数据分析⚠️走进数据分析 2⚠️ 爬虫简介
Posted 我是小白呀
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概述
数据分析 (Data Analyze) 可以在工作中的各个方面帮助我们. 本专栏为量化交易专栏下的子专栏, 主要讲解一些数据分析的基础知识.
爬虫
爬虫 (Web Crawler) 是一个自动提取网页的程序. 可以自动化浏览网络中的信息, 对信息进行自动化检索.
爬取网页
urlopen()可以帮助我们打开一个远程的 url 链接, 并向这个链接发出请求, 获取响应结果. 返回的是一个 http 响应对象, 记录了本次 http 访问的响应头和响应体.
格式:
urllib.request.urlopen(url, data=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
*, cafile=None, capath=None, cadefault=False, context=None):
例子:
import urllib.request
# 网页
url = "https://iamarookie.blog.csdn.net/"
# 发送请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
# 如果请求成功
if response.getcode() == 200:
# 打印信息
print(response.read().decode("utf-8"))
输出结果:
C:\\Users\\Windows\\Anaconda3\\pythonw.exe C:/Users/Windows/Desktop/爬虫/爬取网页.py
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吾本布衣, 出自纽约, 四周大山. 箪瓢屡空, 环堵萧然, 不弊风日. 吾好读书, 滴水石穿, 笨鸟先飞, 求知不断, 方能立足. 不羡孔北海之座上客常满, 但求吾辈架上书常在. 涸辙遗鲋, 暮成枯, 人而无志, 与彼何殊. Self-study Computer Science. 愿为 open source 自效微力. 天高地阔，欲往观之.
因为啥也不会, 默默做一只小白
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data-report-click="{"spm":"3001.5482"}" class="aside-common-box-bottom-btn" data-v-d487ed78>展开<i class="el-icon-arrow-down" data-v-d487ed78></i></button></div></div> <div class="user-custom-module user-profile-aside-common-box" data-v-d487ed78><div title="学无止境" class="aside-common-box-head" data-v-d487ed78>学无止境</div> <div class="aside-common-box-bottom" data-v-d487ed78><div class="aside-common-box-content" data-v-d487ed78><center>
... ...
... ...
设置超时时间
通过 urlopen 方法发出的请求, 如果长时间没得到响应, 我们应终止该请求. 如果再继续维持, 不仅会继续耗费本地客户端和对方服务器的资源, 更会让用户长时间得不到响应, 从而降低用户体验. 用 urlopen 方法时, 我们可以加入 timeout 参数来指定超时时间, 单位为秒.
例子:
import urllib.request
# 网页
url = "https://iamarookie.blog.csdn.net/"
# 发送请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=10)
# 如果请求成功
if response.getcode() == 200:
# 打印信息
print(response.read().decode("utf-8"))
处理网络异常
URLError可以帮助我们处理网络异常.
例子:
from urllib import request, error
# 网页
url = "https://iamarookie.blog.csdn.net/"
# 发送请求
try:
response = request.urlopen(url, timeout=10)
except error.URLError as e:
# 打印错误
print(e.reason)
# 退出
exit(1)
# 如果请求成功
if response.getcode() == 200:
# 打印信息
print(response.read().decode("utf-8"))
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