入group1组，验证jack用户对dir目录的rwx权限（开启另外一个终端，依次修改dir目录的group权限） usermod -a -G group1 jack [[email protected] test]$ ll total 4 drwxr-xrw- 2 tom group1 4096 May 24 17:39 dir [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘11‘ >dir/1 -bash: dir/1: Permission denied [[email protected] test]$ ll dir/ total 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 rose rose 3 May 24 17:39 1 [[email protected] test]$ cd dir [[email protected] dir]$ [[email protected] test]$ 4）切换到tom用户，验证tom用户对dir目录的rwx权限（开启另外一个终端，依次修改dir目录的user权限） [[email protected] test]$ ll dir total 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 rose rose 3 May 24 17:39 1 [[email protected] test]$ cd dir [[email protected] dir]$ cd .. [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘333‘ >dir/2 [[email protected] test]$ 5）在dir目录内新建文件tom.txt,属主为tom，属组为group1，/test目录的权限为777 chown tom.group1 tom.txt chmod 777 /test 6）新建用户rose，切换到rose用户下，验证rose用户对tom.txt的rwx权限（开启另外一个终端，依次修改tom.txt的others权限来配合验证过程） [[email protected] test]$ ll dir total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 tom group1 0 May 24 17:58 tom.txt [[email protected] test]$ echo ‘1‘ >dir/tom.txt -bash: dir/tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ sh tom.txt 5 [[email protected] dir]# chmod o=- tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ ll total 0 -rw-r----- 1 tom group1 0 May 24 17:58 tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt cat: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ echo ‘11‘ >tom.txt -bash: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ sh tom.txt sh: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ [[email protected] dir]# chmod o=w tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ ll tom.txt -rw-r---w- 1 tom group1 3 May 24 18:02 tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ echo ‘11‘ >tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ sh tom.txt sh: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt cat: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ [[email protected] dir]# chmod o=x tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ ll total 4 -rw-r----x 1 tom group1 3 May 24 18:02 tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ echo ‘11‘ >tom.txt -bash: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt cat: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ sh tom.txt sh: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ [[email protected] dir]# chmod o=rw tom.txt [[email protected] dir]# ll total 4 -rw-r--rw- 1 tom group1 3 May 24 18:02 tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ echo ‘3‘ >tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt echo ‘3‘ [[email protected] dir]$ sh tom.txt 3 [[email protected] dir]# chmod o=rx tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ ll total 4 -rw-r--r-x 1 tom group1 9 May 24 18:11 tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ echo "3" >>tom.txt -bash: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt echo ‘1‘ [[email protected] dir]$ ./tom.txt -bash: ./tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ [[email protected] dir]# chmod o=wx tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ ll total 4 -rw-r---wx 1 tom group1 20 May 24 18:33 tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ echo "echo \‘3\‘" >>tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ ./tom.txt bash: ./tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt cat: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]# chmod o=rwx tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ ll total 4 -rw-r---wx 1 tom group1 20 May 24 18:33 tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt cat: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt echo ‘3‘ echo \‘3\‘ [[email protected] dir]$ ./tom.txt 3 ‘3‘ [[email protected] dir]$ echo "echo \‘3\‘" >>tom.txt 7）将rose加入group1组，在rose用户下，验证rose用户对tom.txt的rwx权限（开启另外一个终端，依次修改tom.txt的group1权限来配合验证过程） [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ echo ‘111‘ >tom.txt [[email protected] test]$ ll dir/ total 8 -rwxrwxrwx 1 tom tom 3 May 24 16:33 1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 tom group1 4 May 24 16:42 tom.txt 8）切换到tom用户，验证tom用户对tom.txt的rwx权限（开启另外一个终端，依次修改tom.txt的user权限来配合验证过程） [[email protected] dir]# chmod u-rw tom.txt [[email protected] dir]# ll total 8 -rwxrwxrwx 1 tom tom 3 May 24 16:33 1 ----rw-r-- 1 tom group1 670 May 24 16:43 tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt cat: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ echo ‘11‘ > tom.txt -bash: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]# chmod u+r tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222111 [[email protected] dir]# chmod u-r tom.txt [[email protected] dir]# chmod u+x tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt cat: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ echo ‘3‘ >tom.txt -bash: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ sh tom.txt sh: tom.txt: Permission denied [[email protected] dir]$ [[email protected] dir]# chmod u+rw tom.txt [[email protected] dir]$ cat tom.txt 222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222111 [[email protected] dir]$ echo ‘3‘ >tom
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